Phonological process Chart - PlayWorks Therapy Inc.

[Pages:2]Phonological process

Cluster reduction

Final consonant deletion Initial consonant deletion

Weak syllable deletion Epenthesis Backing

Fronting Affrication Deaffrication Alveolarization Depalatalization Labialization Gliding Stopping

Description

Example

Approximate age of

elimination

When a consonant cluster is produced with only one consonant

"truck" ? "tuck" "slide" ? "side" "brown" ? "bown"

When the last consonant of a word is omitted When the first consonant of a word is omitted

"dog" ? "daw" "dog" ? "awg"

When the first unstressed syllable of a word is omitted When a sound is added between two consonants, often "uh" When alveolar sounds /t/ or /d/ are substituted with /k/ or /g/

"banana" ? "nana" "plane" ? "puh-lane"

"bus" ? "buhk" "lid" ? "lig"

When velar sounds /k/ or /g/ are substitued with alveolar sounds /t/ or /d/ When a non-affricate is substitued with an affricate, "ch" or "j" When an affricate "ch" or "j" is substituted with a fricative or stop, like "sh" or /d/ When an non-alveolar sound is substitued with an alveolar sound When a palatal sound is substituted with a non-palatal sound When a non-labial sound is substituted with a labial sound, /m/, /p/, or /b/. When /l/ or /r/ becomes a /w/ or /y/ sound When a fricative or affricate is

"bag" ? "bad" "lake" ? "late"

"doggie" ? "joggie"

"choo-choo" ? "shoo shoo" "chip" ? "dip"

"shoe" ? "tu" "make" ? "nake"

"dish" ? "dit"

"toad" ? "poad" "nail" ? "mail"

"yellow" ? "yewo"or "yeyo" "rock" ? "wock" "foot" ? "put"

~4 years; Including /s/, gone by 5 years

~3 years Never typical; seen in more severe phonological disorders ~4 years ~8 years

Never typical; seen in more severe phonological disorders ~3.5 years

~3 years

~4 years

~5 years

~5 years

~6 years

~6 years /f, v, s, z/ by 3

replaced with a stop

"jump" ? "dump"

Vowelization Assimilation Denasalization Final Consonant Devoicing

Prevocalic Voicing

Coalescence Reduplication

When /l/ or "er" sounds are replaced with a vowel When a consonant is substituted with another consonant within the word When a nasal consonant like /n/ or /m/ is substituted with a nonnasal sound like /d/ or /b/ When a voiced consonant at the end of the word, like /d/ is produced as its unvoiced counterpart, like /t/ When an unvoiced consonant at the beginning of the word, like /f/, is produced as its voiced counterpart, like /v/ When two phonemes are substituted with a consonant that has similar features When a sound or incomplete syllable is repeated

"apple" ? "appo" "color" ? "colluh" "ladder" ? "dadder" "bub" ? "bus"

"monkey" ? "bunkey" "nose" ? "dose"

"bug" ? "buck" "road" ? "wrote"

"fish" ? "vish" "sip" ? "zip"

"spoon" ? "foon"

"bottle" ? "baba"

years "ch" "sh" "th" "j" by 5 years -~3 years

~2.5 years

~3 years

~6 years

--

~3 years

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