Introduction To General Wastewater Study Guide

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wastewater Operator Certification

Introduction To General Wastewater Study Guide

December 2011 Edition

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Science Services

Operator Certification Program P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707



The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape. etc.) upon request. Please call (608) 266-0531 for more information.

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Introduction To General Wastewater Study Guide - December 2011 Edition

Preface

This operator's study guide represents the results of an ambitious program. Operators of wastewater facilities, regulators, educators, and wastewater businesses jointly prepared the objectives and exam questions for this subclass.

How to use this study guide with references

In preparation for the exams you should: 1. Read all of the key knowledges for each objective. 2. Use the resources listed at the end of the study guide for additional information. 3. Review all key knowledges until you fully understand them and know them by memory.

It is advisable that the operator take classroom or online training in this process before attempting the certification exam.

Choosing A Test Date Before you choose a test date, consider the training opportunities available in your area. A listing of training opportunities and exam dates is available on the internet at , keyword search "operator certifcation". It can also be found in the annual DNR "Certified Operator" or by contacting your DNR regional operator certification coordinator.

Acknowledgements

This Study Guide is the result of the efforts of the following workgroup individuals: Kurt Birkett, Fort Atkinson WWTP Gary Hanson, AECom Greg Paul, QLF Specialty Products Dan Tomaro, Wastewater Training Solutions Mark Corbett, WIDNR-Oshkosh Amy Schmidt, WIDNR-Madison Jack Saltes, WIDNR-Madison

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Introduction To General Wastewater Study Guide - December 2011 Edition

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Terminology Section 1.1 - Flows and Pollutants Section 1.2 - Sewer Systems Section 1.3 - Wastewater Processes Section 1.4 - Safety and Regulations

Chapter 2 - Influent Wastewater Section 2.1 - Sources Section 2.2 - Conveyance Section 2.3 - Characteristics of Wastewater Section 2.4 - Flow Monitoring Section 2.5 - Sampling

Chapter 3 - Wastewater Treatment Section 3.1 - Preliminary Treatment Section 3.2 - Primary Treatment Section 3.3 - Secondary (Biological) Treatment Section 3.4 - Final Clarification Section 3.5 - Tertiary Treatment Section 3.6 - Disinfection Section 3.7 - Ponds and Lagoons Section 3.8 - Equipment Section 3.9 - Treatment Plant and Equipment Maintenance

Chapter 4 - Biosolids/Sludge - Processing, Handling, and Land Application Section 4.1 - Thickening Section 4.2 - Treatment Section 4.3 - Dewatering Section 4.4 - Land Application Section 4.5 - Sampling and Reporting

Chapter 5 - Effluent Discharge Section 5.1 - Flow Monitoring Section 5.2 - Sampling Section 5.3 - Permitting and Reporting

Chapter 6 - Safety and Regulations Section 6.1 - Personal Safety Section 6.2 - Chemical

pg. 1 pg. 2 pg. 3 pg. 4

pg. 5 pg. 6 pg. 8 pg. 8 pg. 10

pg. 12 pg. 12 pg. 13 pg. 14 pg. 15 pg. 16 pg. 16 pg. 17 pg. 30

pg. 32 pg. 32 pg. 33 pg. 34 pg. 35

pg. 35 pg. 36 pg. 37

pg. 38 pg. 38

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Introduction To General Wastewater Study Guide - December 2011 Edition

Table of Contents

Chapter 7 - Calculations Section 7.1 - Flow Conversions and Flow Rate Section 7.2 - Tank Areas/Volumes Section 7.3 - Pounds Formula Section 7.4 - Pump Rate Section 7.5 - Detention Time Section 7.6 - Percent Removal

pg. 39 pg. 39 pg. 40 pg. 40 pg. 41 pg. 41

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Introduction To General Wastewater Study Guide - December 2011 Edition

Chapter 1 - Terminology Section 1.1 - Flows and Pollutants

1.1.1

Influent Wastewater entering a treatment plant (raw sewage).

1.1.2

Effluent Treated wastewater discharged from a treatment plant to the environment.

1.1.3

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

A test that measures the organic strength of a sample by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed.

1.1.4

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) A test that measures the total amount of solids suspended in a sample.

1.1.5

pH

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a sample on a scale of 0-14 (acidic-alkaline). pH 7 is neutral.

1.1.6

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) A measure of the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.

1.1.7

Gallons per Minute (gpm)

A common measurement of wastewater flow expressed as the number of gallons flowing each minute (gpm).

1.1.8

Gallons per Day (gpd)

A common measurement of wastewater flow expressed as the number of gallons flowing each day (gpd).

1.1.9

Million Gallons per Day (MGD)

A common measurement of wastewater flow in a treatment plant, expressed as millions of gallons of wastewater flowing each day (MGD).

1.1.10

Milligrams per Liter (mg/L)

The concentration of a substance in a liquid expressed as a weight in milligrams per liter of volume (mg/L). Milligrams per liter is the same as parts per million (ppm). 1 mg/L = 1 ppm.

1.1.11

Composite Sample

A sample prepared by combining a number of grab samples, typically over a 24 hour period.

1.1.12 Grab Sample A single sample taken at a particular time and place that is representative of the current

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