Biology Unit 4: Metabolism Photosynthesis & Cellular ...

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Biology Unit 4: Metabolism ? Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Essential Skills 5-1. Be able to name the reactants and products of Aerobic Cellular Respiration. 5-2. Be able to name the reactants and products of Photosynthesis. 5-3. Explain how the reactants and products of photosynthesis and respiration relate to each other.

Study Guide Photosynthesis

1. Write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis (label the reactants & the products).

H2O + CO2 - - - - - - > C6H12O6 + O2

Reactants

light products

2. What is the role of the following items in photosynthesis: a. Chloroplast: Site of Photosynthesis b. Thylakoid membrane: Site of the light reaction c. Pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, cartenoids: absorb light and break apart water

3. Label the diagram on the right with the following terms:

a. Calvin Cycle b. ATP c. NADPH d. Light e. Light Reaction f. 02 g. H20 h. CO2 i. PGAL (Sugar)

4. Complete the following chart that summarizes the 2 steps of photosynthesis:

Reaction

Location

Reactants

Products

Light Reaction

Thylakoid Sunlight + water

ATP, NADPH, Oxygen

Calvin Cycle (Dark Rxn)

Stroma

ATP + NADPH + Carbon Dioxide PGAL

5. In Photosynthesis, what is water used for? What is CO2 used for? Water is split apart and the Hydrogen is used to help make glucose. The Carbon dioxide is used to bond with the Hydrogen to make water.

6. What is PGAL? How does this relate to Glucose? PGAL is a carbohydrate= ? of a glucose

7. Why is the dark reaction described as a "Cycle"? How many CO2's are required to make 1 PGAL? How many CO2's are required for one glucose molecule? It is a cycle because it needs to pick up 3 CO2's and 6 Hydrogen for each PGAL. Therefore it needs to pick up 6 CO2's for one glucose

Cellular Respiration

8. Write the overall equation for Cellular Respiration (label the reactants and the products).

C6H12O6 + O2 ---> ATP + CO2 + H2O

Reactants

products

9. What is the purpose for cellular respiration in cells? What types of organism perform cellular respiration?

MAKES ATP!!!! All living things need ATP for cell energy.

10. What does ATP stand for? Why is it so important for all living things? Adenosine Triphosphate. This is the energy molecule in all living things

11. Explain the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration by filling out the chart below:

Location of Process in Oxygen Used?

Cell

(yes or no)

Amount of ATP produced?

Organisms that do this process

Anaerobic Respiration

Cytosol

NO

2

Some single-celled organisms

Aerobic Respiration

Mitochondria

YES

38

Most single-celled and ALL multi-celled

12. What happens after Glycolysis if oxygen is not present? Does this help make more ATP?

Pyruvic Acid is the molecule that is left after GLYCOLYSIS. If no oxygen, then FERMENTATION occurs. Fermentation does not produce more ATP

13. Why does Lactic Acid Fermentation occur in your muscle cells? What type of fermentation occurs when making bread? Why? When there is no oxygen our muscles do Lactic Acid Fermentation because the Pyruvic Acid could damage our cells. Alcohol Fermentation is used in making bread, because the Carbon Dioxide makes our bread "airy".

14. Why are anaerobic organisms usually always small and single-celled? Explain. Since they do not need a lot of energy, the 2 ATP produced per glucose is enough for them.

15. Do plants perform cellular respiration? Why or why not?

YES. Plants create glucose (stored energy) in photosynthesis, but must release this energy (into ATP) during respiration. Plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria.

16. Using your knowledge of cellular respiration, why does your heart rate and breathing rate increase during physical activity? Why do your muscles sometime burn when working out?

More oxygen and glucose are needed in your muscles during exercise, therefore your heart rate and breathing rate increase to help deliver these molecules faster. If low in oxygen, then lactic acid fermentation causes "burn".

17. Label the diagram on the right with the letters of the following terms: a. Glucose b. Oxygen c. 38 ATP d. Carbon dioxide e. Water f. Glycolysis g. Krebs Cycle/Citric acid cycle h. Electron transport i. Mitochondria

1. a 2. f

3. i 4. b

5. g

6. h

7.d

8. e

18. Complete the following chart that summarizes the 3

9. c

steps of aerobic respiration:

Name of Stage Location in cell Oxygen Required?

Glycolysis

Cytosol

NO

Krebs Cycle (Citric Mitochondrial

Acid Cycle)

Matrix

YES

Electron Transport

Inner

YES

Mitochondria

Membrane/crista

e

# of ATP Produced 2 2 34

19. In Respiration, what is O2 used for? How is water produced? Why is CO2 released? Oxygen "pulls" the electrons through electron transport and collects them. When oxygen collects electrons it also collects hydrogen, forming WATER. Carbon dioxide is released as electrons are "stripped" from glucose.

20. Why are plants considered "Producers or Autotrophs" and animals are "Consumers or Heterotrophs"? Plants can make their own sugar, therefore they are producers. Animals must eat other organisms to get their sugar, therefore they are consumers.

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