Philosophy of History



Philosophy of History Midterm Study Sheet – Midterm, September 27, 2017Short answer questions. The following is a list of many of the key terms and concepts we have discussed so far in class. Use this list to prepare for the short answer section of the midterm. There will be 10 short answer questions on the exam, of which you are to answer 8 (5 points each).Bread-and-butter scholar3 types of historyUniversal historyspiritLessons from new worldfreedom4 problems in doing historycunning of reasonimperishable chainStatehistorian’s taskOriental worldinner causal nexusPersiansteleological historyGreek tragedy, democracy, sporttwo methods to historical truthproblems with Greek spiritreason in historyreformationself-consciousnessend of historyEssay question. Two of the following three will be on the midterm. You are to write an essay on one of those two (60 points):An important issue in the philosophy of history is address problems of bias that may slip into historical accounts. Hegel’s distinction between original, reflective, and philosophical history is one way to address this problem. In this essay, discuss the problem of bias – give examples – and then discuss how Hegel’s distinction may be able to address it.In a number of ways, Hegel’s understanding of history develops themes that were also found in the writings of Schiller and Humboldt. In this essay highlight the significant places where Hegel’s philosophy of history develops points that were found in Schiller’s and Humboldt’s texts. How does Hegel’s approach differ? Elaborate. How, finally, might one find a Hegelian understanding of history expressed within contemporary discourse and society?Using Hegel to interpret the history of western cultures, one can claim that there is a pendulum shift from individual to universal-centered periods of history. Discuss some of these periods and the historical evidence Hegel and others might present to make this case. Hegel then argues that the oscillation between individual and universal finally ends with the state as that which embraces both the universal and the individual. Explain how Hegel believes the State does this. ................
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