THE VERBAL PHRASES - REVIEW (1)

THE VERBAL PHRASES - REVIEW (1)

REMINDER: There are three kinds of verbal phrases: gerunds, participles and infinitives. A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. A participle is used as an adjective and ends in various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly. An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. ______________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in the following sentences. Then, mention what kind of verbal phrase they are, and how they are used.

1. You are difficult to understand. 2. Jack hopes to join the Army next month. 3. The Senate favors increasing taxes. 4. The broken lamp lay on the floor. 5. I saw him trying to open the trunk. 6. Are you too busy to help us? 7. The crying child rushed to his mother. 8. He jumped from the cliff without looking down. 9. Walking is good for everyone. 10.Jim loves to play basketball. 11.Correction by others is hard to take. 12.Fearing their enemies, many small animals are nocturnal. 13.Law and Order is the program to watch tonight. 14.I don't know whether to go or to stay. 15.Our next job, to finish the painting, should be easy.

ANSWER KEYS:

1. to understand is an adverb infinitive modifying the predicate adjective difficult 2. to join the Army next month is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object 3. increasing taxes is a gerund phrase used as the direct object 4. broken is a participle modifying the subject lamp 5. trying to open the trunk is a participial phrase modifying the direct object him/to open the

trunk is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object to the verbal trying 6. to help us is an adverb infinitive modifying the predicate adjective busy 7. crying is a participle modifying the subject child. 8. looking down is a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition without 9. walking is a gerund used as the subject 10.to play basketball is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object 11.to take is an adverb infinitive modifying the predicate adjective hard 12.fearing their enemies is a participial phrase modifying the subject animals 13.to watch tonight is an adjective infinitive phrase modifying the predicate nominative

program 14.to go/to stay are noun infinitives used as direct objects 15.to finish the painting is a noun infinitive used as an appositive/ painting is a gerund used as

the direct object to the verbal to finish

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