COMPARISON OF MARK’S AND JOHN’S PASSION NARRATIVES



mark’s and john’s passion narratives.

Assignment: Find as many differences as you can. Ponder their theological and historical significance, if any. How do these differences change the character of Jesus? What do they reveal about the particular theological concerns of each evangelist?

| |PASSION NARRATIVE IN MARK |DIFFERENCES BETWEEN |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Prayer before |14: 32 They went to a place called Gethsemane; | | |12: 27-36. "Now my soul is troubled. And what should I say--' |

|arrest |and he said to his disciples, "Sit here while I | | |Father, save me from this hour'? No, it is for this reason |

| |pray." 33 He took with him Peter and James and | | |that I have come to this hour. 28 Father, glorify your name." |

| |John, and began to be distressed and agitated. 34| | |Then a voice came from heaven, "I have glorified it, and I |

| |And said to them, "I am deeply grieved, even to | | |will glorify it again." 29 The crowd standing there heard it |

| |death; remain here, and keep awake." 35 And going| | |and said that it was thunder. Others said, "An angel has |

| |a little farther, he threw himself on the ground | | |spoken to him." 30 Jesus answered, "This voice has come for |

| |and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour | | |your sake, not for mine. 31 Now is the judgment of this world;|

| |might pass from him. 36 He said, "Abba, Father, | | |now the ruler of this world will be driven out. 32 And I, when|

| |for you all things are possible; remove this cup | | |I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to |

| |from me; yet, not what I want, but what you | | |myself." 33 He said this to indicate the kind of death he was |

| |want." 37 He came and found them sleeping; and he| | |to die. 34 The crowd answered him, "We have heard from the law|

| |said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Could you | | |that the Messiah remains forever. How can you say that the Son|

| |not keep awake one hour? 38 Keep awake and pray | | |of Man must be lifted up? Who is this Son of Man?" 35 Jesus |

| |that you may not come into the time of trial; the| | |said to them, "The light is with you for a little longer. Walk|

| |spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak."| | |while you have the light, so that the darkness may not |

| |39 And again he went away and prayed, saying the | | |overtake you. If you walk in the darkness, you do not know |

| |same words. 40 And once more he came and found | | |where you are going. 36 While you have the light, believe in |

| |them sleeping, for their eyes were very heavy; | | |the light, so that you may become children of light." After |

| |and they did not know what to say to him. 41 He | | |Jesus had said this, he departed and hid from them. |

| |came a third time and said to them, "Are you | | | |

| |still sleeping and taking your rest? Enough! The | | |18:1 After Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his |

| |hour has come; the Son of Man is betrayed into | | |disciples across the Kidron valley to a place where there was |

| |the hands of sinners. 42 Get up, let us be going.| | |a garden, which he and his disciples entered. |

| |See, my betrayer is at hand." | | | |

| |Passion narrative in mark |Differences between |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Betrayal and |14:43-52. Immediately, while he was still | | |18:2-11. Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, |

|Arrest of Jesus|speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, arrived; and | | |because Jesus often met there with his disciples. 3 So Judas |

| |with him there was a crowd with swords and clubs,| | |brought a detachment of soldiers together with police from the|

| |from the chief priests, the scribes, and the | | |chief priests and the Pharisees, and they came there with |

| |elders. 44 Now the betrayer had given them a | | |lanterns and torches and weapons. 4 Then Jesus, knowing all |

| |sign, saying, "The one I will kiss is the man; | | |that was to happen to him, came forward and asked them, "Whom |

| |arrest him and lead him away under guard." 45 So | | |are you looking for?" 5 They answered, "Jesus of Nazareth." |

| |when he came, he went up to him at once and said,| | |Jesus replied, "I am he." Judas, who betrayed him, was |

| |"Rabbi!" and kissed him. 46 Then they laid hands | | |standing with them. 6 When Jesus said to them, "I am he," they|

| |on him and arrested him. 47 But one of those who | | |stepped back and fell to the ground. 7 Again he asked them, |

| |stood near drew his sword and struck the slave of| | |"Whom are you looking for?" And they said, "Jesus of |

| |the high priest, cutting off his ear. 48 Then | | |Nazareth." 8 Jesus answered, "I told you that I am he. So if |

| |Jesus said to them, "Have you come out with | | |you are looking for me, let these men go." 9 This was to |

| |swords and clubs to arrest me as though I were a | | |fulfill the word that he had spoken, "I did not lose a single |

| |bandit? 49 Day after day I was with you in the | | |one of those whom you gave me." 10 Then Simon Peter, who had a|

| |temple teaching, and you did not arrest me. But | | |sword, drew it, struck the high priest's slave, and cut off |

| |let the scriptures be fulfilled." 50 All of them | | |his right ear. The slave's name was Malchus. |

| |deserted him and fled. 51 A certain young man was| | |11 Jesus said to Peter, "Put your sword back into its sheath. |

| |following him, wearing nothing but a linen cloth.| | |Am I not to drink the cup that the Father has given me?" |

| |They caught hold of him, 52 but he left the linen| | | |

| |cloth and ran off naked. | | | |

| |Passion narrative in mark |Differences between |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Trial before |53 They took Jesus to the high priest; and all the | | |18:12-14. So the soldiers, their officer, and |

|the Jewish |chief priests, the elders, and the scribes were | | |the Jewish police arrested Jesus and bound him. |

|authorities |assembled. 54 Peter had followed him at a distance, | | |13 First they took him to Annas, who was the |

| |right into the courtyard of the high priest; and he | | |father-in-law of Caiaphas, the high priest that |

| |was sitting with the guards, warming himself at the | | |year. 14 Caiaphas was the one who had advised the|

| |fire. 55 Now the chief priests and the whole council | | |Jews that it was better to have one person die |

| |were looking for testimony against Jesus to put him to| | |for the people. |

| |death; but they found none. 56 For many gave false | | | |

| |testimony against him, and their testimony did not | | |18:19-24. Then the high priest questioned Jesus |

| |agree. 57 Some stood up and gave false testimony | | |about his disciples and about his teaching. 20 |

| |against him, saying, 58 "We heard him say, 'I will | | |Jesus answered, "I have spoken openly to the |

| |destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in | | |world; I have always taught in synagogues and in |

| |three days I will build another, not made with | | |the temple, where all the Jews come together. I |

| |hands.'" 59 But even on this point their testimony did| | |have said nothing in secret. 21 Why do you ask |

| |not agree. 60 Then the high priest stood up before | | |me? Ask those who heard what I said to them; they|

| |them and asked Jesus, "Have you no answer? What is it | | |know what I said." 22 When he had said this, one |

| |that they testify against you?" 61 But he was silent | | |of the police standing nearby struck Jesus on the|

| |and did not answer. Again the high priest asked him, | | |face, saying, "Is that how you answer the high |

| |"Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One?" 62 | | |priest?" 23 Jesus answered, "If I have spoken |

| |Jesus said, "I am; and 'you will see the Son of Man | | |wrongly, testify to the wrong. But if I have |

| |seated at the right hand of the Power,' and 'coming | | |spoken rightly, why do you strike me?" 24 Then |

| |with the clouds of heaven.'" 63 Then the high priest | | |Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.|

| |tore his clothes and said, "Why do we still need | | | |

| |witnesses? 64 You have heard his blasphemy! What is | | | |

| |your decision?" All of them condemned him as deserving| | | |

| |death. 65 Some began to spit on him, to blindfold him,| | | |

| |and to strike him, saying to him, "Prophesy!" The | | | |

| |guards also took him over and beat him. | | | |

| |Passion narrative in mark |Differences between |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Trial before |15:1-5. As soon as it was morning, the chief | | |18: 28-19: 16. Then they took Jesus from Caiaphas to Pilate's headquarters. It was early in the |

|Pilate |priests held a consultation with the elders and| | |morning. They themselves did not enter the headquarters, so as to avoid ritual defilement and to |

| |scribes and the whole council. They bound | | |be able to eat the Passover. 29 So Pilate went out to them and said, "What accusation do you |

| |Jesus, led him away, and handed him over to | | |bring against this man?" 30 They answered, "If this man were not a criminal, we would not have |

| |Pilate. 2 Pilate asked him, "Are you the King | | |handed him over to you." 31 Pilate said to them, "Take him yourselves and judge him according to |

| |of the Jews?" He answered him, "You say so." 3 | | |your law." The Jews replied, "We are not permitted to put anyone to death." 32 (This was to |

| |Then the chief priests accused him of many | | |fulfill what Jesus had said when he indicated the kind of death he was to die.) 33 Then Pilate |

| |things. 4 Pilate asked him again, "Have you no | | |entered the headquarters again, summoned Jesus, and asked him, "Are you the King of the Jews?" 34|

| |answer? See how many charges they bring against| | |Jesus answered, "Do you ask this on your own, or did others tell you about me?" 35 Pilate |

| |you." 5 But Jesus made no further reply, so | | |replied, "I am not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests have handed you over to me.|

| |that Pilate was amazed. | | |What have you done?" 36 Jesus answered, "My kingdom is not from this world. If my kingdom were |

| |6 Now at the festival he used to release a | | |from this world, my followers would be fighting to keep me from being handed over to the Jews. |

| |prisoner for them, anyone for whom they asked. | | |But as it is, my kingdom is not from here." 37 Pilate asked him, "So you are a king?" Jesus |

| |7 Now a man called Barabbas was in prison with | | |answered, "You say that I am a king. For this I was born, and for this I came into the world, to |

| |the rebels who had committed murder during the | | |testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to my voice." 38 Pilate asked |

| |insurrection. 8 So the crowd came and began to | | |him, "What is truth?" After he had said this, he went out to the Jews again and told them, "I |

| |ask Pilate to do for them according to his | | |find no case against him. 39 But you have a custom that I release someone for you at the |

| |custom. 9 Then he answered them, "Do you want | | |Passover. Do you want me to release for you the King of the Jews?" 40 They shouted in reply, "Not|

| |me to release for you the King of the Jews?" 10| | |this man, but Barabbas!" Now Barabbas was a bandit. |

| |For he realized that it was out of jealousy | | |[mocking by soldiers] |

| |that the chief priests had handed him over. 11 | | |4 Pilate went out again and said to them, "Look, I am bringing him out to you to let you know |

| |But the chief priests stirred up the crowd to | | |that I find no case against him." 5 So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple|

| |have him release Barabbas for them instead. 12 | | |robe. Pilate said to them, "Here is the man!" 6 When the chief priests and the police saw him, |

| |Pilate spoke to them again, "Then what do you | | |they shouted, "Crucify him! Crucify him!" Pilate said to them, "Take him yourselves and crucify |

| |wish me to do with the man you call the King of| | |him; I find no case against him." 7 The Jews answered him, "We have a law, and according to that |

| |the Jews?" 13 They shouted back, "Crucify him!"| | |law he ought to die because he has claimed to be the Son of God." 8 Now when Pilate heard this, |

| |14 Pilate asked them, "Why, what evil has he | | |he was more afraid than ever. 9 He entered his headquarters again and asked Jesus, "Where are you|

| |done?" But they shouted all the more, "Crucify | | |from?" But Jesus gave him no answer. 10 Pilate therefore said to him, "Do you refuse to speak to |

| |him!" 15 So Pilate, wishing to satisfy the | | |me? Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to crucify you?" 11 Jesus |

| |crowd, released Barabbas for them; and after | | |answered him, "You would have no power over me unless it had been given you from above; therefore|

| |flogging Jesus, he handed him over to be | | |the one who handed me over to you is guilty of a greater sin." 12 From then on Pilate tried to |

| |crucified. | | |release him, but the Jews cried out, "If you release this man, you are no friend of the emperor. |

| | | | |Everyone who claims to be a king sets himself against the emperor." 13 When Pilate heard these |

| | | | |words, he brought Jesus outside and sat on the judge's bench at a place called The Stone |

| | | | |Pavement, or in Hebrew Gabbatha. 14 Now it was the day of Preparation for the Passover; and it |

| | | | |was about noon. He said to the Jews, "Here is your King!" 15 They cried out, "Away with him! Away|

| | | | |with him! Crucify him!" Pilate asked them, "Shall I crucify your King?" The chief priests |

| | | | |answered, "We have no king but the emperor." 16 Then he handed him over to them to be crucified. |

| |Passion narrative in mark |Differences between |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Crucifixion |15: 21-32. They compelled a passer-by, | | |19:16b-27. So they took Jesus; 17 and carrying the cross|

| |who was coming in from the country, to | | |by himself, he went out to what is called The Place of |

| |carry his cross; it was Simon of Cyrene,| | |the Skull, which in Hebrew is called Golgotha. 18 There |

| |the father of Alexander and Rufus. 22 | | |they crucified him, and with him two others, one on |

| |Then they brought Jesus to the place | | |either side, with Jesus between them. 19 Pilate also had|

| |called Golgotha (which means the place | | |an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, |

| |of a skull). 23 And they offered him | | |"Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews." 20 Many of |

| |wine mixed with myrrh; but he did not | | |the Jews read this inscription, because the place where |

| |take it. 24 And they crucified him, and | | |Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was |

| |divided his clothes among them, casting | | |written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek. 21 Then the |

| |lots to decide what each should take. 25| | |chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, "Do not write,|

| |It was nine o'clock in the morning when | | |'The King of the Jews,' but, 'This man said, I am King |

| |they crucified him. 26 The inscription | | |of the Jews.'" 22 Pilate answered, "What I have written |

| |of the charge against him read, "The | | |I have written." 23 When the soldiers had crucified |

| |King of the Jews." 27 And with him they | | |Jesus, they took his clothes and divided them into four |

| |crucified two bandits, one on his right | | |parts, one for each soldier. They also took his tunic; |

| |and one on his left. 28 29 Those who | | |now the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from the |

| |passed by derided him, shaking their | | |top. 24 So they said to one another, "Let us not tear |

| |heads and saying, "Aha! You who would | | |it, but cast lots for it to see who will get it." This |

| |destroy the temple and build it in three| | |was to fulfill what the scripture says, "They divided my|

| |days, 30 save yourself, and come down | | |clothes among themselves, and for my clothing they cast |

| |from the cross!" 31 In the same way the | | |lots." 25 And that is what the soldiers did. Meanwhile, |

| |chief priests, along with the scribes, | | |standing near the cross of Jesus were his mother, and |

| |were also mocking him among themselves | | |his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary |

| |and saying, "He saved others; he cannot | | |Magdalene. 26 When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple|

| |save himself. 32 Let the Messiah, the | | |whom he loved standing beside her, he said to his |

| |King of Israel, come down from the cross| | |mother, "Woman, here is your son." 27 Then he said to |

| |now, so that we may see and believe." | | |the disciple, "Here is your mother." And from that hour |

| |Those who were crucified with him also | | |the disciple took her into his own home. |

| |taunted him. | | | |

| |Passion narrative in mark |Differences between |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Death |15:33-41. When it was noon, darkness | | |19:28-37. After this, when Jesus knew that all was now |

| |came over the whole land until three in | | |finished, he said (in order to fulfill the scripture), |

| |the afternoon. 34 At three o'clock Jesus| | |"I am thirsty." 29 A jar full of sour wine was standing |

| |cried out with a loud voice, "Eloi, | | |there. So they put a sponge full of the wine on a branch|

| |Eloi, lema sabachthani?" which means, | | |of hyssop and held it to his mouth. 30 When Jesus had |

| |"My God, my God, why have you forsaken | | |received the wine, he said, "It is finished." Then he |

| |me?" 35 When some of the bystanders | | |bowed his head and gave up his spirit. Since it was the |

| |heard it, they said, "Listen, he is | | |day of Preparation, the Jews did not want the bodies |

| |calling for Elijah." 36 And someone ran,| | |left on the cross during the sabbath, especially because|

| |filled a sponge with sour wine, put it | | |that sabbath was a day of great solemnity. So they asked|

| |on a stick, and gave it to him to drink,| | |Pilate to have the legs of the crucified men broken and |

| |saying, "Wait, let us see whether Elijah| | |the bodies removed. 32 Then the soldiers came and broke |

| |will come to take him down." 37 Then | | |the legs of the first and of the other who had been |

| |Jesus gave a loud cry and breathed his | | |crucified with him. 33 But when they came to Jesus and |

| |last. 38 And the curtain of the temple | | |saw that he was already dead, they did not break his |

| |was torn in two, from top to bottom. 39 | | |legs. 34 Instead, one of the soldiers pierced his side |

| |Now when the centurion, who stood facing| | |with a spear, and at once blood and water came out. 35 |

| |him, saw that in this way he breathed | | |(He who saw this has testified so that you also may |

| |his last, he said, "Truly this man was | | |believe. His testimony is true, and he knows that he |

| |God's Son!" 40 There were also women | | |tells the truth.) 36 These things occurred so that the |

| |looking on from a distance; among them | | |scripture might be fulfilled, "None of his bones shall |

| |were Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother| | |be broken." 37 And again another passage of scripture |

| |of James the younger and of Joses, and | | |says, "They will look on the one whom they have |

| |Salome. 41 These used to follow him and | | |pierced." |

| |provided for him when he was in Galilee;| | | |

| |and there were many other women who had | | | |

| |come up with him to Jerusalem. | | | |

| |Passion narrative in mark |Differences between |Passion narrative in john |

| | |Mark & John | |

|Empty Tomb |16: 1-8. When the sabbath was over, Mary| | |20:1-10. Early on the first day of the week, |

| |Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James,| | |while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene came to|

| |and Salome bought spices, so that they | | |the tomb and saw that the stone had been |

| |might go and anoint him. 2 And very | | |removed from the tomb. 2 So she ran and went to|

| |early on the first day of the week, when| | |Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one |

| |the sun had risen, they went to the | | |whom Jesus loved, and said to them, "They have |

| |tomb. 3 They had been saying to one | | |taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not |

| |another, "Who will roll away the stone | | |know where they have laid him." 3 Then Peter |

| |for us from the entrance to the tomb?" 4| | |and the other disciple set out and went toward |

| |When they looked up, they saw that the | | |the tomb. 4 The two were running together, but |

| |stone, which was very large, had already| | |the other disciple outran Peter and reached the|

| |been rolled back. 5 As they entered the | | |tomb first. 5 He bent down to look in and saw |

| |tomb, they saw a young man, dressed in a| | |the linen wrappings lying there, but he did not|

| |white robe, sitting on the right side; | | |go in. 6 Then Simon Peter came, following him, |

| |and they were alarmed. 6 But he said to | | |and went into the tomb. He saw the linen |

| |them, "Do not be alarmed; you are | | |wrappings lying there, 7 and the cloth that had|

| |looking for Jesus of Nazareth, who was | | |been on Jesus' head, not lying with the linen |

| |crucified. He has been raised; he is not| | |wrappings but rolled up in a place by itself. 8|

| |here. Look, there is the place they laid| | |Then the other disciple, who reached the tomb |

| |him. 7 But go, tell his disciples and | | |first, also went in, and he saw and believed; 9|

| |Peter that he is going ahead of you to | | |for as yet they did not understand the |

| |Galilee; there you will see him, just as| | |scripture, that he must rise from the dead. 10 |

| |he told you." 8 So they went out and | | |Then the disciples returned to their homes. |

| |fled from the tomb, for terror and | | | |

| |amazement had seized them; and they said| | | |

| |nothing to anyone, for they were afraid.| | | |

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