Philosophical Anthropology - MTF

Philosophical AAnntInhtrroopdoulcotigoyn: Copyrightw?wMwi.dthweeoslotgTihceaolfolorguimca.ol rFgorum

Midwest Theological Forum Downers Grove, Illinois

Table of Contents

xiii Foreword

Part One: The Human Person, a Corporeal-spiritual Being

1 Chapter 1: Philosophical Anthropology, or the Philosophy of Man

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113.1.1. Unity 123.1.2. Organicity 123.2. Dynamic, or Operational, Characteristics 123.2.1. Self-movement 133.2.2. Adaptation 14 4. Degrees of Life and Operations of Life 144.1. Vegetative Life 154.2. Sensory Life 154.3. Intellective Life 164.4. Conclusion: The Degrees of Life Are Characterized

by"Cumulativeness,"Depending on the Operations of Life

vi

Philosophical Anthropology: An Introduction

19 Chapter 3: The Soul, or the Vital Principle 19 1. Premise: Form and Matter, Substance and Accidents 20 2. The Soul as Substantial Form of Living Beings:

Two Definitions of Soul 212.1. The Structural, or Constituent, Viewpoint:

The Soul as Form of the Body 222.2. The Dynamic, or Functional, Viewpoint:

The Soul as First Principle of Operations 22 3. Characteristics of the Soul 24 4. The Global Perspective

27 Chapter 4: The Living Body 27 1. Inert Matter and Living Body

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44 2. Faculty of the Individual or Faculty of the Soul? 452.1. Structural Viewpoint:

The Faculties as Accidental Properties of the Soul 462.2. Dynamic Viewpoint:

The Faculties and the Activity of the Individual 47 3. Typology and Interaction of the Human Faculties 473.1. Distinctions Among the Faculties 483.2. The Interaction of Man's Faculties

Contents

vii

51 Chapter 6: Human Knowledge: The External Senses 51 1. Cognitive Life 511.1. To Be and to Know 531.2. Transitive Action and Immanent Action 541.2.1. Transitive Actions 541.2.2. Immanent Actions 551.3. Cognitive Activity 56 2. Sense Knowledge 562.1. Sense Faculties and Intellectual Knowledge 572.2. The Organs and Faculties of Sense 59 3. External Senses 613.1. Touch 623.2. Taste

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81 Chapter 8: Human Knowledge: The Intellect 81 1. Intellectual Knowledge 82 2. What We Know with the Intellect and How We Know It 84 3. Self-awareness, or Self-knowledge 85 4. Intelligence and Speech 87 5. The Mind-body Problem

viii

Philosophical Anthropology: An Introduction

91 Chapter 9: Tendential Dynamism and Freedom 91 1. Tendencies and Instincts 92 2. The Plasticity of Human Tendencies 94 3. The Will, or Spiritual-type of Tendency 95 4. The Voluntariness of Actions and Freedom 97 5. Deterministic Concepts 975.1. The Determinism of Certain Scientific Theories 995.2. Sociologism and Psychologism

103 Chapter 10: Affective Dynamism 103 1. Philosophical Reflections on Affectivity 103 2. Terminological Clarification 104 3. Tendencies and Affections

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124 3. Integrating the Sexual Impulse into the Idea of Love as a Gift 126 4. Sexuality and the Maturation of the Person

129 Chapter 12: Spirituality, Death, and Immortality 129 1. Monism, Dualism, and Duality 130 2. The Existential, or Philosophical, Problem of Death 131 3. More on the Soul-body Relationship 132 4. Immateriality and Immortality 134 5. At the Origin of the Person

Contents

ix

Part Two: Personal Self-fulfillment, Between Relationality and Historicity

137 Chapter 13: Who Is the Person? 137 1. The Centrality of the Person 137 2. Phenomenological Perspective and Metaphysical Perspective 140 3. Metaphysical Analysis of the Notion of Person 1423.1. Inalienability 1433.1.1. Unrepeatability 144 3.1.2. The Consequences of Inalienability 1463.2. Completeness 1483.3. Intentionality and Relationality

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159 1. The Task of Self-fulfillment 162 2. Authentic Existence 165 3. Coherence and Faithfulness 166 4. Persons and Individuals 168 5. The Experience of Freedom 170 6. The Experience of Evil 172 7. The"Checkmate"of Pain 173 8. Self-fulfillment and Self-transcendence 1748.1. Dynamism and Tension 1758.2. Interiority and Exteriority 1778.3. Self-distancing, Love, and the Giving of Self 1798.4. Self-transcendence of the Person and Transcendence

x

Philosophical Anthropology: An Introduction

181 Chapter 15: The Relationality of the Person 181 1. Originariness of Relationality 182 2. Man Is Social by Nature 184 3. Socializing Tendencies and Social Virtues 1853.1. Relations with the Origins, Tradition, and Authority 1883.2. Relations of Reciprocity and Friendship 1893.3. The Roots of Society 191 4. Personal Self-fulfillment and Society 193 5. Individualist Conceptions and Collectivist Conceptions 1945.1. Self-sufficiency and Individualism 1955.2. Forms of Collectivism

199 Chapter 16: Culture

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213 Chapter 17: Values 213 1. Personal Existence Oriented Toward Values 2131.1. The Hierarchy and Experience of Values 2141.2. The Transmission and Recognition of Values 2151.3. Stability of Values and Personal Self-fulfillment 2171.4. The Contrubution of Max Scheler's Axiology 219 2. Metaphysical Analysis of Value 2192.1. Value and Being 2202.2. Value, Beauty, and Truth

Contents

xi

225 Chapter 18: Work, Feast, and Play 225 1. The Work of Man in the World 226 2. The Notion of Work 228 3. Subjective and Objective Meanings of Work 229 4. Relational Significance and Ecological Significance of Work 230 5. Technology and the Relationship with Nature 232 6. Feast 234 7. Play

237 Chapter 19: Time and History 237 1. History and Freedom 238 2. Cyclical and Linear Nature of History 241 3. Biographical Temporality

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