Periodic Table Worksheet
As you remember, molecular compounds are relatively small groups of covalently bonded nonmetal atoms, that have weak to moderate intermolecular forces. There are two methods for naming binary molecular compounds. The most commonly used method is to use prefixes (Table 1) to indicate how many of each type of atom there is in the molecular formula. In addition, the suffix –ide is added to the root of the final element’s name. However, if there is only one atom for the first element in the formula we do not use the prefix mono-, but we do use the prefix mono- if there is only one atom for the second element in the formula. As examples, Cl2O7, CF4 and CO are named dichlorine heptaoxide, carbon tetrafluoride, and carbon monoxide, respectively. Exceptions include the binary molecular compounds of hydrogen and the halogens, HF, HCl, HBr and HI, which do not use the prefix mono-, e.g. hydrogen fluoride. There are a number of binary compounds with traditional names that do not follow this system, with the most important examples being water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3). In addition, organic compounds, molecules containing carbon bonded to hydrogen, have their own unique naming system. The International Union of Pure and Applied Scientists (IUPAC) have tried to standardize the methods for naming compounds, but are faced with years and years of tradition associated with the naming of chemical formulas.
Table 1. Prefixes used for naming binary molecular compounds.
|Prefix |Number |
|mono- |1 |
|di- |2 |
|tri- |3 |
|tetra- |4 |
|penta- |5 |
|hexa- |6 |
|hepta- |7 |
An alternate method[1] is the “stock system,” whose approach is identical to that described for ionic compounds. The utility of this system is that we do not need to remember separate methods for ionic (metal and nonmetals) and molecular (all nonmetals) compounds. The drawback is that we then need to be able to identify the oxidation numbers or the charges of each individual atom in a formula. In the case of molecular compounds it is assumed that the more electronegative element, which will usually be the second element in the formula, has a negative oxidation number (charge) and the more electropositive element, which will be the first element in the formula, has a positive oxidation number. It is also important to remember that for molecular compounds, having not net charge, the sum of the positive and negative oxidation numbers must equal zero. For example, carbon tetrafluoride, CF4, would be carbon (IV) fluoride (reverse the criss-cross to give C4+ and 4 F-) using the stock system. For carbon dioxide, CO2, which has two oxides (2 O2-), the oxidation number of carbon must be 4+, giving the stock name of carbon (IV) oxide. In contrast, carbon monoxide, CO (C2+ and O2-), is carbon (II) oxide in the stock system.
Fill in the blanks for following molecular compounds and their names.
Formula Common Name Stock Name
1. CO2 ____________________ ____________________
2. ________ carbon monoxide ____________________
3. ________ ____________________ sulfur (VI) oxide
4. SO2 ____________________ ____________________
5. ________ dinitrogen monoxide ____________________
6. ________ ____________________ nitrogen (II) oxide
7. NO2 ____________________ ____________________
8. ________ dinitrogen trioxide ____________________
9. N2O4 ____________________ ____________________
10. N2O5 ____________________ ____________________
11. ________ phosphorus trichloride ____________________
12. ________ ____________________ phosphorus (V) chloride
13. NH3 ____________________ ____________________
14. H2O ____________________ ____________________
15. ________ ____________________ sulfur (VI) fluoride
16. ________ sulfur tetrafluoride ____________________
17. P2O5 ____________________ ____________________
18. ________ ____________________ carbon (IV) chloride
19. CS2 ____________________ ____________________
20. ________ ____________________ oxygen (II) fluoride
Answers:
1. carbon dioxide, carbon (IV) oxide
2. CO, carbon (II) oxide
3. SO3, sulfur trioxide
4. sulfur dioxide, sulfur (IV) oxide
5. N2O, nitrogen (I) oxide
6. NO, nitrogen monoxide
7. nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen (IV) oxide
8. N2O3, nitrogen (III) oxide
9. dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen (IV) oxide
10. dinitrogen pentoxide, nitrogen (V) oxide
11. PCl3, phosphorus (III) chloride
12. PCl5, phosphorus pentachloride
13. ammonia, ammonia
14. water, water
15. SF6, sulfur hexafluoride
16. SF4, sulfur (IV) fluoride
17. diphosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus (V) oxide
18. CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
19. carbon disulfide, carbon (IV) sulfide
20. OF2, oxygen difluoride
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[1] Primarily used on the New York State Chemistry Regents exam and nowhere else, to my knowledge.
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