CHAPTER 8 Correlation and Regression— Pearson and Spearman ...

notated using a lowercase r and has a value between −1 and +1. Correlations have two primary attributes: direction and strength. Direction is indicated by the sign of the r value: − or +. Positive correlations (r = 0 to +1) emerge when the two variables move in the same direction. For example, we would expect ................
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