Percent Yield and Limiting Reagents
[Pages:15]Percent Yield and Limiting Reagents
February 17, 2011 Chapter 12
February 19, 2015
LIMITING REACTANTS
Limiting Reactants
? The substance that is used up first is the limiting reactant
? The substance that is left over after the reaction is the excess reactant
Something to Think About
? Given: 3 meat patties, 4 hamburger buns, 6 cheese slices, and 7 tomato slices
? Question: How many sandwiches can be made if each sandwich MUST have: 1 bun, 1 meat patty, 1 cheese slice, and 2 slices of tomato?
Cheeseburger Problem
? What ingredient(s) are left over (in excess)? How much of each is left?
? 1 bun, 3 cheese slices, 1 tomato
? What ingredient(s) are used completely (limiting)?
? Meat patties
Steps for Solving Limiting Reagent Problems
Limiting Reactant Problems involve 2 steps:
1. Identify the Limiting Reactant (LR)
? Calculate the number of moles obtained from each reactant in turn
? The reactant that gives the smaller amount of product is the Limiting Reactant
2. Calculate the amount of product obtained from the Limiting Reactant
? Set up a mole ratio to solve the problem
Example Problem #1
? A 1.4g sample of magnesium is treated with 8.1g of hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. How many grams of hydrogen are produced?
__Mg(s) + __ HCl(aq) __ MgCl2(aq) + __ H2(g)
Example Problem #1
? Balance the equation
Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
1.4 g 8.1 g
x g?
? Change masses of reactants in moles
Mg:
Limiting Reactant
1.4 g_ = 0.0576 Moles
24.3 g
HCl: Excess Reactant 8.1 g_ = 0.222 Moles 36.5 g
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