Doral Academy Preparatory School



AP Psychology: Development ExamMultiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Having identified the correct answer provide a brief explanation as to why that answer is correct. Failure to do so will result in not receiving full credit.____1.Rod Plotnik begins the module with the story of Alex, who spent the first three years of his life in a bleak Romanian orphanage, to illustrate the:a.sad truth that adoptive parents cannot love children as much as birth parentsb.long-term effects of physical abuse in childhoodc.devastating effects of years of malnutritiond.nature-nurture question in the life of a child____2.Nature is to nurture as ____ is to ____.a.culture; societyb.genetics; environmentc.environment; geneticsd.biology; physics____3.Prodigies demonstrate the interaction between:a.developmental psychology and musicb.biology and geneticsc.art and social scienced.genetic and learned influences____4.The period that lasts nine months, extending from conception to birth is called the ____ period.a.prenatalb.embryonicc.germinald.fetal____5.____ refers to the release of an ovum from a woman's ovaries.a.Conceptionb.Ovulationc.Amniocentesisd.Fertilization____6.Which of the following marks the end of the germinal period?a.fertilization of the ovumb.the zygote attached itself to the wall of the uterusc.cells divide and differentiate into bone, muscle, and organsd.the birth of the fetus____7.Gwen is 16 weeks pregnant. She is undergoing a medical test that involves analyzing amniotic fluid to detect any genetic problems. What test is Gwen undergoing?a.FAS indexingb.amniocentesisc.placentaltesisd.teratogenic analysis____8.Which pregnant mother is at greatest risk for having a child with Down syndrome and why?a.Linda--She is in her first trimester. The risk is greatest in the first trimester.b.Sue--She is pregnant with twins. The risk increases with having twins.c.Dawn--She is 43 years old. The risk increases for mothers in their 40s.d.Candy--She is pregnant with her fourth child. The risk increases among mothers who have had multiple pregnancies.____9.Research has found that prenatal exposure to cocaine is related to:a.antisocial behaviorb.sensory impairmentsc.lower IQ scoresd.fetal growth deficiencies____pared to a control group, children whose mothers smoked during their prenatal development had:a.increased risk for SIDsb.lower IQsc.poorly developed brainsd.smaller than normal head size____11.Prenatal exposure to lead is associated with:a.poor muscular controlb.lower IQ scoresc.liver damaged.stunted growth____12.If you believe what the textbook says about teratogens, you would tell all pregnant women to:a.watch their weight gain very carefullyb.get plenty of rest--even more as they approach deliveryc.avoid alcohol entirelyd.avoid becoming overly stressed____13.Chromosomes consist of:a.zygotesb.spermc.DNAd.phenotypes____14.A baby's brain gains weight from 340 grams at birth to ____ grams at 2 years old.a.400b.560c.720d.900____15.In the early stages of motor development, ____ seems to be the major force guiding development.a.maturationb.learningc.experienced.genetics____16.One-month-old Zachary cries and fusses a great deal when the pediatrician gives him a shot. It can be predicted that at 4 months of age:a.Zachary will still show a great deal of anger when given a shotb.Zachary's anger will lessen as he becomes more emotionally maturec.the amount of anger Zachary displays will have changed, but no one knows in what directiond.Zachary will actually enjoy his trips to the pediatrician____17.Tina is introducing her topic by saying, "Today I will be talking about the fundamental emotional bond that develops between the infant and the caregiver." What is the topic of her presentation?a.psychosocial developmentb.closenessc.temperamentd.attachment____18.A study in which the same group of individuals is repeatedly studied across many years is known as a ____ study.a.longitudinalb.multilevelc.repetitionald.cross-sectional____19.Which statement is incorrect regarding inhibited and uninhibited children?a.There is no difference between these two groups in IQ scores.b.About 10-15% of the population have an inhibited temperament.c.90% of children do not change their temperament.d.There is a strong genetic component in the inhibited temperament.____20.The work of Jean Piaget led to the current view that children:a.do not hypothesize about the worldb.are actively involved in their cognitive developmentc.accommodate as a result of assimilationd.solve abstract problems in the sensorimotor stage____21.Use of symbols such as words and mental images, simple problem solving and talking about things not present characterizes the:a.sensorimotor stageb.preoperational stagec.classical staged.attachment stage____22.Mothers learn quickly that when serving ice cream to siblings, they must put the ice cream in identically sized bowls. Even if the same amount of ice cream is scooped out in front of the children, putting ice cream in a large bowl will make it appear that there is less ice cream than if it is in a smaller bowl, and this will surely generate arguments. This is because young children do not demonstrate which of the following?a.egocentrismb.object permanencec.conservationd.assimilation____23.During the ____ stage of cognitive development, children are capable of logical mental operations but only on physically present objects.a.concrete operationsb.sensorimotorc.preoperationald.formal____24.Steven and Joe are very bad roommates. Steven is incredibly disorganized and messy while Joe is compulsive in his work and insists that the room be completely tidy at all times. According to Freud, it is possible that both Steven and Joe are fixated at the ____ stage.a.oralb.phallicc.anald.latency____25.Seven-year-old Noelle only plays with girls, thinks that boys are weird, and attends second grade. She is most likely in which of Freud's psychosexual stages?a.oralb.analc.phallicd.latency____26.Peter is a seven-year-old. According to Erikson's theory, if Peter has problems in school and is unable to direct his energy, he is likely to:a.feel ashamed of his abilities and give upb.develop feelings of guiltc.develop a feeling of inferiorityd.lose trust in his parents and teachers____27.Scotty, a six-year-old, asks his dad if they could buy some power tools. Scotty enjoys watching his dad work with wood. Which theoretical perspective would explain Scotty's behavior by focusing on modeling?a.Freud's psychosexual stagesb.Erikson's psychosocial stagesc.Piaget's theory of cognitive developmentd.Bandura's social cognitive theory____28.A number of factors have been identified that decrease the impact of life stresses. These factors are referred to as:a.assimilationb.conservationc.androgynyd.resiliency____29.Martha tries to join the school wrestling team. Her behavior is contrary to the typical female:a.cross-gender identityb.sexual identityc.gender roled.character role____30.Social role theory argues that gender roles are due to:a.mothers and fathers respond differently to girls and boysb.gender schemasc.unconscious predispositionsd.biological and hormonal differences between girls and boys____31.Gender differences are based upon traditional divisions of labor according to the:a.cognitive developmental theoryb.psychosexual theoryc.evolutionary theoryd.social role theory____32.Researchers suggest that child abuse may be a result of:a.the principle of bidirectionalityb.psychosexual needsc.gender schemasd.the proximodistal principle____33.There is a sex difference between males and females as to when the biological changes of puberty typically occur. Females experience the changes between ages ____ and males between ages ____.a.9 and 13; 10 and 14b.10 and 14; 9 and 13c.7 and 9; 9 and 13d.13 and 16; 10 and 13____34.Early-maturing boys have been found to have all of the following characteristics except:a.greater dependence on parentsb.higher regard by peersc.greater confidenced.greater social responsibility____35.According to the BioPsychoSocial approach, problems of adolescent sexual behavior:a.dominate adolescents' biology, their psychology, and their social livesb.cannot be discussed independently of hormonal, cognitive, personality, or emotional factorsc.tend to be overrated, although they do have a minor effect on many parts of adolescents' livesd.there is no "BioPsychoSocial" approach; this is a nonsense term____36.Given the material on sexual behavior, parent-child interactions and onset of puberty, most parents would most probably prefer an adolescent who:a.has a few close friendsb.matures on timec.matures earlyd.matures later____37.Based upon the material presented in the textbook, why is it more difficult now than 20 years ago to decide whether to become sexually active?a.more exposure to sex in the mediab.less willingness on the part of parents to discuss sexc.a growing movement to discourage abstinence until marriaged.most teenagers are maturing faster than ever before____38.The stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development that starts in adolescence and goes through adulthood is:a.postconventionalb.accommodationc.preconventionald.formal operations____39."Mom, you have no idea what it is like to grow up with young sisters who are brats! They get into my things all the time. You and Dad just don't understand!" This teenager is most likely experiencinga.preoperational thinkingb.conventional thinkingc.growth in her limbic systemd.authoritarian parenting____40.Should you break the speed limit? Someone from level 1 of moral reasoning would say:a.no because it is against the lawb.no because you might get caught and punishedc.no because your parents and teachers taught you to obey the limitd.maybe because it depends on the situation____41.Gilligan pointed out that, in making moral decisions, the male subjects in Kohlberg's studies relied more on a:a.justice orientationb.conventional levelc.care orientationd.postconventional level____42.A politician is running for office. He says that he will support the law, equality, and individual rights. Carol Gilligan would say that the politician has a(n) ____ orientation.a.careb.relativec.justiced.other____43.Impersonal moral decisions is to memory as personal moral decisions is to:a.retrievalb.emotionc.justiced.care____44.A longitudinal study of how different styles of parenting affect adolescent development was conducted by:a.Jean Piagetb.Diana Baumrindc.Carol Gilligand.Lawrence Kohlberg____45.Theresa says that her parents are supportive and loving. In her family, rules are openly discussed, and there is frequent give-and-take. It sounds as though Theresa's parents are:a.permissiveb.authoritativec.authoritariand.overprotective____46.Recent research suggests that ____ may have the strongest influence on our development.a.parentsb.siblingsc.schoolsd.peers____47.What was the result of research examining the effects of ginkgo biloba on memory?a.It did not improve memory.b.Ginkgo biloba improved memory in subjects.c.It improved only declarative memory.d.It was found to be effective in improving memory, but only in young adults.____48.The majority of adolescents:a.experience reversals in self-esteemb.have chronically low self-esteemc.show dramatic gains in self-esteemd.maintain a strong sense of self-esteem____49.About ____ of adolescents have high self-esteem and about ____ have chronically low self-esteem.a.50%; 30%b.15%; 60%c.60%; 15%d.30%; 50%____50.Which of the following psychologists would analyze development as follows: Brian is 22 years old and has been dating to find someone with whom to have a loving intimate relationship?a.Freudb.Eriksonc.Skinnerd.Siegel____51.In order to achieve integrity during late adulthood, Erikson argues that one must:a.find intimacy in caring relationshipsb.raise childrenc.feel content about past accomplishmentsd.continue to be industrious and refuse to retire from work____52.According to Erik Erikson's Stage 8, what we need in late adulthood is:a.recognition, respect, and honor from our family and colleaguesb.a sense of pride in our acquisitions and our standing in the communityc.a sense of contentment about how we lived and what we accomplishedd.mainly good health--without it there is despair____53.Feeling close or connected to someone is characteristic of which component of Sternberg's theory of love?mitmentc.intimacyd.passion____54.All of the following are components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love except:mitmentc.intimacyd.passion____55.We choose a partner for a long-term relationship by finding someone who:a.has good earning potentialb.is physically attractivec.has similar valuesd.matches our ideal-partner schema____56.In cross-cultural research, the most desirable trait in a partner is:a.kind and understandingb.good looksc.reciprocal loved.dependable character____57.Cross-cultural research for mate preferences found that:a.education and intelligence was ranked highest by most culturesb.good looks were ranked equally by males and femalesc.on average, kindness and understanding were rated highestd.there were few differences among the different cultures____58.As Jerry looks back, he tries to think of what signs his cousin might have shown before he committed suicide. Which of the following is a common behavioral symptom?a.a sense of resolveb.social isolation and withdrawalc.a peace about things coming to an endd.talking about the future____59."That's just the way she is!" This declaration is describing someone's:a.locus of controlb.cognitive processesc.self-efficacyd.personality____60.Freud's psychodynamic approach to personality emphasizes which of the following?a.conscious thoughts, unconscious forces, and unconscious motivationb.cognitive appraisals of one's environmentc.the measurement of traits and their stabilityd.self-actualization and personal freedom____61.Free association, dream interpretation, and Freudian slips are:a.examples of how real self and ideal self conflict with each otherb.techniques to discover the extent of self-actualizationc.techniques to discover the unconsciousd.techniques to discover the conscious____62.Freudian slips are mistakes made in everyday speech which reflect:a.the manifest content of dreamsb.cognitive processing errorsc.conscious desires and needsd.unconscious thoughts or wishes____63.Freud assumed that the ____ was totally unconscious, and that the largest part of the ____ was conscious.a.ego; superegob.ego; idc.id; egod.superego; id____64.When Rachel left for college she promised her parents that she would not use any drugs. At a party someone passed her some pot, which she decided to try. If her superego is operating, this behavior will cause Rachel to feel:a.pleasureb.guiltc.sadnessd.anger____65.According to Freud, could a person function without conflict or anxiety?a.yes--when id, ego, and superego have the same goalsb.yes--if the superego maintains supreme control over the id and egoc.yes--if the ego maintains supreme control over the id and superegod.no--it's impossible____66.Unconscious processes which utilize self-deception to reduce anxiety are called:a.defense mechanismsb.unconscious motivationsc.reality principlesd.free associations____67.In order to alleviate anxiety caused by a desire to be sexually promiscuous with women, John decides to become a priest. Freud would say that John has used the defense mechanism of:a.projectionb.reaction formationc.displacementd.rationalization____68.Freud described his developmental stages as periods during which the individual:a.seeks pleasure from different areas of the bodyb.resolves psychosocial conflictsc.deals with real-life problemsd.matures, eventually becoming self-actualized____69.Freud believed that:a.early childhood is very important in shaping personalityb.personality develops after pubertyc.the influence of early childhood experiences in the shaping of personality is greatly overratedd.one's personality changes too often to be predicted or studied reliably____70.The first of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is called the:a.oral stageb.anal stagec.genital staged.undifferentiated stage____71.Oscar's mother refused to breast feed him when he was an infant. Today, Oscar talks all the time, chews his pencils, and chain-smokes. Freud would say that Oscar is:a.fixated at the oral stageb.utilizing the defense mechanism of rationalizationc.ignoring the needs of his idd.overly dependent on the reality principle____72.Your friend argues that negative characteristics associated with women, such as passivity, are due not to biology, but to child-parent social interactions. Which theorist does your friend agree with?a.Sigmund Freudb.Karen Horneyc.Erik Eriksond.Carl Jung____73.Which of the following titles would be most likely given to a book written by Karen Horney?a.Our Lives In Child-Parent Interactionsb.The Collective Unconscious: Message and Symbolsc.The Importance of Biology: Why Freud Was Rightd.Our Journey Through Psychosocial Stages____74.Unlike psychodynamic theories, humanistic theories of personality emphasize:a.the continual operation of contradictory forces buried deep in our unconscious mindsb.our capacity for personal growth, the development of our potential, and freedom to choose our destinyc.how difficult it is--even with therapy--to change personality significantlyd.the importance of perceptions and beliefs____75.Maslow believed that everyone is motivated by:a.sexual desiresb.aggressive tendenciesc.a self-actualizing tendencyd.personality traits____76.Maslow developed his idea of self-actualization by studying:a.productive, exceptional peopleb.psychologically disturbed patientsc.college studentsd.laboratory animals____77.Which of the following is not a characteristic of self-actualized persons?a.perception of reality in an accurate fashionb.independencec.deep, loving relationships with many peopled.peak experiences____78.In Carl Rogers' humanistic theory, he emphasizes two assumptions. These assumptions are:a.need for locus of control and conscious motivationb.achievement and recognitionc.real self and ideal selfd.self-actualizing tendency and personal need for positive regard____79.According to Carl Rogers, contradictions between ____ and ____ may result in personality problems.a.internal locus of control; external locus of controlb.the real self; the ideal selfc.unconscious forces; conscious forcesd.deficiency needs; growth needs____80.Erin Gruwell has applied many humanistic ideas to help ____ who are now known as "Freedom Writers."a.delinquent malesb.unteachable, at risk studentsc.homesick college studentsd.shy teenagers____81.There are many critics who argue that the humanistic approach is more of a ____ than a ____.a.scientific explanation of personality development; philosophy of lifeb.scientifically proven fact; hypothetical modelc.theory of well-being; theory of abnormalityd.philosophy of life; scientific explanation of personality development____82.The projective tests discussed in the textbook include:a.Rorschach test and TATb.MMPI-2 and structured interview protocolsc.Rorschach test and MMPI-2d.California Personality Inventory and MMPI-2____83.What barrier did Wangari Maathai face as she founded the Green Belt Movement?a.debilitating neurological disorderb.sexismc.external locus of controld.corruption of the government of Kenya____84.From a social cognitive perspective, what strengthen Wangari Maathai's belief regarding the importance of the environment and planting trees?a.her behavior of having spoken out against deforestationb.unconscious motivesc.fixation at the anal staged.fulfill of the highest level in Maslow's hierarch____85.What are the four cognitive processes in Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?a.memory, schemas, operant conditioning, and observational learningb.self-actualization, self-efficacy, locus of control, and classical conditioningc.language ability, observational learning, purposeful behavior, and self-analysisd.language ability, gender roles, paradigms, and schemas____86.Gwen believes that if she works hard she will get the promotion she has been wanting. Gwen seems to have:a.an inflated egob.a holistic view of lifec.an internal locus of controld.become fixated at the oral stage of development____87."What's the use? It doesn't matter how hard I prepare for this job interview. Whatever happens is just fate or luck." This thinking reflects:a.an external locus of controlb.a holistic view of lifec.an internal locus of controld.becoming fixated at the oral stage of development____88.Experiments testing children's ability to delay gratification have found that:a.the desire for immediate gratification is correlated with success in adult lifeb.a child's ability to delay gratification is determined by the perceived strength of that gratificationc.children who are able to delay gratification develop into adolescents who can concentrate better than those who cannotd.a child's ability to delay gratification is unrelated to his or her eventual personality____89.One criticism of social cognitive theory is that:a.many concepts have not been experimentally basedb.it takes into account interactions among cognitive factors, behavior, and environmental factorsc.too little attention is paid to childhood experiencesd.these concepts have been unsuccessfully used in programs for change____90.Which of the following is not an assumption of the trait approach to personality?a.An individual's personality can be described completely by listing all traitsb.Traits are relatively enduring and stable and influence a person's behavior.c.Personality is the result of unconscious forces that create conflict within the person.d.Differences between personalities can be described with the 5-factor model.____91.The example of Rush Limbaugh's drug use best illustrates:a.the role the Big Five play in personalityb.the difference between internal and external locus of controlc.how people behave differently in different situationsd.how we learn by observation____92.A shipping company is looking for a new manager for its warehouse. Applicants are administered a battery of personality tests. If the company wishes to pick the best person for the job, it should:a.forget about the personality tests and rely solely on interviewsb.look very carefully at the personality tests and place little emphasis on interviewsc.choose the applicant who scores highest on an intelligence testd.place the applicants in work situations and watch how they behave____93.In a letter of recommendation you are writing for someone, you use ____ as a short cut in describing their personality.a.cognitive-personal factorsb.traitsc.locus of controld.self-efficacy____94.At what age would we expect the beginnings of a person's more stable personality traits?a.age 3b.age 12c.age 18d.age 30____95.The statistical measure which estimates how much of a behavior is due to genetic factors is called:a.factor analysisb.behavioral geneticsc.heritabilityd.graphology____96.The results of a study cited in your textbook regarding personality change reveal that:a.the change in personality was expectedb.change had improved the quality of lifec.the experience lasted only minutesd.structured interviews yield invalid data____97.Why do many Palestinians not criticize suicide bombers?a.Palestinians see it as a way to reach Maslow's level of self-efficacy.b.It is seen as a way to address unconscious conflict of the individual bomber and thus to "cleanse oneself."c.The government forbids criticism of suicide bombers.d.It's cultural; they are seen as revered martyrs and prophets.____98.One of the best known objective tests for personality is the:a.Thematic Apperception Testb.Rorschach inkblot testc.Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2d.Locus of Control Inventory____99.In his horoscope, Alan reads that he is an interesting person who cares about people. According to the Barnum principle, Alan will:a.reject the assessment because it is too generalb.reject the assessment unless it refers to traits that Alan valuesc.accept the assessment because it is generally true for most peopled.accept the assessment only if he believes it fits his personality____100.Which of the following is a disadvantage of objective tests?a.They cannot predict behaviors in specific situations.b.They are difficult to administer.c.They have low reliability and validity.d.They are not useful in identifying personality differences. ................
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