Tell when to use Pearson’s X², the possible research ...
Tell when to use Pearson’s X², the possible research hypotheses for this statistical model, and when X² can be used to test each type of Research Hypothesis (attributive, associative and causal).
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1. Pearson's Chi-Squared is used in a between groups design when testing for a pattern of relationship between two qualitative variables. Attributive: never, Correlational/association: always, Causal: never.
2. We use Pearson's X^2 when there is two qualitatative variables. The reserach hypothesis will talk about a pattern of relationship between the two variables. The possible research hypothesis for this model is there is a asymmetric pattern of relationship, there is a symmetric pattern of relationship between the two variables, and there is no pattern of relationship between the two variables. Pearson's X^2 can be used to test any associative research hypothesis, and can be used to study a causal research hypothesis providing that the causal study has no confounds, random assignment of individuals, and everything needed to make a good study.
3. A chi-square is used when we have between groups conditions and we wish to look for patterns between these groups. We would be looking at qualitative data such as gender and how it might effect voting habits. Using a convergence table, we could place the data side by side in order to see if there are significant patterns as defined by the chi-square value. We cannot test attributive RH but we can test for both causal and associative relationships using the chi-square procedure assuming the research design is appropriate.
4. One should use Pearson's chi-square when comparing two qualitative variables. When you use chi-square you're looking for patterns in the relationship between the variables and the hypotheses should be formulated around this premise.
5. Pearson's chi-squared is to be used when two qualitative variables are being compared. The results can be then shown on a contingency table, and it can be determined whether the research hypothesis is reflected in the study. The hypothesis would deal with patterns of relationships between the variables.
6. Pearson's Chi Squared can be used to determine if there is a significant pattern of relationship between two qualitative variables. The possible research hypotheses for this model are: 1) comparitive, in which it can be hypothesized that there is a symmetrical relationship, in which there is a pattern of relationship in each column or row (more men will be greek than non-greek and more women will be non-greek than greek), an asymmetrical relationship, where there is a pattern of relationship in one column or row, but not the other (more men will be greek than non-greek but women will be equal), or finally that there will be no pattern of relationship between either variable (men and women will be equally divided between greek and non-greek); 2) there are also percentage comparisons, in which the same comparisons are possible as in part 1, but with proportions rather than numbers (i.e. a higher percentage of men will be greek and a lower percentage of women will be non greek, etc.). A Pearson't Chi Squared can never be used to test an attributive hypothesis, it can always be used to test an associative hypothesis, and it can only be used to test a causal hypothesis if it is for a true experiment (RA of individuals, by the researcher, before manipulation of the IV, and no confounds).
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