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UNIT 5 – TIMBRE: VOICES AND INSTRUMENTSVOICES36252151270000 People have voices of different pitch: the voices of women, girls and boys are higher than those of men, for example. Not only that, some women have higher voices than others, and men’s voices vary similarly. Choral music is most commonly written for voices of four different ranges: soprano, alto, tenor and bass: SATB. . The most common type of choir is a four-part combination of sopranos, altos (female voices), tenor and basses (male voices).ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS1.- STRING INSTRUMENTS The string section is the largest group in the orchestra. Violins, violas, cellos and double basses are primarily played with a bow but, like the harp, can also be plucked. The left hand is used to stop the strings in order to change their vibrating length and hence the pitch of the notes. INSTRUMENTS615315149860violin: with four strings tuned in fiths, violins are agile and versatile, and can play two or three notes simultaneously.63436512065viola : the alto of the family, the viola is tuned a fith below the violin.It has a darker , richer sound than the violin.4343407620cello :tuned an octave below the viola, the cello is the bass of the violin family. It is also capable of playing virtuoso passages.4724407620double bass or bass:although properly a member of the viols, the double bass has been adopted as the lowest -pitched voice of the violin family.5010156985The harp has been a much-used instrument in the orchestra. The modern orchestral harp has 47 strings with seven pedals for altering the pitches of the strings. 2.- WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS. Woodwind instruments are derived form basic blown pipes and can be made form a wide variety of materials. Many produce their sound by means of vibrating “reed”. In some works, composers may call for additional woodwind instruments, such as saxophones.INSTRUMENTS-Reed:flute piccolo - single reeds: single reeds use a cane reed, held over a slot in the mouthpiece by a ligature and placed against the player is lower lip. clarinet - double reeds: the oboe and bassoon families have a double reed, consisting of two pieces of shaped cane strapped together , which is held gently between the lips.english horn oboe bassoon 3.- BRASS INSTRUMENTS. Brass instruments consist of a length of metal tubing ending in a flared bell. They use a slide mechanism or valves, which engage additional lengths of tubing to extend their range.The air column is set in motion by vibrating the lips against a cupped mouthpiece. While they can be played subtly, brass instruments are often used for power and dramatic effect.INSTRUMENTStrumpet : French horn : trombone : tuba: 4.- PERCUSSION AND KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS. The percussion section adds rhythmic vitality and drive to the orchestra.INSTRUMENTSCommonly-used percussion instruments in addition to those listed include:DEFINITE PITCH: xylophone, marimba, glockenspiel, vibraphone, celesta, tubular bells, timpani.INDEFINITE PITCH: triangle, tambourine, castanets, gong, snare drum, crash cymbals, wood block, bass drum, maracas.5.- NON-ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS. Some of the most widely-used instruments are not regular members of the standard orchestra, for example the guitar, saxophone and recorder. The piano is another example, although it very often appears as a soloist with an orchestra, e.g. in a concerto. Other keyboard instruments are the harpsichord, clavichord and organVIDEOSNow, we are going to listen to the different sounds of the instruments that we have learnt.I have tried to use fun and interesting videos and I hope that you enjoy it.Voice: INSTRUMENTS:Violin: and viola: : bass : INSTRUMENTS:Flute: : : : and Tuba: : drum: QUESTION 1The four voices that form a choir are:_________________ __________________ _________________________ _________________________The lowest bowed string instrument is the ________________________________________ has 47 coloured strings.The reed is made of ______________ and is placed in the ____________________The lowest double reed instrument is the ___________________Violin and viola are played using a __________The opened end of brass instruments is called __________________ Write one pitched percussion instrument _________________________________Write one unpitched percussion instrument ______________________________ QUESTION 2After watching the links that I have shown you, you have to add at least 5 more links here. I will be marking for originality, creativity, uniqueness. Basically the same that I have shown you.Enjoy, and send me the answers and your doubts toandresprietoprofesordemusica@I will answer as soon as possible. ................
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