Conversion of Different Types of Loads - ETH Z
F4
Structural Design I
Types of Loads
p. 1 / 2
We differentiate between three different types of loads: point load (e.g. columns), line load (e.g. walls) and area load (e.g. snow).
To know what kind of force is given, we use different indications: point loads in capital letters, line loads in lower case and area loads in coated lower case.
aFrle?achloeandlasst _s uEniint:h[ekiNt:/[mkN2]/m2]
_s
lineLlionaiednslast s unitE: i[nkhNe/mit:2][kN/m]
s
pPouinntkltolaasdt FF uEniint:h[ekiNt:/m[k2N] ]
F
Fl?chenlast _g
_q
_s
Linienlast g
q
s
Punktlast G Q F
savltle?rgn?ednimdgeeierlniLecahsLteasLtast
Conversion of Different Types of Loads
area lFola?dchsenlast _s unit: [EkNin/hme2i]t: [kN/m2]
_s
liLneinileonaldasst s uEniitn:h[keNit:/m[k2N] /m]
point loaPduFnktlast F unit: [kN/Emin2]heit: [kN]
F
s
_ s = s*b [kN/m] = [kN/m2] * [m]
F = s*l [kN] = [kN/m] * [m]
LTw?onhceigcoUiehnnmvelhleazLrasumtiu_nattoeashrieernemehnalisaulenlaollnemttsaiegprtditnlthFys,sdlose?metfoncwru1htliBl,litaetnhwirpennewelglliiaoiztndesdaietethedber_srtdb.s
_ F = s*b*l [kN] = [kN/m2] * [m] * [m]
TUomcoanuvseret ainreear Flola?dchsetonlpaositn_st load F, waemneinudnellteeipPenldguiztnthioek1rtmtl.aumslttaipFnly_zssumweiitrthhdatehlrteeBnwr,ieditthebb und der L?nge ll.
TwmUemoeiumnuclnteloitpeainpPleuyvlduisezsnrtietoewklirtininttlaheemsrleltaoLnFanigndtzsihesumn1teol.aitrpshdotaeisnlrttelno,ad F L?nge l.
F4
Structural Design I
Types of Loads
Safety Factors
p. 2 / 2
The loads are divided into self weight (dead / constant load) and live load (changing load). The self-weight (roof structure) can be accurately defined, the live load (snow, wind etc.) are complicated to determine. This is the reason for different safety factors to be used:
Safety Factor Dead Load Safety Factor Live Load
G = 1.35 Q = 1.50
We differentiate between characteristic force value (index K), which has not been multiplied with safety factor and design force value (index d), which is calculated taking safety factors into account:
Dead Load
Live Load
Point Load Gd = Gk G Qd = Qk Q
Line Load gd = gk G qd = qk Q
Area Load gd = gk G qd = qk Q
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