HUMAN DISEASES
HUMAN DISEASES
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Contagious diseases – Transmitted from infected person to healthy person through contact – chicken pox, leprosy
Non contagious diseases – Transmitted through water, food or air.
Viral Diseases
Influenza virus is Myxovirus influenza – RNA virus – Incubation period 2-3 days – Epidemic, Endemic and Pandemic
Endemic influenza – caused by gram negative bacterium Haemophilis influenza
Asian flu is a viral influenza
Small pox is caused by a DNA virus Variola – incubation period 12 days
Edward Jenner – 1796 discovered small pox vaccine
Chicken pox is caused by DNA virus Varicella zoster – incubation period 40-60 days
Vaccine for chicken pox is zoster immunoglobulin
( ZIG )
Measles is caused by RNA virus Rubella and Polynosa morbellorum – incubation period 10-40 days
German measles is caused by Rubella virus
Mumps is caused by RNA virus Paramyxo – incubation period 12-26 days
MMR vaccine is used against Mumps, Measles and Rubella
Polio is caused by RNA virus poliovirus or Enterovirus
Poliovirus multiply in the elementary canal and passes in to the brain resulting in paralysis.
Polio vaccines are Salk’s vaccine (killed) and Sabin’s oral vaccine (live).
Rabies is caused by RNA virus Rabies virus
Rabies is 100% fatal
Rabies virus is Neurotrophic – damage motor neurons in the brain
Louis Pasteur developed vaccine for rabies.
Hepatitis A is Epidemic jaundice and Hepatitis B is Serum Hepatitis.
Dengue fever is caused by viruses (DEN 1,DEN2, DEN3, DEN4)
Dengue I spread by female Tiger mosquito called Aedes aegypti
Classical dengue fever is called Break bone fever. It is severe in adult
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the fatal form.
BACTERIAL DISEASES
Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae
Anti biotics tetracycline and chloraphenicol are used for cholera
Pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus or
Diplococcus pneuoniae
Broncho pneumonia occurs in children and elderly persons.
Lobar pneumonia occurs between ages 10-15
Drugs for pneumonia are Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Sulphonamide.
Plague is a disease of rat
Plague is caused by a non-motile bacterium Pasteurella or Yersinea pestis
Plague is transmitted by the rat flea Synopsilla cheopsis
Head louse, bed bug etc also transmit plague
Plague is called Black Death – there are three types
Bubonic plague - Fever, enlargement of lymph nodes
Pneumonic plague - Hemorrhage of bronchi and lungs – spreads from human to human without rat flea.
Septicemic plague - Anemia, fever, chill
Drugs for plague are Streptomycin and Tetracycline
Tuberculosis is caused by gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Toxin of TB bacterium is Tuberculin
Mantoux test is used for TB
Pulmonary TB - Fever, cough, chest pain, blood in sputum (haemoptysis)
Milk is the source Bovine Tuberculosis
BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) is the vaccine for TB.
Drugs for TB are Streptomycin, PAS (Para Amino Salicylic acid) Rifampicin, Ethambutol
Pertussis or whooping cough is caused by bacterium Bodetella pertussis or Haemocillus pertussis
Antibiotic for whooping cough are Erythromycin, Ampicillin, and Chloramphenicol
DPT vaccine is for Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus
Tetanus is an incurable bacterial disease caused by Clostridium tetani .It is an anaerobe.
Tetanus is called lockjaw – incubation period 3-25 days
Tetanus toxin is a neurotoxin Tetanaspasmin
ATS (Anti Tetanus Serum) gives passive immunity and TT ( Tetanus Toxoid ) gives active immunity
Diphtheria is caused by gram-positive bacterium Coryne bacterium diptheriae
Diphtheria is tested by Sehick test
Drugs for diphtheria are penicillin and erythromycin
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi – found in intestine
Widal is used for typhoid
TAB vaccine is used for typhoid
Leprosy or Hansen’s disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Lepromin in the skin test indicates leprosy
Leprosy can be controlled by Ofloxacin drug.
Diarrhea is caused by E coli, shigella,salmonella and campylobacter.
Rota virus causes gastroenteritis.
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