List the ways that diseases are transmitted from one ...



Name _____________________________________________ Period ____ Date _______________6038850167640266700100965The Spread of an Infectious Disease How Does an Infectious Disease Spread?An infectious disease is any disease caused by “germs” that can be spread from one person to another. “Germs” include viruses, bacteria and protozoa. What are some infectious diseases?___________________________________________________________________________What are some diseases that are not infectious?___________________________________________________________________________This activity will simulate the spread of an infectious disease. A simulation is a simplified demonstration of a real biological process. Our simulation will show how an infectious disease can spread from one infected person to other people, who in turn infect others. Procedure:Your teacher will give everyone a bottle filled with a clear solution and 6 sample cups with your bottle number on it. This solution represents your body.? An unknown number of students on our team will have bottles that have been “infected”. Record the number of your bottle on your contact tracking log.DO NOT DRINK from the bottle. DO NOT LOSE the cups. DO NOT LOSE your contact log.Protocol for contactsThe contact: Pour all of your solution into your partner’s bottle. Then your partner will pour all of the mixed solution back into your empty bottle. Finally, pour half of the mixed solution back into your partner’s empty bottle. Record on contact tracking logIn the row for that periodthe name of the person with whom you come into contactthe bottle number of the person the room where the contact took place.Each period (1,4,5,6,7). you will “come into contact” with the student nearest you in each period after “the contact” you will remove a sample from your bottle, recap your bottle, and place your sample cup in the tray provided. Class resumes as usualDuring your science period ONLYyou will carry out a second “contact” contact with a member of the other team science class.In all other periods there will be only 1 contact.Bottles and logsAfter 1st period, take bottle and contact tracking log to your 4th period room BEFORE you go to 2nd period. Place bottle and log on your desk and go to 2nd period.In periods 4,5,6 and 7, You will repeat the process. After 6th period, take your bottle and contact tracking log to your 7th period room BEFORE you go to lunch. .Reporting:The total number of infected individuals will be posted outside of the science rooms at the end of each period.In 7th period, you will repeat the process again. After taking your sample, the teacher in each classroom will use an indicator to determine who has been infected.Cleanup:All of the bottles will be collected and placed in the box provided at the end of 7th period.All sample cups will be discarded/recycledMissed periods:early dismissal- will leave your bottle and log in the last room you were in. tardy-start during the next complete period. Enter all data in the correct periodYou will not make up for any missed periods.3) Calculate the maximum number of people which could be infected after each period. Write the expected numbers in Table A belowTable AExpected Number of infectionsPeriodcontactEXPECTED Number of infected AFTER contactHomeroom01st period 1Your Science period _____24th period35th period46th period57th period64) Record the actual number of individuals infected in Data Table BData Table B Actual InfectionsPeriodContactNumber Infected AFTER contactHomeroom01st period A1Your Science period _____24th period35th period46th period57th period6 Plotting the predicted number of infections and then the actual resultsGraphing:Construct a line graph to compare the expected and actual infection rate of the 7th grade.The first line will show the expected number of infected people. Make this line blue.The second line will be plotted using the actual number of people infected at the end of each period. Make the actual infection rate line red. Title: _____________________________________________________________________Number of People Infected 4057650484505KEY00KEYNumber of contactsDiscussionWhich contact resulted in the smallest increase in the number of infected people? _______ Which contact resulted in the largest increase in the number of infected people? _______In each contact, every previously infected person can infect one new person. Therefore acontact that begins with more infected people will generally result in a higher number of new Infections Which students were the initial sources of the infection? _____________________________Did the number of people infected increase by the same amount after each contact? Why or why not?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In theory, what is the maximum number of people that would be infected if you had 10 contacts? Show your work!Initial # ____________________After 1 contact ____________________After 6 contacts ____________________After 2 contacts ____________________After 7 contacts ____________________After 3 contacts ____________________After 8 contacts ____________________After 4 contacts ____________________After 9 contacts ____________________ After 5 contacts ____________________After 10 contacts ____________________How many people do you think would be infected if you had 15 contacts? Show your work!After 10 contacts ____________________After 11 contacts ____________________After 12 contacts ____________________After 13 contacts ____________________After 14 contacts ____________________After 15 contacts ____________________During which points in the day would you spread the disease to other 7th graders? ______________________________________________________________________________How would other teachers in the building be exposed? When? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________How many students are at HMS? ___________________________________________________How many teachers are at HMS? ___________________________________________________How many support staff are there at HMS? ___________________________________________How many contacts would be required in theory to infect the entire school? (show your work)________________If it were possible to infect everyone at the school, what would happen to the rate of infection in the building? ______________________________________________________________________How could the infection be spread to the High School or the elementary schools BEFORE the end of the day? Explain, name those who might be responsible.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What would have to be done to prevent the spread to other buildings entirely? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________After the tenth contact, would the rate of increase in the number of infected people become faster or slower? Explain why.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Analysis: Explain your data in words. Be sure to write in complete sentences.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________How does the actual data compare with the predictions made before the simulation? Why are the numbers not the same?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thinking Beyond…Answer the following questions based on your experience, prior knowledge and out simulation. You must explain your ideas and write your answers in complete sentences. What are some ways that infectious diseases are transmitted from one person to another?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What are some ways you can prevent the spread of an infectious disease?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Some diseases are spread by person-to-person contact. Examples of this kind of disease include pink eye, chickenpox and herpes (lip sores) where people touch others who are sick. Other diseases, such as colds and tuberculosis, can be spread by germs in the air. In our simulation, how is the disease spread? Why? Give a real life example.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The spread of the disease in our simulation was very rapid. Multiple people were infected within a few periods. Could this happen in real life? Why or why not?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Diseases have an “incubation” period. This means that there is a certain amount of time which passes before people actually become ill. During this time, the virus or bacteria reproduce until there are enough to actually cause someone to feel ill. How does this differ from our simulation? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What happens if you carry a virus or bacteria before you show symptoms? How does this affect the spread of an infectious disease? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Which type of disease would be spread most rapidly, one that requires direct contact, such as herpes or one that is spread by viruses or bacteria in the air, such as the cold virus? You must explain your reasons.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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