Warm-Up Phrases, and Clauses - Edgenuity Inc.

Warm-Up

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Words, Phrases, and Clauses

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Lesson How does punctuation convey meaning and add style

Question to writing?

Lesson Goals

Apply punctuation

rules for commas, parentheses, dashes, and colons.

Distinguish between restrictive and phrases and

nonrestrictive

clauses.

Use parallel

structure in writing.

Use punctuation to

add style

and convey specific meaning.

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Warm-Up

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Words, Phrases, and Clauses

W2K

Words to Know

Write the letter of the definition next to the matching word as you work through the

lesson. You may use the glossary to help you.

__H___ appositive ___C__ colon __B___ comma ___E__ dash G _____ nonrestrictive D _____ parallel structure __A___ parentheses ___F__ restrictive

A. punctuation marks used to emphasize content enclosed in the parentheses; they set off nonessential material, such as clarifying information or sources, from a sentence

B. a punctuation mark that separates parts of a sentence into segments

C. a punctuation mark used after an independent clause to introduce a list, explanation, or long quotation; after the greeting in a business letter; and in time notations

D. the use of the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas are equally important; words joined in the same pattern, usually using conjunctions such as and or or

E. a punctuation mark used to set off or emphasize the content enclosed within two dashes or after a single dash

F. essential; modifying elements of a sentence that are necessary to the meaning of the sentence and do not use commas

G. nonessential; modifying elements of a sentence that do not change the meaning of the sentence if they are removed and that must be set off by commas

H. a word or phrase that renames or explains another noun in a sentence

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Instruction

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Words, Phrases, and Clauses

Slide

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Phrases and Clauses

Phrases and clauses can add important information and details to

sentences.

Phrase

Clause

? Two or more words forming a

unit within a sentence or clause

? Example: Kenisha was an

exceptionally talented musician.

? A group of words that contains a

subject and a verb

? Example: Because she loved music, Kenisha chose to study the oboe.

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Restrictive Phrases and Clauses

Restrictive phrases and clauses are essential to the meaning

of a sentence and are not set apart by punctuation.

Examples: ? The musicians wearing the red ties are playing in the jazz band. ? I'm not sure what to eat, but I think I'll eat something that is light and healthy.

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Instruction

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Words, Phrases, and Clauses

Slide

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Nonrestrictive Phrases and Clauses

Nonrestrictive phrases and clauses are a way to add extra

information to sentences.

Examples:

? That dog, with the gray spots, belongs to my neighbor.

? Those boys, who played in the band together, are all going to

study music.

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Appositives

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that defines or explains

another noun.

Restrictive appositive

Nonrestrictive appositive a

? Is essential to the meaning

? Adds extra information or

of the sentence

details to the sentence

? Example: I went to hear the

? Example: The New York

orchestra with my sister Daniela.

Philharmonic, the oldest orchestra

in the United States, also plays

holiday music.

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Instruction

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Words, Phrases, and Clauses

Slide

9

Commas

The comma is a versatile punctuation mark that indicates a pause

or separation.

Follows introductory

To address her fears, Ophelia

phrases and clauses

spoke.

Sets off nonrestrictive

phrases and clauses

Ophelia, the sister of Laertes, has a conflict.

Commas

Separates independent clauses

Separates, three or more

words, phrases, or clauses

Hamlet is a prince, and Ophelia is not.

Ophelia loves Hamlet, Laertes, and her father.

Parentheses

Parentheses

sentence.

are used to set off

nonessential

information in a

Enclose information that is important but not directly related to the main idea of the sentence

William Shakespeare (the playwright of all playwrights) wrote Hamlet in 1599.

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