APTA Physical Therapy Workforce Analysis

[Pages:10]APTA Physical Therapy Workforce Analysis

A Report From the American Physical Therapy Association

December 2020

Introduction

The goal of workforce planning is to optimize access to physical therapy. By analyzing and forecasting workforce supply and demand, it's possible to identify shortage areas, evaluate employment potential, and bolster advocacy that improves health care delivery. This report uses data from multiple sources to evaluate the physical therapy workforce as of 2019. (It is important to emphasize that while this report was released in 2020, the data was collected prior to the COVID-19 health crisis, which affected employment across health care. For more on the effects of COVID-19, see APTA's report "Impact of COVID-19 on the Physical Therapy Profession.") Data sources include APTA's membership database and practice profile survey, the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education, the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the United States Census Bureau, and analysis by Deloitte of the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. You will note differences in the data from these sources. Wherever possible, we have noted differences in how these sources report their data.

?2020 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Geographic Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Number of Licensed Physical Therapists Per 100,000 People by State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Number of Licensed PTAs Per 100,000 People by State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Number of Employed Physical Therapists by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Number of Employed Physical Therapist Assistants by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 APTA Physical Therapist Membership by State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 APTA Physical Therapist Assistant Membership by State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Median Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sex and Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Median Salary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Median Salary by Sex and Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Race and Ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Race and Ethnicity of Physical Therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Race and Ethnicity of Physical Therapist Assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Race and Ethnicity of the U.S. Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Projecting the Supply and Demand of PTs Through 2030. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Physical Therapist Supply and Demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 PTA Projections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 APTA Workforce Planning History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Geographic Distribution

As of 2019, there were 312,716 licensed physical therapists and 127,750 licensed physical therapist assistants in the United States, according to data from the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy. Based on the U.S. population, there are 95 physical therapists per 100,000 people and 39 physical therapist assistants per 100,000 people. The maps below show a

brNeaukdmowbn oef rtheosef nLumicbeersninseeacdh sPtatTe.s per 100,000 People by State

Number of Licensed Physical Therapists per 100,000 People by State

66 98

65

68

60

38

55

66

54

48

52

67

94 54

80 77 52

56

78 84

73 89

74

82

71

74

58 62

113

117 112

89 110

113 90 93

109 76 34 76

62

Washington, D.C.

65 57

59

61

55

52

42

44

56

43

34

117

Number of Licensed PTAs per 100,000 People by State

Number of Licensed Physical Therapist Assistants per 100,000 People by State

27 27

20

37

30

18

23

24

17

20

28

14 6

17 15

49 56 45

32

2

31 31

41 42

39

44

45

67

53 43

33

22 36

27 41

17 27

23 53 19

2 40

34

Washington, D.C.

45 40

29

48

31

40

52

17

44

67

?2020 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.

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TLPahbeTomrESaptmastibpsetlilocoswy. msheowntthbe yU.SS. dtaisttreibution of PT and PTA employment as of 2019, according to data from the Bureau of

Number of Employed Physical Therapists by State

6,160

1,150

2,890

1,390

480

1,570 21,730

1,890

3,600

5,100 1,380

640

640 920 1,660

2,340

4,670

1,270

5,590

760

8,060

17,710 1,250

2,080

7,540 3,930

11,800

1,100

4,490 10,170 5,025,06580,2201,2606,7426,0514010,077,8060Washington, D.C.

2,300 15,400

4,920

6,310

1,990

1,630

3,170

2,770 5,430

2,960

13,750

790 480

PTA Employment by State

Number of Employed Physical Therapist Assistants by State

21,730

1,580 810

280

590 170

470 5,750

800 2,900

1,500 600

240

130 280

650 1,240

1,590 350

1,600

150

3,540

5,410 330

1,030

2,520 630 390

3,980 2,620 6,040

5,330 1,420

1,880

2,480

1,570

760 190 340

2,930

Washington, D.C.

1,550 7,550

1,370 810

3,290

2,820

1,580 1,790 2,570

1,490

6,780

190 130

7,550

?2020 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.

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The maps below show the U.S. distribution of PT and PTA membership in APTA as of 2019, according to the association's

member datAabPaseT. A Physical Therapist Membership by State

APTA Physical Therapist Membership basy Sotfa1t2e/31/2019

2,702 1,330

557

567 243

691 8,364

1,028 1,707

2,111 510

714 422 1,076

953

2,205 545

2,423

388

1,303

2,702

6,207 498 2,455

1,161 413

3,226 1,564 3,200

4,776 2,688

1,551

1,777

1,309

523 424 461

2,859

Washington, D.C.

742 5,844

666 626

1,061

1,727

2,638

1,111 869 2,311

5,278 397

316 243

8,364

APATAPPThyAsicPal hThyesraipcisat lAsTsihsteanrtaMpeimsbt eArsshispibsytSatantte Membership by State as of 12/31/2019

273

59

150

90

31

56

195

942

137

255 140

60 26 7

19 61 261

231 214

1,194

194 243

170 401

302

25

483

238 524 88

211

15 23 487

191

154 40 451

102

193

7 28

415

Washington, D.C.

96 177

200

346

274

258

202 212

1,255

1,255

?2020 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.

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Median Age

PTs

PTAs

Data Source

40

34

APTA (2019)

42

41

BLS (2019)*

41

37

Data USA (2018)*

*BLS and Data USA combine PTAs and physical therapy aides when reporting age.

Sex and Gender

Sex refers to a person's biological characteristics. Gender refers to a person's social identity. For purposes of this report, it is unclear whether PTs and PTAs were self-reporting their sex or gender, or if options other than "male/man" or "female/ woman" were available to respondents.

PTs

PTAs

Data Source

Women

Men

Women

Men

65%

35%

71%

29%

APTA (2019)

68%

32%

63%

37%

BLS (2019)

70%

30%

68%

33%

Data USA (2018)

*BLS and Data USA combine PTAs and physical therapy aides when reporting sex/gender.

Median Annual Salary

PTs

PTAs

Data Source

$85,000

$52,000

APTA (2016)

$89,440

$58,790

BLS (2019)*

$78,350

$48,022

U.S. Census Bureau (2018)*

*BLS and Census combine PTAs and physical therapy aides when reporting salary data.

Median Annual Salary by Sex and Gender

According to a Pew Research Center analysis, in 2018, in the U.S. across all professions, women earned 85% of what men earned. Based on APTA data, female PTs earned 90% of what male PTs earned, and female PTAs earned 91% of what male PTAs earned. Similarly, based on Data USA data, female PTs earned 80% of what their male counterparts earned, and female PTAs earned 89%. This information shows that regardless of the economic data, gender wage gaps are notably present, and the physical therapy profession is not immune to this systemic issue.

PTs

PTAs

Women

Men

Women

Men

$81,118

$90,000

$50,000

$55,000

$67,550

$84,281

$34,493

$38,870

*Data USA combines PTAs and physical therapy aides when reporting salary data.

Data Source

APTA (2016) Data USA (2018)*

?2020 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.

7

Race and Ethnicity

Black and Hispanic/Latino PTs and PTAs are underrepresented in the physical therapy profession, compared with the general population based on U.S. Census data.

APTA is seeking to address this gap through numerous activities, including expanded student recruitment efforts to diversify the pipelines into the profession, formal recommendations to the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education regarding accreditation standards and required elements that would improve diversity in PT and PTA education programs, the development of a standing committee on diversity, equity, and inclusion, and various DEI fundraising efforts, including the two-year Campaign for Future Generations.

Visit DEI to learn more.

Race and Ethnicity of Physical Therapists

PTs White (not Hispanic) Black (not Hispanic) Asian (not Hispanic) American Indian (not Hispanic) Hispanic/Latino Other

APTA (2019) 84.3% 2.5% 6.9% 0.4% 3.5% 2.4%

Data USA (2018) 76.7% 3.6% 12.9% 0.2% 5.3% 1.4%

Race and Ethnicity of Physical Therapist Assistants

PTAs

APTA (2019)

White (not Hispanic)

81.2%

Black (not Hispanic)

3.4%

Asian (not Hispanic)

4.0%

American Indian (not Hispanic)

1.0%

Hispanic/Latino

8.0%

Other

2.5%

*Data USA combines PTAs and aides when reporting race and ethnicity.

Data USA (2018)* 73.8% 5.8% 7.0% 0.0% 11.8% 1.7%

Race and Ethnicity of the U.S. Population

U.S. Population per U.S. Census Categories (2018)

White alone Relates to White (not Hispanic) in previous table

Black or African American alone Relates to Black (not Hispanic) in previous table

Asian alone Relates to Asian (not Hispanic) in previous table

American Indian and Alaska Native alone Relates to American Indian (not Hispanic) in previous table

Hispanic or Latino Relates to Hispanic/Latino in previous table

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone Relates to Other in previous table

Some other race alone Relates to Other in previous table

Two or more races Relates to Other in previous table

60.22% 12.32% 5.56% 0.67% 18.27% 0.17% 0.25% 2.54%

?2020 American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.

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