At-a-Glance Test Review: Test of Preschool Early Literacy ...
At-a-Glance Test Review: Test of Preschool Early Literacy (TOPEL)
|Name of Test: Test of Early Literacy (TOPEL) |
|Author(s): Lonigan, C., Wagner, R., Torgesen, J., & Rashotte, C. |
|Publisher/Year (Please provide original copyearight as well as dates of revisions): not published yet |
|Forms: No Alternate Forms |
|Age Range: 3 - 5 years |
|Norming Sample: |
|Total Number: 842 |
|Number and Age: 212 (3 year olds); 313 (4 year olds); 317 (5 year olds) |
|Location: 2 states – 4 major US geographical areas to represent U.S. whole (TOPEL closely approximates the U.S. population). The manual provides details. |
|Demographics: not stated |
|Rural/Urban: not stated |
|SES: not stated |
|Other (Please Specify): |
|Summary Prepared By (Name and Date): Denyse Hayward (15 January 2007) |
|Purpose of Test: Three purposes are identified: 1. identify children who are likely to have problems learning to read and write; 2. document progress in early literacy related skills as a result |
|for intervention; and 3. measure early literacy skills in research studies. |
|Theoretical Model: The key skills that are measured are precursors to learning to read and write; oral language, phonological awareness & print knowledge are cornerstones to learning to read & |
|write. Early identification and intervention would prevent many reading problems. The National Reading Report identifies three basic problems: lack of understanding of alphabetic principle; lack |
|of verbal knowledge for comprehension of written text; and motivation to read. |
|Areas Tested: Oral Language (Vocabulary); Print Knowledge (Environmental Print, Alphabet); Phonological Awareness (Blending, Elision,); Writing – claimed but not tested. |
|Who Can Administer: Early school educators, special educators, psychologists, and other diagnosticians may administer this test. |
|Administration Time: The administration time is 30 minutes (total test) for 96 total items. |
|Test Administration : The authors recommend five trial administrations before using this test. It contains picture book style items that child must respond to. Three subtests: Print Knowledge (36 |
|items); Definitional Vocabulary (35 items); Phonological Awareness (27 items) are included. |
|Test Interpretation: Kids who score above average (> 110) are not likely to have problems learning to read and write. Kids who score in the average range (90 – 110) perform like most kids their |
|age. Kids who score below average (< 90) are below developmental the trajectory that predicts success in learning to read and write. |
|Standardization: |
|Age equivalent scores Grade equivalent scores Percentiles Standard scores Stanines Other (Early Literacy Index –Composite of Three Subtests) |
| |
|Reliability: |
|Internal consistency of items: The entire sample the 3 age groups (3-, 4-, and 5 year olds) was used. Coefficient alphas all round were reported to be .90 or above (range .86 to .96) for subtests |
|and composite scores. |
|Test-retest: 45 kids from North Dakota were tested twice within a two week time period. |
|Inter-rater: Reliability was reported above .90 (range .96 - .98) for all subtest and composite scores. |
|Other: |
|Validity: |
|Content: Research indicated that the 3 areas assessed in TOPEL (Print Knowledge, Definitional Vocabulary, and Phonological Awareness) provided unique aspects of early literacy important to |
|predicting later reading skills. |
|Criterion Prediction Validity: The authors examined the correlations between TOPEL means and standard deviations with TERA. All but one correlation was large or very large. |
|Construct Identification Validity: Age differentiation, gender and ethnicity, and language skills were examined. |
|Differential Item Functioning: TOPEL mean scores were within average range for all groups, but Hispanic-American Bilingual homes performed below average. |
|Other |
|Summary/Conclusions/Observations: |
|Clinical/Diagnostic Usefulness: The usefulness of TOPEL is questionable because tasks are too complex. This test does not measure what it claims to measure. |
References
Lonigan, C., Wagner, R., Torgeson, J., & Rashotte, C. (2007). Test of preschool early literacy. Greenville, SC: Super Duper Publications.
To cite this document:
Hayward, D. V., Stewart, G. E., Phillips, L. M., Norris, S. P., & Lovell, M. A. (2008). At-a-glance test review: Test of preschool early literacy (TOPEL). Language, Phonological Awareness, and Reading Test Directory (pp. 1-2). Edmonton, AB: Canadian Centre for Research on Literacy. Retrieved [insert date] from .
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