Psychological Disorders



Disorders? Lecture Goals What is normal? Introduce Dissociative Identity Disorder Introduce Schizophrenia Introduce Mood Disorders (Depression & Bipolar Disorder) Introduce Anxiety Disorders Introduce OCD & Related Disorders Introduce Eating Disorders Introduce Select Personality DisordersCorresponding Readings ??? Modules 49-53 ? ? Normal vs. Abnormal ??? What is normal???? What is abnormal???? ___________________________??? ___________________________??? ___________________________? ? ??? Rosenhan studies ??? DSM-V (May, 2013) ??? Three D's??????? Deviant (social _________)??????? Distressing (to self/others)??????? _____________________ ? Dissociative Identity Disorder ??? A.K.A. Multiple-Personality Disorder ??? Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde ??? Split selves/personalities/memories ??? Why? Protect "self" from ____________________________ Repress identity??? Treatment Introduce ____________________________ Reassemble a “whole” personality??? Court cases ??????? Insanity defense ??????? Diffusion of responsibility defense ? ??? Evidence it is real ??????? Each alter has ____________________ ??????? Each alter shows __________________ ??????? Handedness switches ? ??? Evidence it is fake ??????? Doesn't exist outside of _______________ ??????? Therapists & power of ________________ ??????? Caught fakers ? Schizophrenia Psychosis (______________________________) ??? Confusion with DID ??????? “…advanced delusionary schizophrenia with involuntary narcissistic rage.” ??????? “Hearing Voices” ??? Symptoms can include abnormal _________________________________________ ??????? Delusions of _______________ and ________________ ??????? Hallucinations (usually auditory) ??????? ??????? Disorganized thoughts (_____________________) ? ??? Symptoms can include abnormal _________________________________________ ??????? ______________________ affect ??????? Negative affect ? ??? Symptoms can include abnormal _________________________________________ ??????? Catatonia = immobility/posing ??????Wild/purposeless movements??????? Parrot-like repetitions ? ??? Why?????? Genetic inheritance????? Too many/few ________________ receptors????? Small hippocampus, amygdala, ____________________?????? Prenatal problem (_______________, ___________________)Depression ??? Mood Disorder??? Response to past or current ____________??? 'Common Cold' (__________________ more common)??? ________________ more susceptible than ____________???? Emotional Symptoms Lasting feelings of sadness & despair (no hope)?? ______________ & Confirm-the-view bias ??? Self-blame ??? Delusions of guilt (_____________________) ??? Social Symptoms Loss of interest in previous interests ??? ??? ______________________________ ??? Physical Symptoms Pain Changes in appetite & ________________________ Loss of __________________________________ ??? Suicide attempts (teen) ? Depression & _______________??? Sensations??????? ______________________________ masks??????? ______________________________ aftereffects????????Touch = ______________________________??? Feelings???????? Elation/ ______________________________ Free ________________________________ Connected??? Downside??????? ______________________________??????? __________________heating??????????? _____________________/ depression/craving???????? Memory problems?????????? ______________________________ (mixing, body chem.)??? Brain's Serotonin Use??????? Permanently ______________________________ ??????? Later depression??????? More use = _______________________________ NO _______________???Bipolar Disorder ??? Mood disorder Cycle between depression and ______________ ? ??? Mania = reckless behavior ? ?????? ______________ (sex, shop) ???????Over-elated ??????? ____________ self-esteem (invulnerable) ??????? Little need for sleep ? ???? Why???????? Genetic inheritance??????? Too much/little norepinephrine or _____________________??????? Loss of control/____________________________________???? Biological Treatments????????Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)?????????? Example: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil????????Lithium???????? ______________________Anxiety Disorders ???? Phobias????????? Person tense and uneasy in particular situations ????????? Person threatened by presence of animal or object????????? Phobia list???? Generalized Anxiety Disorder????????? Person unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy????????? Can't ID source????????? “_______________________________" anxiety???? Panic Disorder????????? Person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread????????? ___________ dizzy, short breath????????? 2/3 sufferers ___________________????????? __________________ at increased risk of onset?????? ? ???? Why?????????? Classical Conditioning???????????? Little Albert???????????? Panic attacks agoraphobia????????? Operant conditioning??????????? Avoid/Escape = ___________________________________????????? Observational learning????????? ____________________ inheritance????????????Genetic predisposition (spiders, snakes, heights)????????????Over-arousal of brain areas???? Treatment??????? Therapy if learning theory explanation??????????? Systematic desensitization??????? Medication if physiological explanationOCD & Related Disorders???? Examples Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Hoarding Tic Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ??????? Obsession = _______________________________________ ??????? Compulsion =_______________________________________ ????????Some common compulsions Counting Checking ______________________/____________________ Eating Disorders??? Anorexia Nervosa ??????? “Loss of appetite for nervous reasons" ??????? Pathological fear of _____________________ ??????? Self-control & ________________________ issues ??????? Misperception of own weight ??????? Still have energy and not crave sleep ??????? Can be in ____________________ ??????? Lead to heart attack & death ? ??? Bulimia ??????? Fast - starve - give in - binge cycle ??????????? Up to 20,000 calories (30 Big Macs, 10 fries, 10 shakes)????????? Some __________________ through vomiting/laxatives or excessive exercise ? ??????? Usually know behavior abnormal ???? Why?????????Genetic inheritance????????Abnormal ___________________________________ levels????????Societal, cultural pressures (teens)????????Symptom of another disorder?Select Personality Disorders???? Antisocial Personality Disorder??????? Socio/Psychopath??????? Male without guilt (lie, steal, kill)??????? Fearless??????? May be charming & calculating??????? Genetic component??????? No physiological response to anticipated threat, harm??????? Lower ________________ activity = less sense of right vs. wrong (Phineas Gage)??????Borderline Personality Disorder??? Border of neurosis & psychosis??? Fear of _____________________________??? Feel worthless/flawed??? Unstable emotions (_____________________________)??? Impulsive actions (cutting)??? Unstable relationships???? Narcissistic Personality Disorder Exaggerate own worth __________________________ fantasies/delusions?????? Self-esteem dependent on success ______________________________ Use symbolic extensions ................
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