HUMAN DISEASES



HUMAN DISEASES

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Contagious diseases – Transmitted from infected person to healthy person through contact – chicken pox, leprosy

Non contagious diseases – Transmitted through water, food or air.

Viral Diseases

Influenza virus is Myxovirus influenza – RNA virus – Incubation period 2-3 days – Epidemic, Endemic and Pandemic

Endemic influenza – caused by gram negative bacterium Haemophilis influenza

Asian flu is a viral influenza

Small pox is caused by a DNA virus Variola – incubation period 12 days

Edward Jenner – 1796 discovered small pox vaccine

Chicken pox is caused by DNA virus Varicella zoster – incubation period 40-60 days

Vaccine for chicken pox is zoster immunoglobulin

( ZIG )

Measles is caused by RNA virus Rubella and Polynosa morbellorum – incubation period 10-40 days

German measles is caused by Rubella virus

Mumps is caused by RNA virus Paramyxo – incubation period 12-26 days

MMR vaccine is used against Mumps, Measles and Rubella

Polio is caused by RNA virus poliovirus or Enterovirus

Poliovirus multiply in the elementary canal and passes in to the brain resulting in paralysis.

Polio vaccines are Salk’s vaccine (killed) and Sabin’s oral vaccine (live).

Rabies is caused by RNA virus Rabies virus

Rabies is 100% fatal

Rabies virus is Neurotrophic – damage motor neurons in the brain

Louis Pasteur developed vaccine for rabies.

Hepatitis A is Epidemic jaundice and Hepatitis B is Serum Hepatitis.

Dengue fever is caused by viruses (DEN 1,DEN2, DEN3, DEN4)

Dengue I spread by female Tiger mosquito called Aedes aegypti

Classical dengue fever is called Break bone fever. It is severe in adult

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the fatal form.

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae

Anti biotics tetracycline and chloraphenicol are used for cholera

Pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus or

Diplococcus pneuoniae

Broncho pneumonia occurs in children and elderly persons.

Lobar pneumonia occurs between ages 10-15

Drugs for pneumonia are Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Sulphonamide.

Plague is a disease of rat

Plague is caused by a non-motile bacterium Pasteurella or Yersinea pestis

Plague is transmitted by the rat flea Synopsilla cheopsis

Head louse, bed bug etc also transmit plague

Plague is called Black Death – there are three types

Bubonic plague - Fever, enlargement of lymph nodes

Pneumonic plague - Hemorrhage of bronchi and lungs – spreads from human to human without rat flea.

Septicemic plague - Anemia, fever, chill

Drugs for plague are Streptomycin and Tetracycline

Tuberculosis is caused by gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Toxin of TB bacterium is Tuberculin

Mantoux test is used for TB

Pulmonary TB - Fever, cough, chest pain, blood in sputum (haemoptysis)

Milk is the source Bovine Tuberculosis

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) is the vaccine for TB.

Drugs for TB are Streptomycin, PAS (Para Amino Salicylic acid) Rifampicin, Ethambutol

Pertussis or whooping cough is caused by bacterium Bodetella pertussis or Haemocillus pertussis

Antibiotic for whooping cough are Erythromycin, Ampicillin, and Chloramphenicol

DPT vaccine is for Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus

Tetanus is an incurable bacterial disease caused by Clostridium tetani .It is an anaerobe.

Tetanus is called lockjaw – incubation period 3-25 days

Tetanus toxin is a neurotoxin Tetanaspasmin

ATS (Anti Tetanus Serum) gives passive immunity and TT ( Tetanus Toxoid ) gives active immunity

Diphtheria is caused by gram-positive bacterium Coryne bacterium diptheriae

Diphtheria is tested by Sehick test

Drugs for diphtheria are penicillin and erythromycin

Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi – found in intestine

Widal is used for typhoid

TAB vaccine is used for typhoid

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae

Lepromin in the skin test indicates leprosy

Leprosy can be controlled by Ofloxacin drug.

Diarrhea is caused by E coli, shigella,salmonella and campylobacter.

Rota virus causes gastroenteritis.

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