Marquette University High School



Terms to Understand

Chapter 1

Prehistory

Archeology

Anthropology

Thermo-luminesence

Radiocarbon dating

Australopithecus “Lucy”

Neanderthals

Homo sapiens sapiens

Out-of-Africa Theory

Paleolithic Age

Nomads

Neolithic Revolution

Systematic agriculture

Domestication

Çatalhüyük

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Gender Roles–Neolithic Era

Culture

Civilization

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Chapter 2

Tigris and Euphrates

Mesopotamia

Fertile Cresent

Polytheism

Sumerians

City-state

Ziggurat

Theocracy

Cuneiform

Epic of Gilgamesh

Akkadians

Sargon

Babylon

Hammurabi

Patriarchal

Code of Hammurabi

Nile

Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt

Osiris-Isis-Seth

Ma’at

King Menes

Nomes

Old Kingdom

Pharaoh

Bureaucracy

Vizier - Imhotep

Mummification

Great Pyramid (Khufu)

Sphinx

Middle Kingdom

Hyksos

New Kingdom

Akhenaten

Tutankhamen

Ramses II

Women’s Roles

Hieroglyphics

Hieratic script

Rosetta Stone

Indo-Europeans

Hittites

Phoenicians

Phoenician (Language)

Israelites

United Kingdom

King Solomon

Divide Kingdom

Babylonian Exile

Monotheism

Judaism

Ten Commandments

Assyrians

Asturbanipal

Chaldeans

Hanging Gardens

Nebuchadnezzar

Persians

Cyrus the Great

Darius the Great

Satrapies

Royal Road

Immortals

Zoroaster

Zend Avesta

Ahuramazda

Ahriman

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Chapter 3

Himalayas

Indus River

Ganges River

Harrappa

Mohenjo Dahro

Aryans

Dravidians

Sanskrit

Varnas (caste)

Untouchables

Hinduism

Reincarnation

Karma

Dharma

Buddhism

Siddhārtha Gautama

Nirvana

Mauryan Empire

Candragupta Maurya

Kautilya

Artha- Shastra

Aśoka

Silk Road

Vedas

Bhagavad Gita

Kālidāsa

Aryabhata

Huang He

Chang Jiang

Shang Dynasty

Oracle Bones

Zhou Dynasty

Mandate of Heaven

Pictographs

Ideographs

Confucianism

Confucius

Daoism (Taoism)

Tao Te Ching

Laozi (Lao-Tse)

Legalism

Qin Dynasty

Qin Shihuangdi

Terra-Cotta Army

Great Wall

Gobi Desert

Xiongnu

Censorate

Han Dynasty

Liu Pang

Han Wudi

Ideas

Tech Advancements of major civilizations

Religious beliefs of civilizations

Women in civilizations

Writing forms of civilizations

Literature (religious or otherwise) in civilizations

Pessimism in Mesopotamia

Cyclical Patterns of Egypt

Burial customs of civilizations

Identify similarities and differences between the major kingdoms and empires

Questions to Ponder

1. List and describe the six (according to the text) features that are commonly attributed to civilization. In what way is civilization distinct from culture?

2. Detail several of the contributions (with regard to writing, literature, and technology) that are attributed to the Sumerians.

3. What are the major achievements that occurred during the Old Kingdom period in Egypt? Include references to governmental administration as well as material culture.

4. Name the significant Persian emperors and describe the achievements that are identified with the reign of each.

5. Explain the significance of the Aryan people: From where do they come? How do they impact the development of civilization in ancient India?

6. What are the accomplishments attributed to Indian civilization? Describe these in terms of literature, architecture, science and mathematics.

Other, bigger ideas to ponder

1. Describe how archaeologists and anthropologists understand the Neolithic Revolution with regard to dramatic changes in lifestyle patterns that result in the development of early Bronze Age civilization.

2. In what ways did the Nile contribute to the development of civilization in Egypt? Identify its geographic qualities, contributions to agriculture and communication, defensive features, and connection with the religious understanding of ancient Egyptians. Compare this to the Mesopotamian societies.

3. Explain the principles of Hinduism and Buddhism: What are the most important features of each? How are they related to one another? How are they distinct from one another?

Format of Unit Test:

Short answer, one-paragraph responses

Essay, multi-paragraph response

Maybe a little matching

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