102 Exam 1 practice W17 - Western Washington University

PHILOSOPHY 102 INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC PRACTICE EXAM 1

W#____________________________________________ Section (10am or 11am) ___________ 1. True or False (10 points) Directions: Circle the letter next to the best answer. 1. T F All true statements are valid. 2. T F All valid arguments are sound. 3. T F A counterexample is an exception that proves the rule. 4. T F The statements that compose a disjunction are called conjuncts. 5. T F In the sentence "John will go if Suzie goes," the consequent is "John will go". 2. The Counterexample Method (30 points) Directions: Using the scheme of abbreviation provided, state the form of the arguments below. Then use the counterexample method to show that it is invalid. It is best to employ terms whose interrelations are well known, such as "cat," "dog," "collie," "mammal," and "animal"; or, "square," " triangle," "3-sided," "4-sided," "plane figure," and "geometrical figure". If you must, you can use fire and air and the like. (1) If Morris is the best rebounder, then Steve is the best scorer. Morris not is the best rebounder. So, Steve is not the best scorer. (C = Morris is the best rebounder; S = Steve is the best scorer)

(2) The Vikings will continue to play well given that the starting five stay healthy. Therefore, the Vikings will continue to play well. (V = The Vikings will continue to play well; H = The starting five stay healthy)

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3. The Famous Forms Method (30 points) Directions: Using the scheme of abbreviation provided, state the form of the argument. Then use the famous forms method to argue that it is valid. (1) If it's morally alright to use aborted human fetuses for research purposes, then it's morally alright to manufacture human fetuses for research purposes. It is not morally alright to manufacture human fetuses for research purposes. So, it's not morally alright to use aborted human fetuses for research purposes. (U = It's morally alright to use aborted human fetuses for research purposes; M = It's morally alright to manufacture human fetuses for research purposes)

(2) If Wilma is going to college in California, then Fred will turn down the job in Florida. Moreover, there is every reason to believe that Wilma is going to college in California. It follows like mud on a happy pig that Fred will turn down the job in Florida. (W = Wilma is going to college in California; F = Fred will turn down the job in Florida)

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4. Definitions (30 points) Directions: Fill in the blanks and answer the questions. Note: Exam 1 will include 15 of the items below. See the textbook summaries of definitions for (nearly) all the answers. 1. Logic is... 2. What is an argument? 3. What is a statement? 4. To say a statement is true is to say that... 5. To say a statement is false is to say that... 6. What is a deductive argument? 7. What is an inductive argument? 8. To say that an argument is valid is to say that... 9. To say that an argument is invalid is to say that... 10. To say that an argument is sound is to say that... 11. To say that an argument unsound is to say that...

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12. What is an argument form? 13. What is a substitution instance of an argument form? 14. What is a valid argument form? 15. To say that an argument is formally valid is to say that... 16. What is a conditional statement? 17. What are the parts of a conditional statement called? 18. What is a negation? 19. What is a disjunction? 20. What are the parts of a disjunction called? 21. What is modus ponens? 22. What is modus tollens?

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23. What is disjunctive syllogism? 24. What is hypothetical syllogism? 25. What is constructive dilemma? 26. What is the fallacy of denying the antecedent? 27. What is an invalid argument form? 28. What is a counterexample to an argument form? 29. What is a good counterexample to an argument form? 30. What is the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

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