Codes of conduct are a system of principles or rules that ...



Final Marked Requirement Review

JROTC stands for Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps.

Every MCJROTC unit is organized as either a company or battalion.

Rank is the actual title held by a Marine such as staff sergeant, lance corporal or captain.

Grade is a letter/number combination representing the pay level of the rank. An example of the grade using those same ranks would be E6, E3, and 03.

Promotions are defined by Webster as “the act of furthering the growth or development of something.” Cadets in the MCJROTC are promoted based on:

-Ability

-Skill

-Experience

-Potential

-Attitude

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Marine Corps Leadership

Leadership is the ability to influence, lead, or guide others to accomplish a mission in the manner desired by providing purpose, direction, and motivation. 

 Honor is the quality that guides Marines to exemplify ethical and moral behavior.

 

Courage is a mental quality that recognizes fear of danger or criticism, but enables a leader to proceed in the face of it with calmness and firmness. It is a quality of mind that gives leaders control over fear, enabling them to accept responsibility and to act properly in a threatening situation.

 

 

Commitment means the dedication to carry out all unit tasks and to serve the values of the country, the MCJROTC, and the unit. Commitment leads to the highest discipline for your unit and yourself.

Codes of conduct are a system of principles or rules that govern conduct.

The codes of conduct provide specific expectations or rules for appropriate behavior and the consequences for violating them.

Ethics is a set of standards or a value system by which human actions are determined to be right or wrong, good or evil.

Moral behavior is conforming to a standard of right behavior.

The following are the MCJROTC Codes of Conduct you should live by:

■ Obey the law

■ Lead by example

■ Respect yourselves and others

■ Maintain a high standard of integrity

■ Support and defend the Constitution

■ Uphold special trust and confidence

■ Place faith and honor above all else

■ Honor fellow cadets, the Corps, country, and family

Webster’s dictionary defines hymn as “a song of praise to somebody or something other than a deity.”

The Marines’ hymn is the oldest of the official songs of the U.S. Armed Services

In 1805, a small force of Marines stormed the Barbary pirates’ stronghold at Derna on the “shores of Tripoli,” and hoisted the American flag for the first time over a fortress of the Old World.

In 1929, the Commandant of the Marine Corps authorized the first official version of the Marines’ Hymn.

On November 21, 1942, the Commandant of the Marine Corps approved a change in the words of the fourth line, first verse, to read, “In air, on land, and sea.”

During the Mexican War of 1847, Marines captured and occupied the Castle of Chapultepec, otherwise known as the “Halls of Montezuma.”

First verse of the Marines Hymn is:

From the Halls of Montezuma,

To the shores of Tripoli;

We fight our country's battles

In the air, on land, and sea;

First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title of UNITED STATES MARINE.

John Philip Souza was a famous American bandmaster and composer. At age 13, his father enlisted him in the Marines as an apprentice to the U.S. Marine Corps Band, the official band of the President of the United States.

Appointed as leader of the band in 1880, he raised the level of performance and instrumentation of the band to a higher standard in his 12 years as bandmaster.

Two of Souza’s march songs that all Marines have come to know is, “Semper Fidelis” (1888) along with “The Stars and Strips Forever” (1897).

The three major components of the Marine Corps emblem are the eagle, globe, and anchor.

The Marine Corps emblem is a symbol of years of traditions and customs that are written and unwritten.

The Marine Corps emblem took its present form in 1868. Before that time many devices, ornaments, and distinguishing marks followed one another as official marks of the Corps.

In 1868, Brigadier General Commandant Jacob Zeilin appointed a board “to decide and report upon the various devices of cap ornaments for the Marine Corps.”

On November 13, 1868, the board turned in its report.

It was approved by the Commandant four days later, and on November 19, 1868, it was signed by the Secretary of the Navy.

The globe on the U.S. Marine emblem signifies service in any part of the world.

The anchor, whose origin dates back to the founding of the Marine Corps in 1775, indicates the amphibious nature of Marines’ duties.

The 60 second rule allows us to keep our heart rate up and develop muscle endurance during physical training sessions.

The 10, 8, 5 rule allows cadets to gauge the proper weight to train with to develop muscle strength and endurance during weight training sessions.

Formal commemoration of the birthday of the Marine Corps began on November 10, 1921.The date was chosen because on November 10, 1775, the Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, at Tun Tavern, authorized the raising and enlistment of two battalions of Continental Marines.

Accordingly, on November 1, 1921, Commandant John A. Lejeune issued

Marine Corps Order No. 47, Series, 1921. The order summarized the history, mission, and tradition of the Corps and directed that it be read to every command on November 10 each subsequent year in honor of the birthday of the Marine Corps. This order has been duly carried out.

Techniques speakers use to keep their audiences interested include eye contact, voice inflection, visual aides, and moving around.

Two key parts of the leadership study project were the biographical sketch and leadership analysis.

Techniques which can be used to improve eye contact with your audience include more frequent rehearsals, reducing the amount of available notes, and visual aides.

The best way to benefit from a rehearsal is to rehearse in front of an individual and receive feedback.

What are the four marksmanship sports in the Olympics?

Biathlon, cross country-skiing, and rifle shooting

Pentathlon, horse riding, fencing, swimming, running, and air pistol shooting

Archery, with bows and arrows

Shooting; 17 events for rifles, pistol, and shotguns

Large steel plates were used for early rifle targets which gave audible signals when hit.

Men and women compete equally in the sport of marksmanship; neither has an advantage over the other.

All it takes to become a skillful marksman is control, self-discipline, and the determination to succeed.

Electronic targets have acoustical sensing systems that pinpoint and score the exact location of each shot and computer systems to calculate the scores and display instant results on electronic scoreboards.

The most important goal of a safety guide or brief is to develop in you the specific attitude, knowledge, and skill needed to safely conduct shooting training.

NRA stands for the National Rifle Association.

Safety is the number one priority on and off the range, so everyone must do their part to prevent accidents.

The majority of shooting accidents are caused by ignorance and carelessness.

The NRA has developed three safety rules that should always be applied simultaneously when handling or using rifles and handguns.

-Always keep the gun pointed in a safe direction.

-Always keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.

-Always keep the gun unloaded until it is ready to use.

A safe direction means that the gun is pointed so that even if it were to go off, it would not cause injury or damage. The key to this rule is to control where the muzzle is pointed.

The mechanical safety is a mechanism that is designed to prevent a rifle from firing once it is engaged. It is engaged by locking its trigger into place. Remember, a safety is a mechanical device that can wear and fail. The safety must never be used in place of the safe gun handling rules.

-ON=Engaged=No Red (safe)

-OFF=Disengaged=Red (ready to fire)

Safety Rods (Empty Barrel Indicator) are used to ensure that rifles are not removed from the firing point or stored with a pellet in the chamber or barrel.

A properly inserted Empty Barrel Indicator (EBI) showing red tells us the weapons:

Bolt is open and to the rear

Chamber is empty

Barrel is empty

A completely safe weapon in MCJROTC is a weapon that is:

Safety engaged

Bolt open & to the rear

Chamber empty

Cocking Lever partially open

Empty Barrel Indicator (EBI) inserted

Pellet Discharge Container (PDC) is used if a shooter has a loaded rifle after the range time has expired, or if a shooter has a question as the weather his or her rifle is properly loaded, they can discharge the rifle into the PDC.

The most common air rifle that is used in MCJROTC marksmanship training is the Daisy M853 pneumatic air rifle.

The type of projectile used in the air rifle is pellets.

Pellets are made of soft lead, are 4.5 mm in diameter (.177 cal.), weigh about eight grains and possess about five foot pounds of energy when fired.

Air rifle pellets must be loaded so that the head is pointed at the target and the skirt is directed to the rear.

Parts of a target air rifle.

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The 4 steps in properly loading and firing an Air Rifle are:

-Open the Bolt

-Charge the Air Chamber

-Load the Pellet

-Release the Trigger

When a rifle is fired at a target, two special features that are characteristic of rifles make it possible for the person who fires the rifle to direct the projectile at a precise point on the target. Those features are sights and rifling.

The two different targets used in JROTC three-position air rifle shooting are the Basic Marksmanship Course target (BMC) and the Official Competition target.

To shoot rifles accurately, it is absolutely necessary to stop breathing while

aiming and releasing the trigger.

To control breathing while firing a shot, simply breathe normally and then exhale naturally then stop breathing after the breath is exhaled and hold the breath until the shot is fired.

Proper sight alignment is centering the front sight in the rear sight aperture.

A complete sight picture is placing proper sight alignment at the target so that the bulls-eye appears in the center of the front sight aperture.

Target sights have adjustment knobs that turn in increments called “clicks”.

Target sights have adjustment knobs that adjust elevation and windage.

The first rule in scoring a target is that a shot is scored according to the value of the scoring ring that it hits.

The second rule in scoring a target is that if a shot hole cuts two or three scoring rings, the shot is scored according to the value of the highest scoring ring it hits. Example:If a shot cuts both the 9 and 10 rings, it scores 10 points.

The first step in preparing to adjust your sights is to locate the center of your most recent shot group. Draw real or imaginary vertical and horizontal lines through the midpoints of the group. On shot groups with fliers, disregard any wild shots when determining the center of the group. Use the crossing point to mark the center point of the shot group.

To calculate the sight adjustment needed to move your shot group to the center of the target, take the latest target you have fired and locate the center of the shot group, then calculate and make the necessary sight adjustments to correct your shot group by following these steps:

Count the number of whole scoring rings from the horizontal line through the center of the group to the center of the target.

Multiply the number of scoring rings in vertical distance times the number of clicks per ring for the target and sight you are using (use Sight Adjustment Chart).

Count the number of whole scoring rings from the vertical line through the center of the group to the center of the target.

Multiply the number of scoring rings in horizontal distance times the number of clicks per ring for the target and sight you are using (Use Sight Adjustment Chart).

Turn the windage knob on your sight the number of clicks in the correct direction.

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Dry firing is done by opening and closing the bolt or cocking mechanism without either charging the air chamber or loading a pellet. With a cocked, but unloaded air rifle, it is possible to simulate firing a shot. This simulation or dry firing is one of the best ways to learn and practice proper shooting techniques.

The three firing positions used in a three position (10 x 3) competition are the:

-Prone

-Kneeling

-Standing

Chain of Command

President of the United States…...The Honorable George W. Bush

Vice President of the United States….The Honorable Richard B. Cheney

Secretary of Defense………………… The Honorable Donald H. Rumsfeld

Secretary of the Navy……………………The Honorable Donald C. Winters

Commandant of the Marine Corps……….General Micheal W. Hagee

Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps….General Robert Magnus

Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps………Sergeant Major John Estrada

Commanding Officer Marine Corps District 1….Colonel Craig Marshall

1st Marine Corp District Sergeant Major ……Sergeant Major Fenton Reese

1 Marine Corps District Project Officer…….Captain Ben Richardson

Senior Marine Instructor……………………Lt. Colonel Joe Innerst

Marine Instructor……………………Master Gunnery Sergeant Mark Jovich

General Orders

1. To take charge of this post and all government property in view.

2. To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert, and observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing.

3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.

4. To repeat all calls from post more distant from the guardhouse than my own.

5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.

6. To receive, obey and pass on to the sentry who relieves me all orders from the commanding officer, officer of the day, and officers and non-commissioned officers of the guard only.

7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.

8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.

9. To call the corporal of the guard in any case not covered by instructions.

10. To salute all officers and all colors and standards not cased.

11. To be especially watchful at night and, during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without proper authority.

Introducing Physical Training Exercises

Your next exercise is (Name the exercise)

It is a (#) count exercise.

I will count the cadence.

You will count the repetitions.

We will do (#) of them.

The starting position is (Describe the position).

I will demonstrate.

Starting position move.

Ready exercise

STUDY GUIDE-USMC HISTORY 1775-1848

-10 Nov 1775 the Continental Congress passed a resolution establishing 2 battalions of Marines. Location is Tun Tavern, Philadelphia, Pa.

-First Commandant was Samuel Nicholas.

-Marines take Fort Montago in the Bahamas.

-Marines fight throughout the American Revolution on ships at sea.

-Barbary pirates seized American merchant ships in 1780s and 1790s and American crews were enslaved.

-On 16 Feb 1804 Lt Stephen Decatur led 74 volunteers into Tripoli harbor to burn the captured American frigate, the Philadelphia. 1Lt Presley O Bannon was a hero in Derna. He was presented with the Mameluke sword in 1805, which is the sword carried by Marine officers today.

-United States declared war on Great Britian on 12 June, 1812 due to the impressments of American soldiers by the British.

-Marines boarded British ships and defeated the enemy.

-British did not burn the Commandant’s house out of respect for Marines.

-Lt Col Franklin Wharton established the Marine Barracks and instituted the hand salute.

-Major Archibald Henderson served as Commandant from 1820-1859.

-Indian Wars provided Marines with their first opportunity to engage the enemy as an expeditionary force.

-Nickname Leatherneck goes back to the leather stock or neckpiece that was part of the Marine uniform during the 1800s.

-In 1846 the United States annexed Texas. President Polk declared war on Mexico. He believed in Manifest Destiny, which is the right to expand the country’s borders from coast to coast.

-The Marines were involved in the largest amphibious landing for the American military before World War II at Vera Cruz, Mexico. The decisive battle was fought at Chapultapec. Marines captured Mexico City the next day, and were in “the halls of Montezuma”. Scarlet strip on officer and non commissioned officer USMC trousers honored Marines who were killed during this conflict.

USMC HISTORY 1859-1918

-During the confrontation at Harper’s Ferry, Lt Israel Greene led 86 Marines into the engine house where John Brown had fortified himself.

-Many outstanding Marine officers joined the Confederacy.

-When the USS Galena was disabled, Corporal Mackie rallied the troops and restored 3 guns and carried off the dead and wounded. Received the first Medal of Honor for a Marine.

-The Spanish American War started in 1898. Monroe Doctrine indicated that the United States should not allow European interference in the Western Hemisphere. In February, the USS Maine was blown up in Havana harbor. Sgt John Quick took his bandana and improvised a signal flag, signaling the USS Dolphin to stop firing. Marine activities on Cuba were the first instance of a Marine force being used for expeditionary reasons and landing in an amphibious operation.

-The victory at Guantanamo by a Marine unit gave added strength to those who later would advise that the capture and defense of advance bases should become the primary mission of the Marine Corps.

-The Boxers in China were patriots who tried to rid China of foreign economic, political, and religious influence.

-Marines were sent to protect the American legation in Peking. Private Dan Daly received the Medal of Honor for defending an advanced position with only one rifle.

-United States gains control of the Panama Canal for 99 years at a price of $10 million and $250,000 per year.

-United States supported a local revolutionary force to expel a Columbian force. President Roosevelt recognized Panama the next day.

-Platt amendment allowed US to intervene in Cuba if the freedom of the populace was threatened.

-Between 1914 and 1916 Marines became engaged in battles in Haiti and Mexico.Colonel John Lejeune landed at Vera Cruz, Mexico and helped in stabilizing the government. In Haiti a rebel force was brought under control under the leadership of Colonel Waller and Major Smedley Butler.

-US entered World War I in 1917. Marines were involved in trench warfare. At Belleau Wood, the Marines fought so fiercely that the Germans called them “Devil Dogs”.

-Marine Corps aviation had its beginning when Lt Alfred Cunningham arrived at the Naval Station, Annapolis, Md. On 1 Aug, 1912, Cunningham made his first solo flight.

USMC History 1920-1954

-Marines continued to serve in Latin America in the 1920s.

-Captain Lewis “Chesty” Puller was effective in combating Nicaraguan rebels during this period.

-Japanese bombarded Guam for 2 days and then sent an invasion force of 6,000 troops. 155 Marines were no match for this, and a surrender was effected on 10 December, 1941. This was the first loss of an American outpost.

-On Wake Island a Japanese force of 1500 forced surrender on 23 December.

-Japanese forces defeated a combined Philipino/American force on Bataan peninsula in 1942. Corregidor Island soon fell.

-In the great naval battle at Midway, the Japanese lost hundreds of aircraft, their best pilots, and 4 aircraft carriers.

-Guadacanal was the first American offensive. There was little resistance on the beach. 1100 Marines were killed in the ensuing battle over the next 7 months. New Georgia and Bougainville were also secured in 1943.

-In August 1943, the allies concluded that by taking the Gilbert Islands, they could reach the Marshalls and move on to the Marianas. From the Marianas, they could attack Iwo Jima and Guam. From Guam, they could attack the Japanese home islands directly. This was known as the Island Hopping Campaign.

-General Holland Smith led an invasion force of 136,000 into the Marianas, the largest number up to that time under a Marine command. Saipan was the most heavily defended island. Guam was the last island in the Marianas that the US attacked. It took 5 days for the Marines to take control of the high ground.

-At the battle of Coral Sea, the entire Japanese fleet was soundly defeated. This had the effect of stopping the Japanese expansion to the south.

-Iwo Jima was needed to provide a fighter base to protect the B-29 bombers taking off from the Gilbert Islands. Okinawa would provide a staging point for the invasion of Japan.

-Marines raised a flag on Mt Suribachi and a photographer snapped a picture. 71,000 Marines participated in the invasion and 5,000 died. On 16 March the island was declared secure. Admiral Nimitz remarked, “uncommon valor was a common virtue”.

-Okinawa was the last great battle of the war. The campaign lasted from 1 Apr to 21 Jun. As in Iwo Jima, the Japanese waited until the Marines had moved onto the island before firing. Marine Corps aviation was crucial to success. Marines shot down 82 planes at Okinawa. When Army General Buckner was killed, Marine General Geiger became the only Marine officer to ever command a field Army.

-The 38th parallel was known as the bamboo curtain separating the democratic government of South Korea from the communists to the north.

-The 1st Division would land at Inchon and fight to the Pusan perimeter, while the 8th Army would fight out of the Pusan perimeter. This was a “hammer and anvil” strategy.

-The Marines, using fighter bomber support, were able to eliminate the 4th North Korean Division. This secured the Pusan perimeter.

-Inchon was invaded on 15 Sep. This invasion lasted 3 months and 4 days. Plan now was to advance to the Yalu River, the border with China. Marines moved north to take the hydroelectric plant at the Chosin Reservoir. Colonel Chesty Puller’s First Marines were strung out along the main supply route. 8 divisions of Chinese then poured out of the mountains. Puller commented, “They have us surrounded, they won’t get away this time.”

-Cease fire took effect 27 July, 1953. Helicopters were used for the first time during this conflict.

USMC History 1955-1990

-During an attempted coup in the Dominican Republic, the Marines were called in to protect US citizens. 1200 civilians were evacuated. 8,000 troops assisted in restoring order.

-The Geneva agreement signed in Aug 1954 divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel. In 1964 the USS Maddox suffered an unprovoked attack by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. This resulted in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave President Johnson the authority to deal with any aggression from Vietnam.

-Operation Starlite at Chu Lai represented the successful use of the theory of vertical envelopment, using helicopters to insert Marines behind enemy lines.

-The Pacification Program was an effort to align the villages of South Vietnam with the Republic of Vietnam. Operation Golden Fleece was designed to protect the rice harvest. Operation Operation County Fair helped citizens with health and sanitation problems.

-In 1965, 38,000 Marines were deployed to Vietnam.

-Marines held Khe Sanh despite an overwhelming enemy force in April 1968.

-Vietnamization called for the unilateral withdrawal of American troops and greater responsibilities for the South Vietnamese Army.

-Operations Frequent Wind and Eagle Pull evacuated the embassies from South Vietnam and Cambodia.

-In May 1975Cambodians boarded and seized the US merchant ship Mayaguez and captured her crew in international waters. Marines were involved in the recovery of the crew and an assault on a Cambodian position on Kotang Island.

-In Nov 1979 9 Marines and 43 civilians were held hostage for 444 days by radicals at the US embassy in Tehran, Iran.

-On 23 Oct, 1983 a yellow 5 ton Mercedes truck crashed into the Marine headquarters building in Beirut, Lebanon. 218 Marines were killed. Marines were there to provide security for the fledging Lebanonese government.

-Operation Urgent Fury directed that a battalion sized Marine force land on Grenada on 25 Oct. 4 days later the island was under control.

-Operation Just Cause in Panama was designed to bring Panama’s dictator and drug dealer, Manuel Noriega, to trial in Florida. Marine Light Armored Vehicles (LAVs) were used extensively in this operation.

USMC HISTORY-DESERT SHIELD, DESERT STORM, SOMALIA

-On 2 Aug, 1990, Saddam Hussein sent 120,000 troops and 2,000 tanks into Kuwait. He announced that Kuwait was Iraq’s 19th province. Operation Desert Shield grew rapidly to become the largest deployment since Southeast Asia.

-30 countries joined the coalition forces.

-Operation Desert Shield was a show of force designed to prevent Iraq from invading Saudi Arabia.

-General Robert Johnston was Central Command’s Chief of Staff.

-Operation Desert Storm included massive air attacks designed to cripple Hussein’s offensive and defensive forces.

-Lieutenant General Boomer was the senior Marine commander. The air attack commenced on 16 Jan 1991. The ground attack was initiated on 24 Feb 1991 and lasted 100 hours. 2 Marine Divisions were involved. There were 79,751 Marines involved.

The ground attack was called Operation Desert Saber.

-Operation Provide Relief was designed to provide humanitarian aid to starving Somalis. It was a failure as the humanitarian aid was hijacked by 5 different revolutionary groups.

-Marines deployed to Somalia in Operation Restore Hope to reduce the famine and prepare the way for a UN peacekeeping force. US forces were introduced into Somalia.

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