Essential Mathematics for the Australian Curriculum



Cambridge Essential Mathematics / HOTmaths Integrated program

for the Australian Curriculum Year 8

1 Aims of the program and suggestions for use

Cambridge HOTmaths teacher and student subscriptions are available to bundle with the Cambridge Essential Mathematics for the Australian Curriculum textbook series. This program integrates the content of the two resources, suggesting which HOTmaths topics, lessons, widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets could be used with the textbook topics. It is provided for the use of teachers and students (and parents).

A Cambridge HOTmaths student account allows students to use the full range of HOTmaths content in class or at home, and enables the teacher to use the Progress Tracker (a learning management system) to monitor students’ work and topic quiz scores. (Parents can also track their own child’s work). This makes it an ideal homework and revision resource.

A Cambridge HOTmaths teacher account allows HOTmaths to be run on one computer in a classroom, and is particularly useful when delivered via data projectors and interactive whiteboards.

|Examples of activities which can be done with student accounts on |Suggestions of types of activities to do in class (which can be |

|individual computers at home or in class: |accomplished with a teacher account): |

|Revisit work from earlier terms or years where requisite prior |Revise work from earlier years. |

|knowledge is lacking. |Display an interactive WIDGET in class to illustrate a concept. |

|Do a HOTmaths lesson as homework to prepare for a lesson using the |After going through a widget, print out multiple copies of an |

|textbook. |accompanying HOTsheet to work through |

|Do a TOPIC QUIZ or a test from the TEST GENERATOR (new in 2011) as |Display a interactive WALKTHROUGH example for the class to suggest |

|homework or classwork. |answers for the embedded questions. |

|Do SCORCHER quizzes for homework, or when other assignments have |Use the TEST GENERATOR (new in 2011) to print out a test to do on |

|been finished early. |paper |

|Do a HOTmaths lesson to catch up on missed work. |Display and discuss the HOTmaths lesson notes as an alternative to |

|Revise and prepare for tests and exams using HOTmaths lessons. |the textbook topic introduction. |

|Try the alternative approach of an interactive WIDGET or WALKTHROUGH|Set advanced students to work as a group on higher level HOTmaths |

|when having difficulty grasping a concept or learning a skill. |activities while the rest of the class tackles foundation/standard |

|Use the DICTIONARY to test and reinforce understanding of |work. |

|mathematical terminology and use the links provided to see |Set foundation-level students to work as a group revisiting previous|

|mathematical terms in use. |work (including previous years) while the rest of the class tackles |

|Match work to ability levels. |other work. |

Notes: The HOTmaths lessons contain other resources which teachers may prefer to use instead of or in addition to those listed in this program. The lessons accessed via the HOTmaths/Essential maths menu are selected from HOTmaths’ lesson database. The last column in the program shows the names which the lessons have in HOTmaths’ standard menu.

Please notify any errors in this draft or provide feedback to: rparry@

The exact design and appearance of the menus and lessons may change.

Check periodically for updates to this program at:

cambridge.edu.au/hotmaths or cambridge.edu.au/go

2 How to use the integrated program

From Term 1 2011, the HOTmaths menus will allow you to select Essential Maths and the year level. You will then be offered a menu based on the structure of the textbook.

|1 In the textbook, note the topic/lesson number of the |[pic] |

|section you are in | |

|(1.3 in this case). | |

|The HOTmaths icon indicates there | |

|is linked content for the topic. | |

| | |

|Note: | |

|The example on this page is taken from Year 7 | |

|2 Log on to HOTmaths and choose Essential Maths and the year|[pic] |

|level | |

|and the chapter (topic). | |

| | |

|3 Choose the lesson number. |[pic] |

|Where more than one | |

|HOTmaths lesson links to | |

|a textbook lesson the latter is | |

|divided into parts A, B, C, etc., | |

|as in the case of 1.3. | |

|4 The matching HOTmaths lesson will open under the textbook headings: |

|[pic] |

Notes

1 Purpose of this document Although it will not be necessary to use this document to navigate to the right HOTmaths lesson, teachers should still check it for notes on the widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets to use.

2 HOTmaths lessons For the Progress Tracker and other features to work, all widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets have to be accessed from within HOTmaths lessons. In the Essential Maths program these are the same as HOTmaths’ ‘native’ lessons, as shown in column 4 of the program. Having been written independently of the textbooks, they may include some higher or lower level material.

3 Overlap between years HOTmaths’ content is structured on two-year levels whereas the AC and Essential Maths is structured on single years, so some HOTmaths lessons are used with both Year 7 and 8 of Essential Maths. In most cases this program suggests an allocation of different widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets in a shared lesson to each year, but there is also some repetition of resources.

4 HOTmaths questions and tests The questions and tests are based on the complete HOTmaths lesson. Because not all of the lesson is aligned with Essential Maths, before doing HOTmaths questions and tests, teachers are advised to check their scope and levels.

5 Time allocation for the lessons This program is an integration of content rather than time. The textbook and integrated program together contain more material than can be covered in a year. HOTmaths lessons have been selected not for what will fit a the time available, but for the fit of their content with the textbook content. Teachers will still need to select material to fit the periods and homework time available. It is envisaged that teachers might use the textbook more for some topics and HOTmaths more for others, so that students are exposed to a balance of textbook-style and interactive resources. The large size of the resource also ensures that all abilities and all learning styles are catered for.

6 Frequent updates HOTmaths is a dynamic resource which is continually updated, and during 2011 coverage of the AC will be strengthened, and this will be reflected in updated versions of this program.

3 Cambridge Essential Mathematics Year 8 / HOTmaths Integrated Program

Key (note that HOTmaths may be abbreviated to Hm)

|NUMBER AND ALGEBRA |Australian Curriculum strand |[pic] |Widgets (interactives) |

|Number and place value |Australian Curriculum substrands | | |

|1.1 Number systems |Textbook lesson/topic numbers/titles, also used in the |[pic] |Walkthroughs–-interactive |

| |HOTmaths Essential Maths menu | |examples–-‘WT’ for short |

|A Egyptian & Mayan |Subtitle used where more than one HOTmaths lesson links |[pic] |HOTsheets (worksheets) |

| |to textbook lesson | | |

|[pic] [pic] |Indicates some resources (yellow star) or all resources (orange star) of the lesson are in Year 7 as well |

|6.2 Simplifying ratios |Grey shading and font indicates a textbook lesson, e.g. 6.2, that employs resources from a HOTmaths unit already |

| |linked in the menu to a previous textbook lesson. |

|3.3 Operations with negative fractions|Light yellow shading indicates a textbook lesson without a linked HOTmaths lesson because, for instance, it is |

| |under development |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|CHAPTER 1: WHOLE NUMBERS NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Number and place value |

|1.1 Whole number |[pic] Split and add robot |[pic] |WHOLE NUMBERS: |

|A Add |[pic] WT1 Total of three 3-digit numbers | |Adding whole numbers |

| |[pic] Addition puzzles | | |

| B Subtract |[pic] Subtraction using trading |[pic] |WHOLE NUMBERS: |

| |[pic] WT3 Use decomposition | |Subtracting whole numbers |

| |[pic] Subtraction puzzles | | |

|1.2 Whole number |[pic] Multiplying by 2 digits |[pic] |WHOLE NUMBERS: |

|A Multiply |[pic] Tricks for multiplying quickly | |Multiplying whole numbers |

| B Divide |[pic] Recording division |[pic] |WHOLE NUMBERS: |

| |[pic] WT2 Divide by 140 using short steps | |Dividing whole numbers |

| |[pic] Division tricks | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|1.3 Number properties |[pic] Finding the HCF |[pic] |EXPLORING NUMBERS: |

|A HCF |[pic] WT1 HCF of 3 numbers | |Highest Common Factor (HCF) |

| |[pic] Investigating HCFs | | |

| B LCM |[pic] Hundred grid |[pic] |EXPLORING NUMBERS: |

| |[pic] Overlapping multiples | |Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) |

| C Cubes |[pic] WT1 Estimate a cube root | |EXPLORING NUMBERS: |

| |[pic] Cube roots on the number line | |Cube roots |

|1.4 Divisibility and prime |[pic] Factor trees for 90 |[pic] |EXPLORING NUMBERS: |

|factors |[pic] WT3 Discover values of mystery numbers | |Factor trees |

| |[pic] Listing factors | | |

|1.5 Negative numbers |[pic] Positioning integers |[pic] |INTEGERS: |

| |[pic] Sorting integers | |What are directed numbers? |

| |[pic] Graphing inequalities | | |

| |[pic] Number line | | |

| |[pic] WT1 Using the number line | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Greater or less than | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|1.6 Addition and subtraction of|[pic] Integer cards |[pic] |INTEGERS: |

|negative integers |[pic] Integer card games |Lesson covers negative and |Add & subtract positive integers|

|A Positive integers |[pic] Using the number line |positive integers | |

| |[pic] WT1 Evaluating expressions | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Temperature | | |

| B Negative integers |[pic] Exploring adding & subtracting integers |[pic] |INTEGERS: |

| |[pic] Using number patterns & integers | |Two signs together |

| |[pic] Using embers and ice | | |

| |[pic] Using the number line | | |

| |[pic] WT1 Add negative to negative | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Subtract negative from positive | | |

|1.7 Multiplication and division|[pic] Expression calculator with brackets | |INTEGERS: |

|of integers |[pic] WT1 Train journey for multiplying by a negative | |Multiplying integers |

|A Multiplication |number | | |

| B Divide |[pic] Expression calculator with brackets |[pic] |INTEGERS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Division with integers | |Dividing integers |

|1.8 Order of operations |[pic] Ordering operations with integers |[pic] |INTEGERS: |

| |[pic] WT2 Evaluate expression containing powers and | |Mixing the operations |

| |integers | | |

| |[pic] Card game: Mixing it up | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|CHAPTER 2: LINES,SHAPES AND SOLIDS MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY Geometric reasoning |

|2.1 Angles at a point |[pic] Combining angles |[pic] |ANGLES: |

| |[pic] Angle theorems | |Some angle relationships |

| |[pic] WT1 Angles about a point | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Using facts about angles | | |

|2.2 Parallel lines |[pic] Parallel line angles |[pic] |ANGLES: |

| |[pic] WT2 Use angle properties | |Angles in parallel lines |

| |[pic] Constructing parallel lines | | |

|2.3 Triangles |[pic] Triangle and term match-up | |PLANE SHAPES & TRIANGLES: |

|A Classifying |[pic] Triangle properties | |Classifying triangles |

| |[pic] WT1 Triangles from folded paper | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Describe triangles using information provided | | |

| B Angle sum |[pic] Exploring triangles |[pic] |PLANE SHAPES & TRIANGLES: |

| |[pic] It all adds to 180° | |Angle sum of a triangle |

| C Exterior angle |[pic] Exterior angles of triangles | |PLANE SHAPES & TRIANGLES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Determine size of exterior angle | |Exterior angles of triangles |

| |[pic] A proof | | |

|2.4 Unique triangles |[pic] Straw triangles |[pic] |M.S REASONING IN GEOMETRY: |

| |[pic] Constructing triangles |This lesson is based on |Tests for congruent triangles |

| |[pic] Does it all add up? |congruence rather than unique | |

| |[pic] Angle sum of a triangle |triangles. | |

| |[pic] WT1 Use angle sum to determine unknown angles | | |

|2.5 Quadrilaterals |[pic] It all adds to 360° |[pic] |EXPLORING QUADRILATERALS: |

|A Angle sum |[pic] Angle sum of a quadrilateral | |Angles sum of a quadrilateral |

| |[pic] WT1 Determine size of angle in a quadrilateral |NB: A large number of resources| |

| |[pic] WT2 Use angle properties to determine values of 2 |are listed for lesson 2.5, with| |

| |pronumerals |the intention that a selection | |

| | |will be made | |

| B Trapeziums & kites |[pic] Exploring kites | |EXPLORING QUADRILATERALS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Properties of kites to determine perimeter | |Exploring trapeziums & kites |

| |[pic] WT2 Properties of isosceles trapezium | | |

| |[pic] Studying trapeziums | | |

| |[pic] Studying kites | | |

| C Parallelograms & rectangle |[pic] Exploring parallelograms |[pic] |EXPLORING QUADRILATERALS: |

| |[pic] Exploring rectangles | |Exploring parallelograms & |

| |[pic] WT1 Properties of rectangles and parallelograms | |rectangles |

| |[pic] Studying parallelograms | | |

| |[pic] Studying rectangles | | |

| D Rhombuses & Squares |[pic] Exploring rhombuses |[pic] |EXPLORING QUADRILATERALS: |

| |[pic] Exploring squares | |Exploring rhombuses & squares |

| |[pic] WT1 Use properties of a rhombus | | |

| |[pic] Studying rhombuses | | |

| |[pic] Studying squares | | |

|2.6 Polygons |[pic] Polygon slices | |REASONING IN GEOMETRY: |

| |[pic] WT1 Rule for angle sum in a hexagon | |Angles in polygons |

| |[pic] Angle sum | | |

|2.7 Solids |[pic] Cross sections |[pic] |3D SHAPES: |

|A Classify Shape |[pic] WT1 Name some solids | |Classifying solids |

| |[pic] Solids around us | | |

| B Euler’s rule |[pic] Describing 3D shapes | |3D SHAPES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Check Euler’s formula | |Faces, edges & vertices |

| |[pic] Euler’s formula | | |

|CHAPTER 3 FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Real numbers |

|Money and financial mathematics |

|3.1 Equivalent fractions |[pic] Exploring equivalent fractions |[pic] |FRACTIONS: |

| |[pic] Comparing fractions | |Equivalent fractions |

| |[pic] Exploring equivalent fractions | | |

| |[pic] WT1 Complete equivalent | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Fractions in simplest form | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Portions of a diagram | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Portions of a group | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|3.2 Operations with fractions |[pic] Adding unlike fractions |[pic] |FRACTIONS: |

|A Addition |[pic] All the same pieces |NB: A large number of resources|Adding & subtracting fractions |

| |[pic] Patterns when adding fractions |are listed for lesson 3.2, with| |

| | |the intention that a selection | |

| | |will be made | |

| B Add mixed numbers |[pic] Adding & Subtracting mixed numerals |[pic] |FRACTIONS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Mental strategies to add | |Adding & subtracting mixed |

| |[pic] Combing or removing | |numerals |

| C Multiply |[pic] Whole number × fraction |[pic] |FRACTIONS: |

| |[pic] Multiplying two fractions | |Multiplying fractions |

| |[pic] WT1 Whole number × fraction | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Fraction × fraction | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Fraction of a length | | |

| D Multiply mixed numbers |[pic] Multiplying mixed numerals | |FRACTIONS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Using a mental strategy | |Multiplying mixed numerals |

| |[pic] WT2 Two mixed numerals | | |

| E Divide 1 (divide by simple |[pic] Comparing multiplying and dividing fractions | |FRACTIONS: |

|fractions |[pic] WT1 Divide whole no. by ¼ | |Dividing by simple fractions |

| |[pic] WT2 Two methods to divide mixed numeral by a | | |

| |proper fraction | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Share cakes | | |

| F Divide 2 (division |[pic] Investigating reciprocals | |FRACTIONS: |

|involving fractions) |[pic] Finding a method | |Divisions involving fractions |

| |[pic] WT1 Divide mixed numeral by whole number | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Length of a rectangle given its width and area| | |

|3.3 Operations with negative | |Not covered in a single lesson | |

|fractions | | | |

|3.4 Understanding decimals |[pic] Decimal Abacus |[pic] |DECIMALS: |

|A Place value |[pic] WT1 Words to numbers |NB: A large number of resources|What is the point? |

| |[pic] WT2 Place value in subtraction |are listed for lesson 3.4, with| |

| | |the intention that a selection | |

| | |will be made | |

| B Decimals to fractions |[pic] Decimals to fractions |[pic] |DECIMALS |

| |[pic] WT1 Fraction in lowest terms | |Changing decimals to fractions |

| |[pic] WT2 Mixed numerals | | |

| |[pic] What’s with all the zeros? | | |

| C Fractions to decimals |[pic] Different methods for converting |[pic] |DECIMALS |

| |[pic] Changing fractions>decimals | |Changing fractions to decimals |

| |[pic] Matching fractions & decimals | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Changing to a decimal | | |

| D Ordering |[pic] The numbers between |[pic] |DECIMALS |

| |[pic] Numbers between numbers | |Ordering decimals |

| |[pic] WT1 Filling the tank | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Dots on the number line | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|3.5 Operations with decimals |[pic] Adding decimals |[pic] |DECIMALS |

|A Addition and Subtraction |[pic] Decomposing decimals | |Adding & subtracting decimals |

| |[pic] WT1 Add decimals using columns |NB: A large number of resources| |

| |[pic] WT2 Subtract decimals |are listed for lesson 3.5, with| |

| |[pic] Using patterns to add |the intention that a selection | |

| | |will be made | |

| B Multiply |[pic] Moving decimals places |[pic] |DECIMALS |

| |[pic] WT2 Convert m to cm | |Multiplying & squaring decimals |

| |[pic] WT2 Decimal fraction of a day | | |

| |[pic] Mind versus calculator race | | |

| C Divide |[pic] Moving decimal places |[pic] |DECIMALS |

| |[pic] WT1 Divide by a multiple of 100 | |Strategies for decimal divisions|

| |[pic] WT2 Divide decimal by decimal | | |

| |[pic] Dividing into decimals | | |

|3.6 Terminating, recurring and |[pic] Rounding off |[pic] |DECIMALS |

|rounding decimals |[pic] WT1 Round to 2 dp | |Rounding decimals |

|A Rounding |[pic] WT2 Find an area and round | | |

| |[pic] When should you round off? | | |

| B Recurring |[pic] Fraction to decimal converter | |DECIMALS |

| |[pic] WT1 Record recurring decimals | |Introducing recurring decimals |

| |[pic] WT2 Rewrite fraction as recurring decimal | | |

| |[pic] Which fractions become recurring decimals? | | |

|3.7 Percentages |[pic] Percentage/fractions/ decimal connection | |PERCENTAGES: |

| |[pic] Ordering types of fractions | |Fractions/decimals/percentages |

| |[pic] WT1 Compare and arrange fractions, decimals and | | |

| |percentages | | |

| |[pic] Exploring the connection | | |

|3.8 Percentages |[pic] Mental magic & manipulation |[pic] |APPLYING PERCENTAGES: |

|A Find % of |[pic] WT1 Discount on sale using mental strategy | |Percentage of a quantity |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate with different | | |

| B Express as % |[pic] What percentage is it? |[pic] |APPLYING PERCENTAGES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Compare two percentage savings. | |One amount as a percentage of |

| |[pic] WT2 One amount as % of another with different | |another |

| |units | | |

| |[pic] This as a percentage of that | | |

|3.9 Decreasing and increasing |[pic] Increasing & decreasing distance | |APPLYING PERCENTAGES: |

|by percentages |[pic] WT1 Use 2 methods to increase a number | |Percentage increase & decrease |

| |[pic] WT2 Increase then decrease by % | | |

| |[pic] Compare the two methods | | |

|3.10 Calculating percentage | |Not included as a separate | |

|change | |lesson. See WT1 in lesson 3.8B.| |

|3.11 Percentages and the |[pic] Find the whole bar | |APPLYING PERCENTAGES: |

|unitary method |[pic] WT1 Find full amount given a % | |Finding the whole amount |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate original cost price | | |

| |[pic] Estimating the whole | | |

|CHAPTER 4 MEASUREMENT AND INTRODUCTION TO PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM |

|MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY Using units of measurement |

|NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Real numbers |

|4.1 Length and perimeter |[pic] Length converter |[pic] |LENGTH, PERIMETER & AREA: |

|A Length |[pic] WT1 Convert m to mm |HOTsheet ‘Lengthy challenges’ |Length |

| |[pic] WT2 Record measurement on tape measure |could be used. | |

| B Perimeter |[pic] Toothpick puzzle |[pic] |LENGTH, PERIMETER & AREA: |

| |[pic] Building perimeters | |Perimeter problems |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate the perimeter | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Length of a rectangle from its width & | | |

| |perimeter | | |

|4.2 Circumference of circle |[pic] Filling the diameter on the circle | |CIRCLES & CYLINDERS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Find circumference given diameter | |Pi and the circumference |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate radius given circumference | | |

| |[pic] Estimating pi | | |

|4.3 Area |[pic] WT1 Convert km2 to m2 |[pic] |LENGTH, PERIMETER & AREA: |

|A Convert units |[pic] WT2 Convert hectares to km2 |NB: A large number of resources|Converting area units & |

| | |are listed for lesson 4.3, with|estimating |

| | |the intention that a selection | |

| | |will be made | |

| B Rectangles and Squares |[pic] Comparing areas and perimeters | |LENGTH, PERIMETER & AREA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate area of composite shape | |Area formulas for rectangles & |

| |[pic] WT2 Find length of square given area | |squares |

| |[pic] Explore area and perimeter | | |

| C Formula for triangle |[pic] An investigation of area |[pic] |LENGTH, PERIMETER & AREA: |

| |[pic] Investigating areas of triangles | |Formula for area of a triangle |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate area from base and height | | |

|4.4 Area of special |[pic] Understanding the formula |[pic] |LENGTH, PERIMETER & AREA: |

|quadrilaterals |[pic] WT1 Calculate area from base and height | |Areas of parallelogram |

|A Parallelogram |[pic] WT2 Perpendicular height given area and base |NB: A large number of resources| |

| |[pic] Driving the formula |are listed for lesson 4.4 with | |

| | |the intention that a selection | |

| | |will be made | |

| B Kite and rhombus |[pic] Determining area of a kite | |PERIMETER & AREA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate area of kite | |Area of a kite & rhombus |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate are of rhombus | | |

| |[pic] Deriving the area of a kite | | |

| C Trapezium |[pic] Determining the area of a trapezium | |PERIMETER & AREA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate area of trapezium | |Area of trapezium |

| |[pic] Investigating the area of a trapezium | | |

|4.5 Area of a circle |[pic] Estimating the area of a circle | |CIRCLES & CYLINDERS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Approximation of area of a circle | |Area of a circle |

| |[pic] Predicting the area | | |

|4.6 Sectors and composite |[pic] Areas of sectors | |PERIMETER & AREA Areas of parts |

|shapes |[pic] WT1 Area of sector from subtended angle and circle| |of circles |

| |area | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Area of sector from radius & subtended angle | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Radius from area of sector & subtended angle | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Area of composite shape (two semicircles) | | |

|4.7 Surface area of a prism |[pic] Observing surface areas | |VOLUME & SURFACE AREA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Surface area of rectangular prism | |Surface area of closed & open |

| |[pic] WT2 Surface area of open triangular prism | |prisms |

| |[pic] Surface areas | | |

|4.8 Volume and capacity |[pic] Volumes of rectangular prisms | |VOLUME & SURFACE AREA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Volume of two prisms made of metre cubes | |Volume, capacity & rectangular |

| |[pic] WT2 Use the formula to find the volume of a | |prisms |

| |rectangular prism | | |

|4.9 Volume of prisms and |[pic] Volume of any prism | |VOLUME & SURFACE AREA: |

|cylinders |[pic] WT1 Volume of a pentagonal prison | |Volume of any prism |

|A Any prisms |[pic] WT2 Volume of a hexagonal prism | | |

| B Cylinders |[pic] Changing the volume | |CIRCLES & CYLINDERS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Approximate the volume of a cylinder | |Volume of a cylinder |

| |[pic] WT2 Approximate the radius of a cylinder | | |

|4.10 Time |[pic] Motions of the Earth & Moon | |TIME: |

|A Units |[pic] WT1 Convert 12-h time to 24-h time | |Units of time |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate seconds in a week | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Number of days between dates | | |

| B Calculations |[pic] Stopwatch | |TIME: |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate & length of time between two times | |Time calculations |

| C Time zones |[pic] Time around the world | |TIME: |

| |[pic] WT1 Use flight schedule to determine times | |Time zones |

| |[pic] WT2 Use time in one place to find time in another | | |

|4.11 Introduction to |[pic] Demonstrating Pythagoras’ theorem | |PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM: |

|Pythagoras’ theorem |[pic] WT1 Write the equation apply Pythagoras’ theorem | |What is Pythagoras’ theorem? |

| |[pic] WT2 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to test for | | |

| |right-angled triangle | | |

|4.12 Using Pythagoras’ theorem |[pic] Length of the hypotenuse | |PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM: |

| |[pic] WT1 Determine length of hypotenuse | |Length of the hypotenuse |

| |[pic] WT2 Find distance between places on map | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|4.13 Finding the length of a |[pic] Calculating the height up a cliff |The lesson covers the length of|PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM: |

|shorter side |[pic] WT1 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to determine a side |any side |Length of any side |

|A Any side | | | |

| B Problems |[pic] Applying Pythagoras’ theorem |The unknown side in the lesson |PYTHAGORAS’ THEOREM: |

| |[pic] WT1 Find perimeter of a right angled triangle |could be any side. |Pythagoras, perimeter & area |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate area of right angled triangle | | |

|CHAPTER 5 ALGEBRA NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Number and place value; Patterns and algebra |

|5.1 The language of algebra |[pic] Expressions using pronumerals |[pic] |INTRODUCING ALGEBRA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Write expressions for consecutive even numbers| |Words in algebra |

| | | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Specific and general questions | | |

| |[pic] Algebra translator | | |

|5.2 Substitution |[pic] Substituting into expressions |[pic] |INTRODUCING ALGEBRA: |

|A Introduction |[pic] Substituting one value | |Substitution |

| |[pic] Substituting two values | | |

| |[pic] WT1 Substitute integers | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Area of a trapezium | | |

| B Substitution and equivalent|[pic] Equivalent expressions |[pic] |INTRODUCING ALGEBRA: |

|expressions |[pic] WT1 Cups and counters | |Equivalent expressions |

| |[pic] Equidominoes | | |

|5.3 Adding and subtracting |[pic] Collecting like terms |[pic] |INTRODUCING ALGEBRA: |

|terms |[pic] WT1 Simplifying expressions | |Adding & subtracting terms |

| |[pic] WT2 Checking substitution | | |

| |[pic] Magic puzzles | | |

| |[pic] Addition & Subtraction squaresaw | | |

|5.4 Multiplying and dividing |[pic] Multiplying and dividing terms | |INTRODUCING ALGEBRA: |

|terms |[pic] WT1 Simplify an algebraic expression | |Multiplying & dividing terms |

| |[pic] WT2 Simplify expression with addition and division| | |

| |[pic] Algebra flowcharts | | |

|5.5 Adding and subtracting |[pic] WT1 Use algebraic fractions | |MANIPULATING ALGEBRA: |

|algebraic fractions |[pic] WT2 Simplify algebraic fractions | |Algebraic fractions |

|A Intro |[pic] Picturing algebraic fractions | | |

| B Adding and subtracting |[pic] Adding & subtracting algebraic fractions | |ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSSIONS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Add algebraic fractions with same denominator | |Adding & subtracting fractions |

| |[pic] WT2 Subtract one algebraic fraction from another | | |

| |[pic] Which common denominator? | | |

|5.6 Multiplying and dividing |[pic] Multiplying algebraic fractions | |ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSSIONS: |

|algebraic fractions |[pic] WT1 Find product of 2 algebraic fractions | |Multiplying & dividing fractions|

| |[pic] WT2 Multiply algebraic fractions with pronumeral | | |

| |in denominator | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Multiply 2 algebraic fractions with common | | |

| |factors | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Divide algebraic fractions | | |

| |[pic] Missing bits | | |

|5.7 Expanding brackets |[pic] Expanding |[pic] |MANIPULATING ALGEBRA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Substitute to check | |Removing grouping symbols |

| |[pic] WT2 Using areas to check | | |

| |[pic] Expanding | | |

|5.8 Factorising expressions |[pic] Factorising using groups | |MANIPULATING ALGEBRA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Complete factorisation 4 expressions | |Introducing factorising |

| |[pic] WT2 Factorise an expression | | |

| |[pic] Factoronimoes | | |

|5.9 Applying algebra |[pic] WT1 Prove 2 expressions are not equivalent | |MANIPULATING ALGEBRA: |

| |[pic] WT2 Check if 2 expressions are equivalent | |Linking algebra & number rules |

| |[pic] Where order matters | | |

| |[pic] Relating algebraic calculations | | |

|5.10 Index laws: multiplying |[pic] Multiplying and dividing with indices | |INDICES: |

|and dividing powers |[pic] WT1 Simplify product of two terms | |Multiplying & dividing terms |

| |[pic] WT3 Simplify division of terms | | |

|5.11 Index laws: raising powers|[pic] WT1 Simplify expression with a numeric base and a | |INDICES: |

| |power raised to another power | |Powers upon powers |

| |[pic] WT2 Rewrite term with pronumeral base and | | |

| |numerical index raised to another power. | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Expand expression in index form with | | |

| |coefficient, all raised to another power. | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Combine index laws to simplify | | |

| |[pic] Checking solutions using index rules | | |

|CHAPTER 6 RATIOS AND RATES NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Real numbers |

|6.1 Introducing ratios |[pic] What is a ratio? |This Hm lesson is used for 6.1 |RATIOS & RATES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Use ratios to compare quantities of flowers |and 6.2. |What is a ratio? |

| |[pic] Ranking ratios | | |

|6.2 Simplifying ratios |Go to 6.1 | |RATIOS & RATES: |

| |[pic] WT2 Simplify three ratios | |What is a ratio? |

| |[pic] Matching ratios | | |

|6.3 Dividing a quantity in a |[pic] Sharing marbles | |RATIOS & RATES: |

|given ratio |[pic] WT1 Determine composition of boys and girls in a | |Using ratios |

| |class | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Create a ratio to determine unequal shares | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Find amount of components of cement | | |

|6.4 Scale drawings |[pic] WT1 Determine the dimensions of a house | |RATIOS & RATES: |

| |[pic] WT2 Create a scale drawing of a cubby house | |Scale expressed as ratios |

| |[pic] Solve patterns by drawing a scale | | |

|6.5 Introducing rates | |This Hm lesson includes some |RATIOS & RATES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Rate to calculate number of cattle |material relating to 6.6 and |Introducing rates |

| |[pic] WT2 Rate to calculate cost of filling a fuel tank |6.7 | |

| |[pic] WT3 Express loss of water as a rate | | |

| |[pic] Rate problems | | |

|6.6 Ratios and rates and the | |Lesson 6.5 has some material | |

|unitary method | |relating to 6.6 | |

|6.7 Solving rate problems | |Lesson 6.5 has some material | |

| | |relating to 6.7 | |

|6.8 Speed |[pic] Racing cars | |NUMBER NOTATIONS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Convert L/min into mL/s | |Converting rates |

| |[pic] WT2 Convert m/s into km/h | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Convert µg/m3 to kg/km3. | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Convert kL/h into US gallons/day | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|CHAPTER 7 EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Linear and non-linear |

|relationships |

|7.1 Equations review |[pic] WT1 Decisions about opposite operations |Apart from the resources |EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES: |

| |[pic] What was the starting number? |listed, the rest of the lesson |Working backwards |

| | |covers ‘working backwards’. | |

|7.2 Equivalent equations |[pic] Equations crossword |[pic] |EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES: |

| |[pic] Matching equations & solutions | |A formal approach |

| |[pic] Reversing the operations | | |

| |[pic] Solving equations | | |

| |[pic] WT1 2-step equation (multiplication & | | |

| |subtraction) | | |

| |[pic] WT2 pronumerals on both sides | | |

|7.3 Equations with fractions |[pic] Equations with two fractions |[pic] |LINEAR EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES:|

| |[pic] WT3 Equation with fraction on either side | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Equation with 3 fractions | |Equations with fractions |

| |[pic] What went wrong? | | |

|7.4 Variables on both sides |[pic] Keep it balanced |WT2 in 7.2 also relates to this|EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES: |

| |[pic] Add to the balance |lesson |Keeping the balance |

|7.5 Equations with brackets |[pic] Techniques in solving linear equations |[pic] |LINEAR EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES:|

| |[pic] Solving equations with brackets | | |

| |[pic] WT1 Solve equations with one set of grouping | |Equations with brackets |

| |symbols | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Solve linear eq. with 1 set grouping symbols | | |

| |multiplied by a negative number | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Solve linear eq. with 2 sets grouping symbols | | |

|7.6 Formulas and relationships |[pic] WT1 Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit |[pic] |EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES: |

| |[pic] WT2 Value of variable in formula | |Equations & formulas |

| |[pic] A pyramid problem | | |

|7.7 Applications |[pic] WT1 Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit |[pic] |EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES: |

| |[pic] WT2 Find the value of one variable in a formula | |Equations to solve problems |

| |[pic] Have equation, will solve | | |

|7.8 Inequalities |[pic] Solving and graphing inequalities | |EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Solve inequality & graph on number line | |Introducing inequalities |

| |[pic] WT2 Solve problem using inequality | | |

| |[pic] Writing and graphing inequalities | | |

|7.9 Solving inequalities |[pic] Solving inequalities |This lesson comes from middle |LINEAR EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES:|

|A What is an inequality? | |secondary, so the walkthroughs | |

| | |and HOTsheets may be more |Inequalities |

| | |difficult | |

| B Problems using inequalities |[pic] Checking solutions to inequalities |This lesson comes from middle |LINEAR EQUATIONS & INEQUALITIES:|

| | |secondary, so the walkthroughs | |

| | |and HOTsheets may be more |Extending inequalities |

| | |difficult | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Chance; |

|Data representation and interpretation |

|8.1 Interpret |[pic] Exploring column graphs | |DATA |

|A Column graphs |[pic] WT1 Describe information in a column graph | |Picture & column graphs |

| |[pic] Exploring column graphs | | |

| B Divided bar graphs |[pic] Reading divided bar graphs | |DATA |

| |[pic] WT1 Divided bar graph using simple proportioning | |Reading divided bar graphs |

| |[pic] WT2 Questions about information in a divided bar | | |

| |graph | | |

| |[pic] Bars and data | | |

| C Sector graphs (pie charts) |[pic] Reading sector graphs | |DATA |

| |[pic] WT1 Interpret sector graph | |Introducing sector (pie) graph |

| |[pic] Going in circles | | |

| D Line graphs |[pic] Exploring line graphs | |DATA |

| |[pic] WT1 Water levels in a dam. | |Line graphs |

| |[pic] Reading and drawing line graphs | | |

|8.2 Frequency tables and |[pic] Creating frequency tables | |REPRESENTING DATA: |

|tallies |[pic] WT1 Use tallied results to create frequency table | |Frequency tables |

| |[pic] WT2 Create frequency table from raw data | | |

| |[pic] Frequency tables | | |

|8.3 Histograms |[pic] Creating histograms and polygons |The lesson also includes |REPRESENTING DATA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Read information from histogram |frequency polygons |Histograms & polygons |

| |[pic] WT2 Create histogram & polygon from table of data | | |

| |[pic] Reading histograms | | |

|8.4 Measures of centre |[pic] Moving the mean |[pic] |ANALYSING DATA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Calculate & compare means | |Exploring the mean |

| |[pic] WT2 Calculate new mean after one more score added | | |

| |[pic] Mean problems | | |

|8.5 Measures of spread |[pic] Changing data |[pic] |ANALYSING DATA: |

| |[pic] WT1 Find range, mode and median |Interquartile range not |The mode, median & range |

| |[pic] WT2 Complete three sets of data to satisfy |included in lesson. | |

| |conditions | | |

| |[pic] Measures of centre and spread | | |

|8.6 Surveying and sampling | |Not currently included in | |

| | |HOTmaths, to be added later | |

|8.7 Probability |[pic] Probability marble jar |[pic] |CHANCE: |

| |[pic] Probability | |Theoretical probability |

| |[pic] WT1 Probability of a random event | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Use collected data to determine probability | | |

| |[pic] Spreadsheet: Dice simulation | | |

|8.8 Multiple events | |Not currently included in | |

| | |HOTmaths, to be added later | |

|8.9 Tree diagrams | |Not currently included in | |

| | |HOTmaths, to be added later | |

|8.10 Venn diagrams and two-way |[pic] Creating Venn diagrams |Currently the lesson focuses on|SETS: |

|tables |[pic] WT1 Determine relationship between two sets |sets rather than probability |Comparing sets |

|A Introduction to sets and Venn|[pic] WT2 Venn diagrams: elements, union, intersection |and does not include 2-way | |

|diagrams |[pic] The language of sets |tables | |

| B Using Venn diagrams |[pic] Shading Venn diagrams |Currently the lesson focuses on|SETS: |

| |[pic] WT1 Identify sets, union of two sets and |sets rather than probability |Using Venn diagrams |

| |complement of a Venn diagram |and does not include 2-way | |

| | |tables | |

|8.11 Experimental probability | |Experimental probability is not| |

| | |yet covered as a separate | |

| | |lesson | |

|CHAPTER 9 STRAIGHT LINE GRAPHS NUMBER AND ALGEBRA Linear and non-linear relationships |

|9.1 The number plane |[pic] The four quadrants | |THE NUMBER PLANE: |

| |[pic] WT1 Give coordinates of four points | |All four quadrants |

| |[pic] WT2 Coordinates of hidden treasure | | |

| |[pic] Positioning points | | |

|9.2 Rules, tables and graphs |[pic] Graphing y = 1 – x | |THE NUMBER PLANE: |

| |[pic] Graphing y = x/4 | |Graphs from equations |

| |[pic] WT1 Complete table of values for an equation | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Graph an equation on the number plane | | |

| |[pic] How many points? | | |

| |[pic] Graphing lines | | |

|9.3 Finding the rules using |[pic] Discovering the equation of a line | |THE NUMBER PLANE: |

|tables |[pic] WT1 Determine equation using three points on the | |Equations from lines |

| |line | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Use graph & tables of values to determine the | | |

| |equation | | |

| |[pic] Equations from graphs | | |

|9.4 Gradient |[pic] Calculating gradient | |NUMBER PLANE:CALCULATIONS |

| |[pic] WT1 Determining positive, negative or zero | |Gradient using graphs |

| |gradient | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Gradient of interval from a graph | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Gradient of interval by first plotting end | | |

| |points | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Gradient using two different points on a line | | |

| |[pic] WT5 Draw a line given a particular gradient | | |

| |[pic] Exploring gradient | | |

|9.5 y = mx + c |[pic] Comparing lines and equations |NB: A large number of resources|NUMBER PLANE:STRAIGHT LINES |

|A Reading the equation |[pic] WT1 Determine similarities in equations of lines |are listed for lesson 9.5, with|Reading the equation |

| |[pic] WT2 Determine similarities of equations of |the intention that a selection | |

| |parallel lines |will be made | |

| |[pic] WT3 Determine the gradient y-intercept from an | | |

| |equation | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Determine whether two linear equations | | |

| |represent parallel lines | | |

| |[pic] WT5 Match a linear equation to its graph | | |

| |[pic] Comparing lines and equations | | |

| B Determining the equation |[pic] Equation of line from the graph | |NUMBER PLANE:STRAIGHT LINES |

|from the graph |[pic] WT1 Determine the gradient of a line | |Determining the equation |

| |[pic] WT2 Determine the equation of a line through the | | |

| |origin | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Determine the equation of a line passing | | |

| |through two given two points | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Determine the equations of vertical and | | |

| |horizontal lines | | |

| |[pic] WT5 Determine the equation of a line to predict a | | |

| |value beyond the graph | | |

| |[pic] What is the equation? | | |

|9.6 The x-intercept |[pic] WT1 Recognise & describe intercepts |The lesson covers slope and |NUMBER PLANE:STRAIGHT LINES |

| |[pic] WT3 Draw a line from its slope & intercept |y-intercepts as well |Slopes & intercepts |

|9.7 Applying linear graphs | |Applying linear graphs not | |

| | |currently covered as a separate| |

| | |lesson | |

|9.8 Non-linear graphs |[pic] Graphing a curve |Exploring types of curves |NUMBER PLANE: CURVES: |

| |[pic] WT1 Drawing a curve using a table of values | |Plotting curves |

| |[pic] WT2 Complete a table of values for an exponential | | |

| |equation | | |

| |[pic] Exploring types of curves | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|CHAPTER 10 TRANSFORMATION AND CONGRUENCE MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY |

|Geometric reasoning |

|10.1 Reflection |[pic] Reflecting shapes |[pic] |TRANSFORMATIONS & SYMMETRY: |

| |[pic] Lines of symmetry | |Reflection & symmetry |

| |[pic] WT1 Position of objects reflection | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Determine axes of symmetry | | |

| |[pic] Reflecting triangles | | |

|10.2 Translation |[pic] Translation |[pic] |TRANSFORMATIONS & SYMMETRY: |

| |[pic] WT1 Decide whether diagrams represent translation |This lesson does not include |Translation |

| | |the number plane or vectors. | |

|10.3 Rotation |[pic] Rotation |[pic] |TRANSFORMATIONS & SYMMETRY: |

| |[pic] Order of rotational symmetry | |Rotation & symmetry |

| |[pic] Rotation patterns | | |

| |[pic] WT1 Movements of hands of a clock using degrees of| | |

| |rotation | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Select the correct images that show two | | |

| |specified rotations | | |

| |[pic] Construct a pinwheel | | |

| |[pic] Flipping and turning | | |

|10.4 Congruent figures |[pic] WT1 Transformations that superimpose shapes | |CONGRUENT & SIMILAR SHAPES: |

| |[pic] WT2 Use congruence to determine the size of | |Congruent shapes |

| |angles, sides | | |

| |[pic] In the world around you | | |

| |[pic] Using transformation to show congruence | | |

|10.5 Congruent triangles |[pic] Constructing triangles |[pic] |REASONING IN GEOMETRY: |

| |[pic] WT1 Determine which congruency test applies | |Tests for congruent triangles |

| |[pic] WT2 Determine which triangles are congruent | | |

| |[pic] WT3 Use congruence to find side lengths | | |

| |[pic] Straw triangles | | |

|10.6 Similar figures |[pic] WT1 Calculate angle sizes to determine similarity | |CONGRUENT & SIMILAR SHAPES: |

|A Defining similar shapes |[pic] WT2 Show similarity by comparing triangle sides | |Which shapes are similar? |

| |[pic] Matching similar shapes | | |

| B Scale factors |[pic] Applying scale factors | |REASONING IN GEOMETRY: |

| |[pic] Using a centre of enlargement | |Scale factors for similar |

| |[pic] WT1 Determine scale factor for two similar | |figures |

| |triangles | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Determine the height of an object | | |

| |[pic] Using scale to estimate height | | |

| |[pic] Scale factors and areas | | |

|Essential Maths 8 |HOTmaths widgets, walkthroughs and HOTsheets suggested |Notes |Equivalent TOPIC & Lesson in |

|CHAPTER & lesson (sections in |for use with Essential Maths | |HOTmaths (Early Secondary unless|

|textbook) | | |stated) |

|10.7 Similar triangles |[pic] Similar triangle calculator | |REASONING IN GEOMETRY: |

| |[pic] WT1 Determine whether triangles are similar using | |Similar triangles |

| |their angle sizes | | |

| |[pic] WT2 Use ratios of corresponding sides to determine| | |

| |similarity | | |

| |[pic] WT4 Use ratios in similar triangles to calculate a| | |

| |side | | |

| |[pic] Measuring the immeasurable | | |

|10.8 Congruence and | |Congruence and quadrilaterals | |

|quadrilaterals | |are not yet specifically | |

| | |covered in HOTmaths | |

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