BIO 1 ESSAY QUESTIONS – EXAM 1



BIO 1 EXAM 2 ESSAY QUESTIONS: Four of these essay questions will be on the exam and you will choose to write on three out of the four. Each of the three questions will be worth 10 exam points.

1. A) Define the two forms of energy (potential and kinetic energy) and give an example of each.

B) Using the 2nd of Law of Thermodynamics, explain why no process involving energy conversion is 100% efficient.

C) Explain how the loss of energy to heat has affected Arctic peoples. To do this, state what Arctic peoples produce more of than non-Arctic peoples and why this is an advantage and a disadvantage for them.

2. A) Describe why ATP is able to store a lot of energy.

B) Describe what happens to ATP when energy is needed by your cells.

C) Describe how energy is put back into ATP after it is used.

3. A) State what an enzyme is.

B) State what metabolism is and how enzymes are involved in metabolism.

C) Briefly describe how enzymes work.

D) Describe two situations that would cause enzymes to stop working.

4. Aerobic Cellular Respiration (getting energy from food) involves four steps: Glycolysis, the Prep Reaction, the Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. State:

A) where each step takes place in a cell,

B) what inputs enter into each step,

C) and what outputs come out of each step.

5. A) Describe what Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Fermentation) is.

B) State why organisms would us this method.

C) State the waste products of fermentation in yeast and in animals.

6. A) Describe the different rates of energy production that occur in ectothermic and endothermic animals. Your answer should describe how body temperature and activity levels of ectotherms and endotherms are affected by external temperature change.

B) State an advantage and disadvantage of being an ectotherm

C) State an advantage and disadvantage of being an endotherm.

7. A) Describe what photosynthesis is by stating the three main inputs that are needed for the process to occur and the two main outputs that are produced by the process.

B) Photosynthesis involves two stages the Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Describe each stage by stating the inputs that go into and the outputs that are produced in each stage. Also, state where in the chloroplast each stage takes place.

8. A) State 1) when C3 plants open their stomata, 2)what will happen when C3 plants are in high light and temperature conditions, 3) what the advantage of using C3 photosynthesis is and in what conditions it works best in and 4) the types of plants that use C3 photosynthesis.

B) State 1) when C4 plants open their stomata, 2) what the advantage of C4 photosynthesis is when dealing with water loss and photorespiration in high light and temperature conditions, and 3) one specific type of plant that uses C4 photosynthesis

C) State 1) when CAM plants open their stomata, 2) what the advantage of CAM photosynthesis is when dealing with water loss and photorespiration in high light and temperature and 2) one type of plant that uses CAM photosynthesis.

MORE QUESTIONS ON BACK OF THIS PAGE

9. Read the online article “Spring Forward” and answer the following questions:

A) Describe the cascading effects that changes in weather patterns have caused on the 1) budding of oak trees, 2) the peaking of moth caterpillars and 3) the food abundance for great tit hatchlings.

B) Describe how climate change is responsible for the decrease in numbers of Adelie penguins living on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.

10. A) According to the video “Capturing Carbon”:

1. Briefly describe this “green machine” that has been invented, state what it does, and what problem it may help solve in the future.

B) According to the video “Algae Fuel”:

1. Photosynthesizing algae produce oxygen, sugar, and what other product which can be converted into biodiesel (biofuel)?

2. What are the two major disadvantages of producing corn based ethanol as biofuel? 3. What is an advantage of producing algae for biofuel? 4. What is a disadvantage of producing algae for biofuel?

11. Describe how energy flows in living things. Use the figure in your outline to help you and make sure you describe each step completely. Start by describing how the sun’s energy is used and transformed.

12. Draw a section of DNA that shows all four bases and these labeled parts (you have diagram of this in your textbook):

A) Phosphate group

B) Deoxyribose (sugar)

C) Nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T) and cystosine (C). Make sure to bond the correct bases together!

13. A) Describe what happens in each of the two steps of protein synthesis: Transcription and Translation. Also state where in the cell each step occurs.

B) Describe two reasons, that we discussed in class, why the discovery of the universal genetic code is so important to science. And state one good and one bad consequence of this universality.

14. Read the online article “The Quest for the $1000 Human Genome” and answer the following questions:

A) According to this article, whose genome are “454 Life Sciences” scientists decoding?

B) Describe what was discovered about the Tasmanian devil during a DNA decoding machine training course.

C) Describe the advantage of cheaper and more accessible human genome sequencing.

D) Describe the disadvantage of cheaper and more accessible human genome sequencing.

15. A) Name the two types of gene mutations that we discussed and describe the specific change in DNA that each type involves.

B) State which type of mutation has a greater overall effect on protein production and explain why.

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