THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL CONTEXT ON VOCATIONAL ASSESSMENT WITH ...

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL CONTEXT ON VOCATIONAL ASSESSMENT WITH

BICULTURAL LATINA/O COLLEGE STUDENTS

By

DENIS FLANIGAN

A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL

OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OF

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

2011

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? 2011 Denis Flanigan

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express appreciation to all of my committee members for their guidance

and patience. I would specifically like to thank Dr. Carlos Hernandez for his guidance with

regard to doing research with the Latino/a population. I would like to thank Dr. Marty Heesacker

for his support and encouragement. I would especially like to thank my chair, Dr. Ken Rice, for

his patience, guidance, support, encouragement, and motivation.

I would also like thank my colleagues Dr. Elizabeth Maynard for helping me retain hope,

Dr. Jennifer Sager for helping me gain perspective and offering a shoulder to cry on when things

got rough, and especially Dr. Charles E. Byrd, who was also essential in helping me stay focused

and invaluable in helping me with my statistics and who is one of my dearest friends. My

research assistants Ashley Gonzalez, Aidee Garza, Fatima Morales, and Jesus Batista made this

project possible through their assistance with data collection and data entry. It would have been

impossible for me to have completed this project without the help of Gerardo Duque who

assisted in nearly every capacity from consulting on specifics of the research design and

translations to providing a cultural perspective in interpreting some of the data.

I have been greatly encouraged by my friends; it has helped knowing that people all

across Texas were rooting for and believed in me. There is no way I could have accomplished

this without my partner Ed Crain. He has been my rock and support system, creating

opportunities for me to work on my project as well as acting as a task master at times. His love

has carried me through this project. Finally, I¡¯d like to thank the Monster Beverage Company for

getting me through many long nights and difficult mornings.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................3

LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................6

LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER

1

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................10

2

LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................19

Changing Workforce and Workplace ................................................................................20

The New Workforce ............................................................................................. 21

The New Workplace ............................................................................................. 27

Trait and Factor Theory .....................................................................................................31

Development of Trait and Factor Theories ........................................................... 31

Holland¡¯s Theory of Type and the Self-Directed Search...................................... 34

NEO PI-R and the Five Factor Theory ................................................................. 38

Contemporary Career Counseling Theories.......................................................... 41

The Effect of Situation, Culture, and Language on Personality ........................................46

Personality as a Mediator of Situational Behavior ............................................... 47

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis ................................................................................ 53

Cultural Frame Switching ..................................................................................... 60

Cultural Priming and Saliency ...........................................................................................67

Priming.................................................................................................................. 67

Stereotype Threat .................................................................................................. 69

Cultural Icons ........................................................................................................ 71

Summary and Hypotheses..................................................................................................73

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METHODS ........................................................................................................................75

Overview ............................................................................................................................75

Participants .........................................................................................................................75

Instruments .........................................................................................................................77

Demographic Questionnaire ................................................................................. 77

Self-Directed Search ............................................................................................. 77

NEO PI-R .............................................................................................................. 79

Manipulation Check .............................................................................................. 80

Procedures ..........................................................................................................................80

Recruitment ........................................................................................................... 80

Administration ...................................................................................................... 82

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RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................88

Preliminary Analyses .........................................................................................................88

Group Equivalency ............................................................................................... 91

Manipulation Check .............................................................................................. 91

Hypothesis Testing.............................................................................................................93

Hypotheses One and Two ..................................................................................... 93

Hypothesis Three .................................................................................................. 97

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DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................108

Limitations .......................................................................................................................113

Directions for Further Research .......................................................................................115

Conclusion .......................................................................................................................118

APPENDIX

A

DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE ...........................................................................119

B

IRB APPLICATIONS AND INFORMED CONSENTS ................................................121

C

SAMPLE REMINDER EMAIL ......................................................................................145

REFERENCE LIST .....................................................................................................................146

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................161

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