Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Periodic Table

Kaysons Education

Basic Concept of Periodic Table

Chapter

1

Basic Concept of Periodic

Table

Day - 1

Periodic Table

1. Classification of Element and Periodicity in Properties

Periodic table may be defined as the table which classifies the entire known element in accordance with their properties in such a way that element with similar properties are grouped together in the same vertical columns and dissimilar element are separated from one another.

1.1 Periodic Table

1.2 Periodicity of Properties

As per modern periodic law, physical and chemical properties of the element are a periodic function of their atomic number i.e., if the element are arranged in order of their increasing atomic number the element with similar properties are repeated after certain regular intervals.

1.3 Cause of Periodicity

The main cause of periodicity in property is the repetition of similar outer electronic configuration after certain regular intervals.

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Kaysons Education

Basic Concept of Periodic Table

1.4 Electronic Configuration of alkali Metals

SYMBOL Li

ATOMIC NUMBER

3

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

Na

11

K

19

Rb

37

Cs

55

Fr

87

1.5 Electronic Configuration of Halogens

ELEMENT ATOMIC

NUMBER

F

9

ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

Cl

17

Br

35

I

53

At

85

One most important point is that there is a repetition in the electronic configuration of noble gases i.e., regular intervals being 2,8,8,18,18,32 these number are termed as magic number.

1.6 IUPAC Nomenclature Elements with at Number > 100

Roots for IUPAC nomenclature of elements.

DIGIT

0

ROOT

nil

ABBREVIATION

n

1

un

u

2

bi

b

3

tri

t

4

quad

q

5

pent

p

6

hex

h

7

sept

s

8

oct

o

9

enn

e

Z (At. No.)

101 102 103 104 105

Recommended Name

Unnilunium

( Un + nil + un + ium )

Unnilbium

(Un + nil + bi + um)

Unniltrium

Unnilquadium

Unnilpentium

Symbol

Unu Unb Unt Unq Unp

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106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120

Unnilhexium Unnilseptiun Unniloctium Unnilennium Ununnilium Unununium Ununbium Ununtrium Ununquadium Ununpentium Ununhexium Ununseptium Ununoctium Ununenium Unbinilium

Basic Concept of Periodic Table

Unh Uns Uno Une Uun Uuu Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo Uue Ubn

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Kaysons Education

Basic Concept of Periodic Table

Self Efforts

1. The elements of group 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 are collectively called

(A) Noble elements

(B) Typical elements

(C) Transition elements

(D) Representative elements

2. The 3rd period of the periodic table contains

(A) 8 elements

(B) 32 elements

(C) 3 elements

(D) 18 elements.

3. Which of the following element does not belong to the family indicated ?

(A)

Coinage metal

(B)

Alkaline earth

(C)

Alkaline earth

(D)

Noble gases.

4. Pd has exceptional configuration 4d10 5s0. It belongs to

(A) 4th period

(B) 6th period

(C) 7th period

(D) 5th period.

5. The tenth element in the periodic table resembles the element with atomic number

(A) 2 as well as 30

(B) 2 as well as 54

(C) 8 as well as 18

(D) 8 only.

6. Which of the following sequence contain atomic number of only representative elements?

(A) 3, 53, 33, 87

(B) 13, 33, 54, 83

(C) 22, 23, 66, 54

(D) 3, 13, 48, 53.

7. Which of the following set of species contains elements which have been named in honour of some

countries?

(A) Ge, Bk, Cf

(B) Cf, Am, In

(C) Na, Hg, Cf

(D) Ru, Am, Ge.

8. According to IUPAC norms a newly discovered element has been named as Uum. The atomic number of

the element is

(A) 111

(B) 112

(C) 109

(D) 110.

ANSWERS

1. D

2. A

3. C

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. D

8. D

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Kaysons Education

Basic Concept of Periodic Table

Day - 2 1. Main Characteristics of Periodic Table (I) Periods

7 periods. 2 Elements H, He (Noble gas) shortest period 8 Elements, Be, C, N, O, F, Ne, (Noble gas) 8 Elements, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, (Noble gas) 18 Elements, (First long period) ( Z = 19 to 36) K Kr

18 Elements, (Z = 37 ? 54) Rb = 37 and Xe = 54 Z = 39 ? 48 = Transition Elements

32 Elements, (Z = 55 ? 86) (55, 56, and 81 ? 86) 8 = Normal/representative Element

(Z = 57, 72 ? 80) 10 = Transition Element Inner transition/Lanthanides (Z = 58 ? 71) 14 = Rare Earth Element (Longest period)

Expected 32 elements but incomplete. (Z = 86 ? 62), elements after Ac, i.e., from Thorium (90) Lawrencium (103) = actinides/rare Earth Elements.

Rare Earth Elements are also termed as f ? block elements. Elements beyond Uranium which have been prepared artificially by nuclear reaction called Transuranic Elements.

(II) Groups

18 Groups,

1.1 Division of Elements into s, p, d, and f block elements

(i) s ? block elements

Element in which last electrons enter into s ? orbital are termed as s-block elements.

1.2 General Properties

Soft metal with low m. p., low ionization enthalpies, highly electropositive, so reactive

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