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CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1 Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises108-113163-164109, 112118-122, 125Vocab cards – page 109 before exercise 118Vocab cards – page 112 before exercise 125Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4UNIT 3:LESSON 9: IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUD? (pg 108 – 112)The imperfect tense of Latin expresses action as GOING ON in PAST time. For example: "I was eating dinner between six and seven yesterday evening. " I could say "I ate dinner between six and seven yesterday." but the very ate would not express the CONTINUANCE of the action. Was eating is translated into Latin by the IMPERFECT TENSE.ASSIGNMENT: Study the meanings given in Grammar No. 163 and learn laudābam etc. Note that:The imperfect of a verb is formed on the PRESENT STEM.The ending has the a of the first conjugationThe FINAL PERSONAL SIGNS are the same as for the present tense.The ending contains a TENSE SIGN: ba (e.g. laud-ā-ba-t), which is ALWAYS THE SIGN OF THE IMPERFECT TENSE (The Latin verb is thus a sort of CODE which you learn to decipher.)S2W1Vocabulary (pg 109)pugnō, 1., intr. - fightsuperō, 1. tr. - overcome, conquer, surpassportō, 1. tr. - carrynumerus, ī - numbercenturiō, centuriōnis - a centurion (note: A centurion was a Roman army officer in charge of 100 men. The rank was similar to that of our captain)Related English Words:He gave a large tip to the porter. Some boys are pugnacious by nature. Every century has its saints. Roman numerals. Import and export taxes.Related Latin Word: Oppugnō Exercises 117 – 123 (pg 110 – 112) (Assigned: Ex. 118-122)FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF LAUD? (pg 112 – 114)The future tense expresses action that WILL take place. Study the meanings in GRAMMAR No. 164. Learn the model verb. You need not learn the meanings given in parentheses. Note that:The future tense is formed on the PRESENT STEM.The ending had the a of the first conjugationThe final personal signs are the same as for the present and the imperfect tenses.The ending contains a tense sign, bi (e.g. laud-ā-BI-t) which is the sign of the future in the FIRST and SECOND conjugations. Vocabulary (pg 112)dō, dare, dedī, datus, 1, tr. - givevocō, 1. tr. - callinterim, adverb - meanwhilemors, mortis - deathhīberna, hībernōrum – winter quartersS2W1Note: Dō forms its perfect stem differently from laudō. Therefore you must memorize the principal parrts. It is also peculiar in this, that the a which begins the endings is short throughout the indicative except in the second person singular present indicative active (dās).Hīberna, like castra, is declined only in the plural.Related English Words:A mortal wound. Some animals hibernate during the winter. A vocation to the priesthood.Related Latin Word: Marīa vōcem Christī audīvit.Exercises 124 – 128 (pg 113-114) (Assigned: S2W2: 125; S2W3: 126, 127))GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 1 Active Voice – Indicative MoodNo 163: Imperfect Tense (present stem)Singular - 1. laud-ābam - I was praising 2. laud-ābas - you were praising 3. laud-ābat – he, she, it were praisingPlural - 1. laud-ābāmus - we were praising 2. laud-ābātis - you were praising 3. laud-ābant – they were praisingNo 164: Future Tense (present stem)Singular - 1. laud-ābō - I will praise (he, she, it will be praising) 2. laud-ābis- you will praise (he, she, it will be praising) 3. laud-ābit– he, she, it will praise (he, she, it will be praising)Plural - 1. laud-ābimus - we will praise (we will be praising) 2. laud-ābitis - you will praise (you will be praising) 3. laud-ābunt – they will praise (they will be praising)CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 2Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises113-115No. 123, 124 (copy and learn 123 and 124) 128, 163, 164114126, 127, 129, 130Vocab cards – page 114 before exercise 129Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4S2W2QUESTIONS (pg 114 - 116)Vocabulary (pg 114)ubi, adverb - where?quis, pronoun - who?quid, pronoun - what?cūr, adverb - why?locus, ī – (pl., loca, locōrum) - placealiēnus, a, um - unfavorable, another's, foreignNote: 1. The abbreviation adv. stands for adverb. Locus becomes a neuter noun in the plural: loca. When locus is modified by an adjective the preposition in may be omitted with the ablative case.In an unfavorable place, locō aliēnōRelated English WordsThe politician has alienated many of his friends. A local election. Some aliens are deported by the government,.INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS AND PRONOUNS IN QUESTIONS (pg 115 -116)Questions may be asked in Latin by using interrogative adverbs or pronouns just as in English.Ubi es? Where are you?Quis pugnābat? Who was fighting?Quid parās? What are you preparing?Cūr Caesarem laudās? Why do you praise Caesar?Exercises 129 – 131 (pg 115 – 116) (Assigned: S2W2- 129, 130; S2W3 - Ex 131)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 2123, 124, (Assignment: copy and learn 123 and 124); 128163, 164 (review from week 1)No. 123: First PersonSingularNominativeegoISingularGenitivemeīof meof myselfSingularDativemihito meto myselfSingularAccusativemememyselfSingularAblativeme(by, etc.) me(by, etc. ) myselfPluralNominativenōswePluralGenitivenostrīnostrumof usof ourselvesPluralDativenobisto usto ourselvesPluralAccusativenōsusourselvesPluralAblativenobis(by, etc.) us(by, etc.) ourselvesFootnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)S2W2No. 124: 2nd Person PronounsSingularNominativetūyouSingularGenitivetuīof youof yourselfSingularDativetibito youto yourselfSingularAccusativetēyouyourselfSingularAblativetē(by, etc.) you(by, etc. ) yourselfPluralNominativevōsyouPluralGenitivevestrīvestrumof youof yourselvesPluralDativevōbisto youto yourselvesPluralAccusativevōsyouyourselvesPluralAblativevōbis(by, etc.) you(by, etc.) yourselvesNo. 128 B. Non-reflexiveMascFemNeuterSingNomisheeasheiditSingGenējusof himhisējusof herherējusof ititsSingDateīto or for himeīto or for hereīto or for itSingAcceumhimeamheriditSingAbl.eō(by, etc) himeā(by, etc) hereō(by, etc) itPlNomeītheyeaetheyeathey (those things)PlGeneōrumof themtheireārumof themtheireōrumof themtheirPlDateīsto or for themeīsto or for themeīsto or for themPlAcceōsthemeāsthemeathem (those things)PlAbl.eīs(by, etc) themeīs(by, etc) themeīs(by, etc) themCHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 3Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises116-119163-164 (review from week 1)117131-133Vocab cards – page 117 before exercise 132-133Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4THE INTERROGATIVE PARTICIPLE – NE (pg 117- 119)When no interrogative adverb or pronoun is used, questions may be asked by putting the most emphatic word (generally the VERB) first and adding – NE.Was he praising Caesar? Laudābatne Caesarem?Do you fight for the king? Pugnāsne prō rēge?Were they friends of the Romans? Erantne amīcī Rōmānōrum?Vocabulary (pg 117)ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis - speech, prayersemper, adverb – alwayssīcut, conjugation – asin prīncipiō – in the beginningin saecula saeculōrum - world without end, forever-ne - particupe used in questionsNote: ?rātiō means prayer only in Christian Latin.S2W3Related English Words: The priest reads the orations after the Kyrie Eleison.Related Latin Word: Marīa prō omnibus hominibus ōrat.Assignment: Review neuter nouns of the third declensiopn in the Mastery Review Vocabulary (pages 91-98)Exercises 132 – 133 (pg 117- 119) (Assigned: Ex. 132-133)CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 4Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises120-122165, 168, 171120135-138Vocab cards – page 120 before exercisesWeekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4LESSON 10: THE PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MONE? (pg 120 – 124)The principal parts of regular verbs of the second conjugation are formed by dropping the -eō of the first person present indicative and adding -ēre, uī, itus. (Note: when the verb is intransitive, the fourth principal part ends in -itum.)mon-eō, mon- ēre, mon- uī, mon-itushab-eō, hab-ēre, hab-uī, hab-itusMany second conjugation verbs, however, are irregular in their principal parts. These will be written out in full in the vocabularies and must be memorized. But the present infinitive active ALWAYS ends in -?RE (with the first ē long!)All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -?RE belong to the second conjugation.Vocabulary (pg 120)moneō, 2, tr. - warn, advisetimeō, timēre, timuī, 2 tr. - fearterreō, 2, tr. - terrifyhabeō, 2, tr. - havearma, armōrum – armsS2W4Note: Timeō has no fourth principal partArma is a neuter plural of the second declension.Related English Words A timorous soul; a timid person; rearmamentNow that you know the model laudō, moneō is quite easy!Find the stem by dropping the ending of the present infinitive active, thus: monēre, STEM: mon-.Add -eō for the first person present indicative active.For the other endings use the endings of the first conjugation but change the first a of the endings to e.ASSIGNMENT: Write out the present, imperfect, and future of moneō without looking in the book. Then compare with the model, Grammar Nos. 165, 168 and 171. Learn the model.Exercises 134 – 143 (pg 121 – 124) (Assigned: S2W4 - Ex. 135-138, S2W5 - 139, 140, 142)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 4165, 168, 171No: 165 : Present Tense (present stem) : I advisemon-eō – I advise, I am advising, I do advisemon-ēs - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-et - he, she, it advises; he, she, it is advising; he, she it does advisemon-ēmus – we advise, we are advising, we do advisemon-ētis - You advise, You are advising, You do advisemon-ent – they advise, they are advising, they do adviseNo: 168 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was advisingmon-ēbam- I was advisingmon-ēbas - you were advisingmon-ēbat – he, she, it was advisingmon-ēbāmus – we were advisingmon-ēbātis – you were advisingmon-ēbant – they were advisingNo. 171: Future Tense (present stem): I shall advisemon-ēbō – I shall advise (you shall be advising)mon-ēbis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbit – he, she, it will advise (he, she, it will be advising)mon-ēbimus – we shall advise (we shall be advising)mon-ēbitis – you will advise (you will be advising)mon-ēbunt – they will advise (they will be advising)CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 5Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises120-124 (review W4)165, 168, 171 (review W4)Review139, 140, 142Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 6Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises125 – 131123, 124, 346125, 128144-147Vocab cards – page 125 before exercises 144-147Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4LESSON 11: PERSONAL PRONOUNS (pg 125 - 139)Pronouns of the FIRST person are those which refer to the SPEAKER OR WRITER. In English they are: I (ME), WE (US).Pronouns of the SECOND person are those which refer to the person spoken TO. In English they are: YOU (THOU, THEE, YE)Pronouns of the THIRD person are those which refer to the person or thing spoken or written ABOUT. In English they are : HE (HIM), SHE (HER), IT, THEY (THEM)1. PRONOUNS OF THE FIRST PERSON (pg 125 – 127)ASSIGNMENT: Learn the declension of ego, I, and nōs, we, Grammar No. 123. Study the English meanings carefully. Vocabulary (pg 125)ego, meī - Inōs, nostrī - wevideō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus, 2. tr. - seesaepe, adverb - oftenS2W6Note: Videō forms its principal parts differently from the model moneō. Memorize all the parts given here.Related English Words: An inflated ego. Napoleon was egotistical. Visual aids. The shepherds saw a vision of angels.ASSIGNMENT: Review the forms of sum, present tense, Grammar No. 346Exercises 144 – 146 (pg 126 - 127) (Assigned: S2W6 – 144-145)2. Pronouns of the Second Person (pg 128- 131)Assignment: : Learn the declension of tū, you, and vōs, you, Grammar No. 124. Study the English meanings carefully. Notice that the English uses the SAME forms for the singular and plural while the Latin has different meanings. Vocabulary (pg 128)tū, tuī - you (sing)vōs, vestrī - you (pl.)teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus, 2., tr. - holdmoveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus, 2., tr. - movetamen, adverb - neverthelessneque, conj. - nor, and...notRelated English Words:Napoleon possessed a tenacious and indomitable wall. Motion pictures.Review Vocabularyimperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general, emperor (Note: Imperator in nonmilitary languageis to be translated as emperor)Exercises 147 – 149 (pg 128 - 131) (Assigned: S2W6 – 147)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 6123, 124, 346No. 123: First PersonSingularNominativeegoISingularGenitivemeīof meof myselfSingularDativemihito meto myselfSingularAccusativemememyselfSingularAblativeme(by, etc.) me(by, etc. ) myselfPluralNominativenōswePluralGenitivenostrīnostrumof usof ourselvesPluralDativenobisto usto ourselvesPluralAccusativenōsusourselvesPluralAblativenobis(by, etc.) us(by, etc.) ourselvesFootnotes: mē - Mēcum, tēcum, nōbīscum, vōbīscum are used for cum, mē, etc.Nostrī and vestrī are objective genitives only (see No. 684)Nostrum and vestrum are used as partitive genitives (See no. 686)S2W6No. 124: 2nd Person PronounsSingularNominativetūyouSingularGenitivetuīof youof yourselfSingularDativetibito youto yourselfSingularAccusativetēyouyourselfSingularAblativetē(by, etc.) you(by, etc. ) yourselfPluralNominativevōsyouPluralGenitivevestrīvestrumof youof yourselvesPluralDativevōbisto youto yourselvesPluralAccusativevōsyouyourselvesPluralAblativevōbis(by, etc.) you(by, etc.) yourselvesNo. 346 – Indicative PresentSingular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, isPlural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they areCHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 7Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercises132-135128, 129, 479133150-152Vocab cards – page 133 before exercisesWeekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4PRONOUNS OF THE THIRD PERSON (pg 132 – 135)When used as the personal pronoun of the third person, īs, ea, id, has the meaning he, she, or it. Since Latin pronouns must agree in GENDER and NUMBER with the Latin words to which they refer, a masculine or feminine Latin form is often translated by the English it.He saw the army and feared it. Vīdit exercitum et timuit eum.Assignment: Learn the declension of is, ea, id, he, she, it and eī, eae, ea they, those. Grammar Nos. 128 – 129. Study the English meanings carefully. Note that the plural can be formed by adding the endings of māgnī, ae, a to the stem e-. Study the rule for agreement of pronouns in Grammar No. 479.Vocabulary (pg 133)ia, ea, id he, she, itsustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentus, 2., tr. - sustain, withstandfīnēs, fīnium, m. - territoryNote: Fīnēs is a plural noun of the third declension.Related Latin words:Teneō, fīnitimus.Exercises 150 – 152 (pg 133 – 135) (Assigned: Ex. 150-152)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 7128, 129, 479No. 128 B. Non-reflexiveMascFemNeuterSingNomisheeasheiditSingGenējusof himhisējusof herherējusof ititsSingDateīto or for himeīto or for hereīto or for itSingAcceumhimeamheriditSingAbl.eō(by, etc) himeā(by, etc) hereō(by, etc) itPlNomeītheyeaetheyeathey (those things)PlGeneōrumof themtheireārumof themtheireōrumof themtheirPlDateīsto or for themeīsto or for themeīsto or for themPlAcceōsthemeāsthemeathem (those things)PlAbl.eīs(by, etc) themeīs(by, etc) themeīs(by, etc) themNo. 129 Note: 1. The meanings given for the masculine and feminine of is, ea, id hold only when the pronouns refers to PERSONS. Otherwise all forms are translated as in the neuter. Urbem cēpit. Posteā eam incendit. He took the city,. Afterwards, he burned it.No 479A pronoun agrees with the word to which it refers, in gender and number; its case depends on its use in sits own clauseCHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 8Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg 135-139127pg 137153-155Vocab cards – page 137 before exercisesWeekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4DIRECT REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (pg 135 – 139)We pray for OURSELVES.A good man does not praise HIMSELF.In these sentences the pronoun himself and ourselves REFER BACK to the subject; that is, they stand for the SAME person (or persons) as the SUBJECT.A PRONOUN THAT REFERS BACK TO THE SUBJECT OF ITS OWN CLAUSE IS CALLED A DIRECT REFLEXIVE.The oblique cases (the genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative) of the regular pronouns which you have learned, ego, nōs, tū, vōs, are used as the DIRECT REFLEXIVES of the FIRST and SECOND persons.We pray for ourselves. Prō nōbis ōrāmus.But when a pronoun of the THIRD PERSON refers back to the subject of its own clause, the proper form of suī must be used instead of is, ea, id.A good man does not praise himself. Homō bonus sē nōn laudat.S2W8Assignment: Learn the declension of suī, Grammar No. 127. Notice that each form can mean himself, herself, itself or themselves according to the MEANING of the word to which it refers. Personal Pronouns of the 3rd PersonVocabulary (pg 137)suī - himself, herself, itself, themselvesetiam, adv. - alsoenim, conj., postp. - forExercises 153 – 155 (pg 137 – 139) (Assigned: Ex. 153-155)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 8No. 127 a) ReflexiveNom. …........... …..............Gen suī of himself, herself, itself, themselvesDat. sibi to himself, herself, itself, themselvesAcc sē (sēsē) himself, herself, itself, themselvesAbl sē (sēsē) (by, etc.) himself, herself, itself, themselvesEī sē laudābant. They were praising themselves.Marīa sē nōn laudat. Mary does not praise herself.Caesar sē laudābat. Caesar was praising himself.Legiō sē laudābat. The legion was praising itself. CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 9Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg 140-144166, 169pg 140, 141, 143158-160, 162Vocab cards – page 140-141 before exercises 158-160Vocab cards – page 143 before exercises 158-162Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4LESSON 12: PRESENT SYSTEM ACTIVE OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION (pg 140-146)PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION (pg 140)The principal parts of verbs of the third conjugation must be memorized from the vocabularies. There is no general rule for their formation.The present infinitive active, however, always ends in -ere (with the first e short!) This is the sign of the third conjugation. How then can you tell the difference between the second and the the third conjugation?Exercise 156 (pg 140) (not assigned)PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITT? (pg 140 – 142)Assignment: Study the model for the present indicative active in Grammar No. 166. Note that:The final personal signs are the same as for the other conjugations.The third person plural has U in the ending.S2W9Vocabulary (pg 140-141)dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus, 3, tr. - lead, guidegerō, gerere, gessī, gestus, 3. tr. - carry, carry on, wage (w. bellum)dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus, 3. tr. - defendīnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus, 3. tr. - draw up, equipmittō, mittere, mīsī, missus, 3, tr – sendfortiter, adv. - bravely, stronglyRelated English Words: What is the difference between a missive and a missle? It is safer to build viaducts over railroad tracks. St. Francis Xavier was a great Catholic missionary. St. Francis Borgia wa the Duke of Gandia before he became a Jesuit.Related Latin Words:Chrīstus est dux omnium hominum. Caesar erat fortis.Exercises 157 – 160 (pg 141-142) (Assigned: Ex. 158-160)3. IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITT? (pg 143 – 145)The endings of the imperfect in the third conjugation are EXACTLY like those of the SECOND conjugation.ASSIGNMENT: Learn the model, Grammar No. 169Vocabulary (pg 143)vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus, 3. tr. - conquerpetō, petere, petīvī, petītus, 3. tr. - seek, beg, requestpellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus, 3. tr. - drive, repulse, routlitterae, litterārum – letter (i.e. an epistle) , dispatchNote: Litterae is a plural noun of the first declension ( like cōpiae)Related English Words: A petition presented to Congress; a victorious generalRelated Latin Word: Imperātōrēs propter victōriās laudāmus.Exercises 161 – 165 (pg 143-145) (Assigned: S2W9 - Ex. 162, S2W10 – Ex. 163-165)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 9Active Voice – Indicative MoodNo: 166 : Present Tense (present stem) : I sendmitt-eō – I send, I am sending, I do sendmitt-is – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-it – he, she, it sends; he, she, it is sending; he, she, it does sendmitt-imus – we send, we are sending, we do sendmitt-itis – you send, you are sending, you do sendmitt-unt – they send, they are sending, they do sendNo: 169 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was sendingmitt-ēbam – I was sendingmitt-ēbās – you were sendingmitt-ēbat – he, she, it was sendingmitt-ēbāmus – we were sendingmitt-ēbātis – you were sendingmitt-ēbant – they were sendingCHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 10Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg 144-146No. 172pg 145163-165, 167Vocab cards – page 145 before exercises 167Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 44. FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE OF MITT? (pg 145 – 146)The future indicative active of the third conjugation is quite different from that of the first and second. The personal signs are the SAME, but there is NO TENSE SIGN and the VOWEL of the endings change.Assignment: Study the model, Grammar No. 172, carefully.Vocabulary (pg 145)pōnō, pōmere, posuī, positus, 3. tr. - put, place, set, pitch (w. castra)contendō, contendere, contendī, 3. intr. - strive, contend, hastenagō, agere, egī, āctus, 3. tr., - drive, do, act, treatibi, adv. - theredē, prep. w. abl. - concerning, about Note:Pōnō means pitch only when it is used of a camp. When an in-phrase is used to modify pōnō, in always takes the ABLATIVE.Contendō has no fourth principal parts.Agō is not the helping verb do, as in “I did love” or “I do fight”; it is an independent verb, as in “I did it.”Exercises 166 – 168 (pg 146) (Assigned: S2W10 - Ex. 167, S2W11 – Ex. 168)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 10No. 172: Future Tense (present stem): I shall sendmitt-am – I shall send (I shall be sending)mitt-ēs – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-et – he, she, it will send (he, she, it will be sending)mitt-ēmus – we shall send (we shall be sending)mitt-ētis – you will send (you will be sending)mitt-ent – they will send (they will be sending)CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 11Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg 146-149No. 167, 170, 173pg 147168-171Vocab cards – page 147 before exercises 169Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4LESSON 13: PRESENT SYSTEM ACTIVE OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION (pg 147 – 150)To form the principal parts of regular verbs of the fourth conjugation, drop the -iō of the first person singular present indicative and add -īre, īvī, ītus (notice the long ī). Thus:aud-iō, audīre, aud-īvī, aud-ītusASSIGNMENT: Study the present tense of audiō, Grammar No 167Vocabulary (pg 147)audiō, 4. tr. - hearmuniō, 4. tr. - fortify, construct (w. viam or viās)veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum, 4, intr. - comeconveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum, 4. intr. - come together, assembleper, prep. w. acc. - throughNote: Veniō (as is clear from its meaning) is intransitive; i.e. It can not take an object in the accusative case. The fourth principal part of INTRANSITIVE verbs is written -um, not -us (ventum). This will be explained later.S2W11Related English WordsMunitions of war. The Senate convened to discuss the treaty. The 1944 Democratic convention nominated Roosevelt and Truman. The auditorium was packed.Related Latin Word: AdventusExercises 169 – 174 (pg 148 - 150) (Assigned:S2W11 Ex. 169-171, S2W12 – 172-174)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 11No. 167, 170, 173Active Voice – Indicative MoodNo: 167 : Present Tense (present stem) : I hearaud-iō - I hear, I am hearing, I do hearaud- īs – you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-it – he, she, it hears; he, she, it is hearing; he, she it, does hearaud- īmus – we hear, we are hearing, we do hearaud- ītis - you hear, you are hearing, you do hearaud-iunt – they hear, they are hearing, they do hearActive Voice – Indicative MoodNo: 170 : Imperfect Tense (present stem) : I was hearingaud-iēbam - I was hearingaud-iēbās – you were hearingaud-iēbat – he, she, it was hearingaud-iēbāmas – we were hearingaud-iēbātis - you were hearingaud-iēbant – they were hearingNo: 173 : Future Tense (present stem) : I shall hearaud-iam - I shall hear (I shall be hearing)aud-iēs – you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-iēt – he, she, it will hear (he, she, it will be hearing)aud-iēmas – we shall hear ( we shall be hearing)aud-iētis - you will hear (you will be hearing)aud-ient – they will hear (they will be hearing)CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 12Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg 149 – 152 (text starts on pg 151)No 14-24, 346-348, 474, 477pg 151pg 153 (reading is in W13)172-175 Vocab cards – page 151 before exercises 175Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4LESSON 14: PRESENT SYSTEM INDICATIVE OF SUM (pg 151 - 154)PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE OF SUM (151 - 153)ASSIGNMENT: Review the present indicative of sum, Grammar No 346. Learn the imperfect and future indicative, Grammar no. 347 and 348. Note that:The final personal signs are the same as in the four conjugations.The third person plural of the future is erunt.Vocabulary (pg 151)sum, esse, fuī, futūtus, intr. - amundique, adv. - from all sides, on all sidestēlum, ī – dartNote: Sum has no PASSIVE; therefore is has no perfect participle passive. The future active participle is given as the fourth principal part. We shall study these participles later.Assignment: Review the list of adjectives on pages 96 and 97 and the rules of agreement, Grammar Nos 474 and 477Exercises 175 – 176 (pg 151 – 153) (Assigned: Ex. 175) S2W122. COMPOUNDS OF SUM (pg 153 - 154)Vocabulary (pg 153)absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus, intr.; ab (ā) w. abl. - am away, am distantlongē, adv. - far, by farNote: Absum is a compound of the preposition ab and the verb sum. Therefore it is conjugated like SUM. The place away from which something is, is expressed by the preposition ab (ā before consonants), from, and the ablative. Thus:Caesar was away from the camp. Caesar a castrīs aberat.Related English Word: Many members of Congress were absent.Related Latin Word: Via longa erat.Exercises 177 – 178 (pg 153 – 154) (Assigned: S2W13 -Ex. 177) GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 12No 14-24, 346-348, 474, 477No. 14 - Nouns have gender, number, case and declensionNo. 15 - Gender. There are three genders in Latin: masculine, feminine, neuter. No. 16 - All nouns meaning individual male persons are masculine. No. 17 - All nouns meaning individual female persons are feminine. No. 18 - The gender of other nouns must be learned from their declension of from the vocabularies. No. 19 - Number. There are two numbers in Latin: singular and plural. No. 20 The singular speaks of one: via, a road. No. 21 The plural speaks of more than one: viae, roads. No. 22 Case. There are six cases in Latin: Nominative: the case of the Subject. Genitive: the case of the Possessor. Dative: the case of the Indirect Object; the ‘to’ or ‘for’ caseAccusative: the case of the Direct Object.Ablative: the ‘by-with-from’ case [ used frequently with prepositions]Vocative: the case of the Person Addressed. No. 23 Declension. Declension consists in adding the proper ENDINGS to the STEM to show the different genders, numbers, and cases No. 24 Stem. The stem is found by dropping the ENDIGN of the GENITIVE SINGULAR. vi-ae, stem: vi-S2W12No. 346 – Indicative PresentSingular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, isPlural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they areNo. 347 – Indicative ImperfectSingular – eram - I was erās – you were erat – he, she, it wasPlural – erāmus – we were erātis – you were erant – they wereNo. 348 – Indicative FutureSingular - erō – I shall be eris – you will be erit – he, she, it will bePlural - erimus – we shall be eritis – you will be erunt – they will beNo. 474 - A predicate adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and caseVīta brevis est.Life is short.No. 477 - An attributive adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number and case.Mīles fortis pugnat.The brave soldier fights.CHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 13Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg152-157No. 142-150, 174, 177-179, 349pg 153, 156176, 177, 179, 180 Vocab cards – page 153 before exercises 177Vocab cards – page 156 before exercises 179, 180Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4LESSON 15: THE PERFECT SYSTEM ACTIVE (pg 155 - 162)THE PERFECT ACTIVE STEM (pg 155)The perfect system of the indicative active includes the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect tenses. These are all formed on the PERFECT ACTIVE STEM. The perfect active stem is found by dropping the ending -ī of the third principal part.laudāv-ī stem: laudāv-monu-ī stem: monu-mīs-ī stem: mīs-audīv-ī stem: audīv-fu-ī stem: fu-S2W13THE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE (pg 155 – 160)The PERFECT tense expresses a past act. There are three forms in English.I praised.I did praise. (used in questions, in negative statements, and for emphasis).I have praised (action completed in present time; called the PRESENT PERFECT).For all these, Latin has one form: the PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE.The perfect indicative active of ALL LATIN VERBS, REGULAR AND IRREGULAR, is formed by:Finding the perfect stem from the third principal part;Adding the endings shown in the model, Grammar No. 174Note that the final personal signs are the same as in the present system except in the first person and second person singular, laudāv-ī and laudāv-istī.ASSIGNMENT: Learn the conjugation of laudāvī, monuī, audīvī, fuī, Grammar No. 174, 177-179, and 349 Vocabulary (pg 156)collocō, 1. tr. - place, stationmaneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, 2. tr. - remaincompleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus, 2. tr.; w. abl. - fill (with)cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessūrus, 3. intr. - give way, yieldatque (ac), conj. - andNote: When compleō is modified by a with-phase is translated by the ablative without a preposition. Hence the notation w. Abl.He filled the camp with grain. Castra frūmentō complēvit. Related English Words: Mexico ceded California to the United State. The destroyer has its full complement of men.Related Latin Words:Marīa est grātiā plēna. In locum tūtum vēnit.Exercises 179 – 182 (pg 156 – 160) (Assigned: Ex. 179-180; S2W14 - 182)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 13No. 142-150, 174, 177-179, 349VerbsNo 142 Verbs have voice, mood, tense, number, and person. No 143 Voice. There are two vocies: active and passive. No 144 a. The active represents the subject as acting or being. Lēgātum laudō. I praise the envoy. Valeō. I am well. No 145 b. The passive represents the subject as acted upon. Laudor. I am praised. No 146 Mood. There are three moods: indicative, subjunctive, imperative. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)No 147 Tense. There are six tenses: present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect. (The meanings and used of these moods and tenses must be learned by syntax)No 148 Number. There are two numbers: singular and plural. No 149 Person. There are three persons: First (the one speaking – I, we) Second (the one spoken to – you) Third (the one spoken of – he, she, it, they)No 150 Conjugation consists in adding the proper endings to the proper stem to show the different voices, moods, tenses, numbers and persons. S2W13No 174Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)Singular – 1. laudāv-ī - I praised ( I have praised) 2. laudāv-istī - you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-īt - he, she, it praised ( he, she, it has praised)Plural - 1. laudāv-imus - we praised ( we have praised) 2. laudāv-istis you praised ( you have praised) 3. laudāv-ērunt – they praised (they have praised) No 177Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)Singular – 1. monu-ī - I advised (I have advised) 2. monu-istī - you advised ( you have advised) 3. monu-īt - he, she, it advised (he, she, it has advised)Plural - 1. monu-imus - we advised ( we have advised) 2. monu-istis - you advised (you have advised)monu-ērunt – they advised (they have advised)No 178Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)Singular – 1. mīs -ī - I sent ( I have sent) 2. mīs-istī - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs -īt - he, she, it sent ( he, she, it has sent)Plural - 1. mīs-imus - we sent ( we have sent) 2. mīs-istis - you sent ( you have sent) 3. mīs-ērunt – they sent (they have sent)No 179Indicative Mood – Perfect Tense (Present Stem)Singular – 1. audīv-ī - I heard ( I have heard) 2. audīv-istī - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-īt - he, she, it heard ( he, she, it has heard)Plural - 1. audīv-imus - we heard ( we have heard) 2. audīv-istis - you heard ( you have heard) 3. audīv-ērunt – they heard (they have heard)S2W13No. 349 Indicative PerfectSingular – 1. fu-ī - I have been, I was 2. fu-istī - you have been, you were 3. fu-īt - he, she, it has been; he, she it wasPlural - 1. fu-imus - we have been, we were 2. fu-istis - you have been, you werefu-ērunt – they have been, they wereCHALLENGE A – SEMESTER 2 WEEK 14Read (pg #s)GrammarVocab (pg #s)Exercisespg 160 – 162No. 175, 176, 180-185pg 160182-185Vocab cards – page 160 before exercises 183-185Weekly PlanDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 4PLUPERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE (pg 160 - 162)Vocabulary (pg 160)incitō, 1. tr. - incite, arouseadjuvō, adjuvāre, adjūvī, adjūtus, 1. tr. - help, aidservō, 1. tr – guard, keepperturbō, 1. tr. - confuse, disturbincendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus, 3. tr. - set fire to, burntum, adv. - then, at that timeRelated English words:Incendiary bombs. The general's adjutant. He was very perturbed.ASSIGNMENT: Learn the models in Grammar Nos. 175 – 176 and 180 – 185, for the pluperfect indicative active and the future perfect indicative active. Notice that the PERFECT stem is used and that the endings are the SAME in all conjugations.Exercises 183 – 185 (pg 161-162) (Assigned: Ex. 183-185)GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 2 WEEK 14No. 175, 176, 180-185No 175Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)Singular – 1. laudāv-eram - I had praised 2. laudāv-erās - you had praised 3. laudāv-erat - he, she, it had praised Plural - 1. laudāv-erāmus - we had praised 2. laudāv-erātis - you had praised 3. laudāv-erant – they had praiseNo 176Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Tense (Perfect Stem)Singular – 1. laudāv-erō - I shall have praised 2. laudāv-eris - you will have praised 3. laudāv-erit - he, she, it will have praised Plural - 1. laudāv-erimus - we shall have praised 2. laudāv-eritis - you will have praised laudāv-erint – they will have praisedNo 180Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)Singular – 1. monu-eram - I had advised 2. monu-erās - you had advised 3. monu-erat - he, she, it had advisedPlural - 1. monu-erāmus - we had advised 2. monu-erātis - you had advised 3. monu-erant– they had advisedNo 181Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)Singular – 1. mīs -eram - I had sent 2. mīs-erās - you had sent 3. mīs -erat - he, she, it had sent Plural - 1. mīs-erāmus - we had sent 2. mīs-erātis - you had sent 3. mīs-erant – they had sentS2W14No 182Indicative Mood – Pluperfect Tense (Perfect Stem and the imperfect of sum)Singular – 1. audīv-eram - I had heard 2. audīv-erās - you had heard 3. audīv-erat - he, she, it had heardPlural - 1. audīv-erāmus - we had heard 2. audīv-erātis - you had heard audīv-erant – they had heardNo 183Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)Singular – 1. monu-erō - I shall have advised 2. monu-eris - you will have advised 3. monu-erit - he, she, it will have advisedPlural - 1. monu-erimus - we shall have advised 2. monu-eritis - you will have advised monu-erint– they will have advisedNo 184Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)Singular – 1. mīs -erō - I shall have sent 2. mīs-eris - you will have sent 3. mīs -erit - he, she, it will have sent Plural - 1. mīs-erimus - we shall have sent 2. mīs-eritis - you will have sent 3. mīs-erint – they will have sentNo 185Indicative Mood – Future Perfect Stem (Perfect Stem)Singular – 1. audīv-erō - I shall have heard 2. audīv-eris - you will have heard 3. audīv -erat - he, she, it will have heardPlural - 1. audīv-erimus - we shall have heard 2. audīv-eritis - you will have heard audīv-erint – they will have heard ................
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