Brain - Outline Parts of the Brain

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Brain - Outline

? Cerebrum

? Cerebral cortex ? Hippocampus ? Amygdala

? Thalamus ? Hypothalamus

? Cerebellum ? Brain stem

? Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

? Pineal gland & Pituitary glands - Endocrine

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Parts of the Brain

Cerebrum

- Cerebral hemispheres

Diencephalon

- Thalamus - Hypothalamus

Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum

Brain Stem

The Brain

Mid-s agittal s ection (right half )

Ventricles of the Brain

- contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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Brain

? Control center ? Cerebrum ? 3 parts

? Cerebral cortex

? Thinking ? Conscious part of thebrain

? Hippocampus ? Amygdala

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Cerebrum

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The Brain

Ce r e b r u m ? Contains sensor y ar eas

for skin senses, vision, hear ing, olfaction ? Motor ar eas for voluntar y contr ol of m ovem ent ? Association ar eas for inter pr eting sensations, language, thinking, decision m aking, self-awar eness, cr eativity, and stor age of m em or ies

Corpus callosum ? Allows left and r ight cer ebr al hem ispher es to com m unicate with one another

Figur e 8.3 (2 of 2)

The Cerebrum

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Cerebral Gray Matter

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Cerebrum

? Functions

? Sensory area for touch, vision, hearing and olfaction ? Association area for interpreting sensations, language,

thinking, decision making, self-awareness, creativity, storing memories

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Cerebrum ? Cerebral cortex

? Thin outer layer of the cerebrum ? Most of the higher thinking and processing takes

place

? Sensory areas (post-central gyrus) ? Motor areas (pre-central gyrus) ? Prefrontal ? decision making

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Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex

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Cerebrum ? Corpus callosum

? Beneath the cortex is white matter

? Corpus callosum

? Band of white matter that connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres

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Cerebrum

The corpus callosum is a band of white matter that allows communication between the cerebral hemisperes.

Gray matter consists of interneurons, cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons that integrate information.

White matter consists of myelinated axons that allow communication over long distances.

Figur e 8.5

Cerebral Lateralization

Split Brain Video

? ?v =ZMLzP1VCAN o

Cerebrum

? Hippocampus

? Long term memory

? Amygdala

? Remembering fear and responding to it

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Limbic System ? The "Emotional Brain"

- processes strong emotions - activates physiological

responses via the hypothalamus and ANS - involved in long-term memory

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Brain - Thalamus

? Processes sensory information (except smell) ? Relays it to other areas of the brain

Brain - Hypothalamus

? 3 Functions

? Maintains homeostasis ? Regulates drives ? Controls pituitary gland secretions

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The Brain

Th a la mu s ? Pr ocesses all sensor y infor m ation (except olfaction) ? Relays infor m ation to appr opr iate higher br ain center s

Hyp o t h a la mu s ? Contr ols hear t r ate, blood pr essur e, br eathing r ate, body tem per atur e, food intake ? Is a center for em otions ? Ser ves as "m aster biological clock"

The Diencephalon

Figur e 8.3 (2 of 2)

Brain - Cerebellum

? Balance and coordination ? Refines motor skills ? New motor skills

?v =Dox3_ox8C2U

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Cerebellum

Ce r e b e llu m ? Coor dinates sensor y?m otor voluntar y m ovem ent ? Stor es m em or y of lear ned m otor patter ns

Figur e 8.3 (1 of 2)

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Brain ? Brain Stem

? 3 parts

? Medulla oblongata ? Midbrain ? Pons

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Functional Areas of the Brain Stem

? The medulla oblongata contains respiratory and c ardiovasc ular c ontrol c enters

? The pons also contains respiratory centers that interact with the primary centers in the medulla.

Brain Stem ? Medulla oblongata

? Controls many vital involuntary functions

? Breathing ? Heartbeat ? Blood pressure

? Where the crossing over point is for many neural tracks

?

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