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DEA 1500 Exam 1 Sample Essay Questions Fall 2020For each DEA 1500 exam, several essay questions will be distributed ahead of time. A portion of those questions are included here. Others will follow. Typically, 8-10 questions will be distributed. For the actual exam, you will be asked to write the answers to four of the questions. No notes, outlines, or other materials can be used during the exam. You will not be able to choose which four questions to answer. The exam will be two hours in length. You will be required to answer the questions on your own during the exam. Study groups. You are encouraged to prepare your answers to these questions with others in small groups. Any exceptions to group preparation are noted in bold. The same example from two persons for the BOLD component of question will be considered a violation of Academic Integrity. It is fine to discuss your example with someone else and give each other feedback. But on the exam, your answer needs to be unique.Professor/TA assistance. Please remember that your discussion section TAs have been instructed not to spend time on the exam questions. That is not the purpose of the sections. It is fine to ask me or the graduate TAs about the exam questions. Note: Quick queries via e mail or right before or after class are ok but not ones that are going to require a lengthy response. Please note if you wait until the last minute and then bombard me or the graduate TAs with e-mails, I will not be able to help you because of time. For some questions, you are asked to generate a design guideline. The criteria for a good design guideline are described in the first project assignment in the Discussion section 3 & 4 tab on the course website. There are also examples of design guidelines in this same section. Plus, we have put a marvelous example of design guidelines, Cooper, C. Housing as if people mattered on Mann Library Reserve. It is available online. Finally, we discuss Design guidelines in class. At a minimum, the design guideline for the exam needs to include: Succinct and clear behavioral or performance guideline Define the primary HER process your guideline reflectsDescribe in terms of that HER processes, the rationale for the guidelineComment about how people with different social identities might be affected differently by your guideline (note: this is an example of person X environment interaction) or explain why you think the guideline is likely to apply similarly to most people, i.e.., the guideline is likely universal..Draw how to implement the guideline (your sketch needs to make sense; it does not need to be beautiful). Remember there are examples of good student design guideline sketches for Assignment 1 on the course website under Assignment Tab. Remember however Assignment 1 requires additional information for Design Guidelines. For the exams, you only need to address a – e.NOTE: we will print design guideline requirements for the exam on each prelim so no need to memorize a-e above. 1. a. Define environmental determinism. b. Give two examples of research from lecture/reading demonstrating environmental determinism and explain why/how they show environmental determinism. You cannot use the fictitious example below. c. This table depicts the percentage of adult birds that can see the color red as a function of the color of the environment they were raised in at different ages (e.g. 10% of adult birds can see the color red if between the ages of 3-10 weeks they had been reared in an environment of blue light)Percentage of adult birds who can see the color red. Rearing Environment Age of Exposure Red Light Blue Light birth-3 weeks 100 100 3-10 weeks 100 10Describe the relationship between these data and the following:i. environmental determinismii. plasticityiii. critical period. Be very specific, which combinations of data show each of these concepts and explain why. Caution: usually to show some effect, you have to have a control or a comparison condition. In the present example if red light has some specific or unique effect, you are going to need evidence that blue light has an effect that is different than red light’s effect. The data on red light alone are unlikely to be sufficient. d. Change the percentages in a new table to show environmental determinism but no critical period. Explain why these changes indicate environmental determinism but not a critical period. Be specific. e. Make a new table or set of tables showing evidence with adult humans that there is a critical period for early experience of color during childhood and the ability to see color as an adult. However cognitive appraisal is also an important factor in adult ability to see certain colors. Explain how your data show evidence for a critical period for color vision in adult humans that is also affected by cognitive appraisal.2. a. Using information from the course (reading/lecture) describe separate examples of how religion, gender, and culture (ethnicity) can influence home design. b. For one of your examples, explain how it relates to the concepts of both manifest and latent function. Make sure you answer demonstrates your understanding of manifest and latent function. Nb. relates to could mean your example does not fit well with manifest or latent function. That is fine as long as you explain why. c. Generate some hypothetical data on user satisfaction with your example from part b. to illustrate how a user-designer gap could emerge from this one design element drawing upon course material for religion, gender, or cultural factors. Explain why/how your data illustrate this gap. d. Using the same design element as in part c., generate hypothetical user satisfaction data for another social identity factor other than the one you used (religion, gender, culture) that does not lead to an apparent user-designer gap. Explain why your data suggest no such gap. e. Why do user-designer gaps occur more often for latent than manifest function?Describe a situation where this imbalance would be less likely. Explain your answer.3. Many college students experience dormitories as institutional or low in homeyness. Take four, different, specific physical elements of the dorm where you currently or previously lived and do the following:With respect to Mc Cracken’s theory of homeyness, explain design elements that relate to why each of these four features is not home like.For one of these specific physical elements, describe some social identity characteristic that you think would modify occupant’s reactions to this element and explain how these reactions might vary. Use a figure or table and generate some hypothetical data to show evidence of a person x environment interaction. Relate the personal characteristic to research in readings or lecture that would suggest your hypothetical idea is likely to be correct. Describe precisely how that research relates to your example. Using the residence where you lived when you were 16 years old, describe (i). one design element of the residence that worked well for you and/or your family and (ii). one element that did not work so well. Analyze each of these two design elements in terms of one of the following HER processes: environmental stimulation, homeyness, personal space, territoriality, privacy, or defensible space. In your description define the HER process and explain why your example illustrates it. For the design problem in part 3, write a design guideline about how to improve residential design for your family. See instructions at the top re: what needs to be in a design guideline for exams. 4. a. What are two similarities and two differences between human personal space and human territoriality? b. How does privacy theory link personal space and territoriality together? c. What would you expect the personal space behavior of dormitoryroommates to be like under the following different scenarios and tell me why. Compare the two different conditions for each scenario: i. they established well defined territories vs. they failed to establish well defined territories early in their time as roommates ii. they have a high vs. a low ceiling in their room iii. they are from the same vs. different cultural backgrounds iv. they have relatively healthy mental health vs. they are psychotic v. there are four vs. two roommates in the same sized room5. a. What is one physical and one mental health consequence of poor housing quality? b. Take one physical health outcome of bad housing and indicate whether most people are affected in the same way or if there are subgroups of individuals who might be particularly vulnerable to these harmful effects (person x environment interaction). Discuss why most people would be similarly affected or why you think certain subgroups might be more vulnerable. c. Explain three reasons why high-rise housing sometimes leads to mental health issues. d. Take one of these reasons and explain how you would change the design of theBuildingTake the same reason or another one of the three and explain how you would change the design of the Individual apartmentto reduce mental health problems.Explain you think each of your re-design ideas might help in terms of privacy. 6.Evaluate this lounge in a university dormitory in terms of territoriality. Note: the doors to the lounge open to the outside (at top of photograph) and the lounge is at the end of a long corridor with no nearby student rooms.What type of territoriality (primary, secondary, tertiary) is this room supposed to illustrate? Explain your answer. Describe two design features that you believe support the type of territory this room should represent and two design features that you believe might detract from the type of desired territory? Explain why these four design features support or detract from the desired type of territory.Give one example of marking behaviors people might engage in given the type of territory this space. Then select a different marking behavior people might engage in if the space was functioning as a different type of territory. Explain what alternative type of territory you are referring to in the second example. Evaluate this room in terms of another HER process other than territoriality. In your analysis explain how the design of the room plays a role in relation to your chosen HER process. If you need to make any assumptions about the space to help explain your answer, that is fine, just be explicit. 7.Imagine you arrive at your Airbnb and find this home (pictured above). Describe one or more design elements in this home that relate to the HER processes of privacy and personal space. Describe one social identity that might be salient for responding to the Airbnb in terms of privacy. Explain your answer. Describe/illustrate two specific design changes you would make for two different exemplars of the social identity you identified in part b. Explain why you think these might work for one characteristic of a person vs. another. Take another element of the design of this home not related to any of the HER processes we have discussed to date in class. Tell me whether you personally would like or dislike this design element. Generate a description of an HER process that you would use to explain how/why this element would affect you. 295275503555008.Describe one way each of these HER Processes privacy, territoriality, and personal space relate to this environment.If a school hired you to redesign this dorm, describe changes you would make to enhance each one of these HER processes: environmental stimulation, privacy, territoriality, and personal space? This means you describe 4 changes in total. Provide evidence from readings or lecture that each of these redesign ideas should enhance a particular HER process. What is programming? How might it relate to your answers to part b.? Same for Post-occupancy evaluation – what is it and how might it relate to part b? How would people with two different characteristics of the same social identity (e.g. male vs. female; white vs. person of color) react to staying in this living environment? Note: do not assume they would necessarily be different. For some aspects of the setting the reactions might be similar and for others different.Describe evidence from lecture or readings to support your answer.9.Pretend you are a criminal. How is this space conducive for criminal activity? You are permitted to make assumptions about this space, but clearly state your assumptions.Generate a design guideline for this stairwell to increase its defensible space.Assume the owners of the building implemented your ideas to improve the defensible space of the stairway. Generate hypothetical data to show the impact of your design. This means you need a table or a graph. You can measure the impact on either criminals or residents of the building.Based on your data in part c, does the impact of your design intervention illustrate cognitive appraisal, environmental determinism, or both of these principles? Explain your reasoning. 10. a. Define programming and post-occupancy evaluation (POE). b. What are the potential relations of each of these activities to the user-designer gap? c. What are their potential relations of each of these to incongruence or poor person-environment fit? d. Describe four research findings based on dormitory POE research and relate each one to a different HER process. Explain how/why the POE findings are related to each HER process. e. Imagine you conduct a POE of a dorm and find evidence of incongruence or poor person-environment fit. Provide and explain some hypothetical data with a table or a graph from the POE that reveals evidence of this incongruence. f. Use one or more HER processes to explain your answer in part (e). ................
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