Ms Lee's SCIENCE CLASS 2O13 - Home



Metals as MaterialsAchievement ObjectivesAchievedMeritExcellenceNaming different materials.carrying out a range reactions to observe physical and chemical properties of selected metals.describe reactivity with oxygen, water and acids.describe the properties and uses of metals.using chemistry vocabulary, pleting word equations.gathering primary data about rusting of iron.Practical SkillsUsing a triple-beam balance.using a measuring cylinder.Linking the properties of metals and their uses.order metals in a series based on their reactivity.linking the uses of metals to their reactivity with oxygen, water, and other chemicals.using a range of chemistry vocabulary and symbols.writing word equations.gathering quality primary data, processing and interpreting primary data about rusting of iron.Discuss the use of selected metals in everyday life.linking the occurrence of metals to their reactivity.writing balanced symbol equations.processign and interpreting primary or secondary data about conditions that affect usefulness of metals.Metals as MaterialsAchievement ObjectivesAchievedMeritExcellenceNaming different materials.carrying out a range reactions to observe physical and chemical properties of selected metals.describe reactivity with oxygen, water and acids.describe the properties and uses of metals.using chemistry vocabulary, pleting word equations.gathering primary data about rusting of iron.Practical SkillsUsing a triple-beam balance.using a measuring cylinder.Linking the properties of metals and their uses.order metals in a series based on their reactivity.linking the uses of metals to their reactivity with oxygen, water, and other chemicals.using a range of chemistry vocabulary and symbols.writing word equations.gathering quality primary data, processing and interpreting primary data about rusting of iron.Discuss the use of selected metals in everyday life.linking the occurrence of metals to their reactivity.writing balanced symbol equations.processign and interpreting primary or secondary data about conditions that affect usefulness of metals.Lesson 1: Many different types of meterials we use in everyday life.Class Activity Classify these materials into two different groups (Categories).Copper, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron, Gold, Silver, Mercury, Oxygen, Chlorine, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Neon, HeliumMetalsNon-MetalsClass Activity Write down 5 uses of metals in the classroomWrite down 5 uses of non-metals at home.Science Nation - Metal Foam: of lead: poisoning: objects are usually strong, shiny and can be bent without breaking.Most metals are found as ores (=metal compounds). These ores are smelted to extract the pure metal. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements bonded together.A pure metal is an element.Element is a pure substance and is made up of one kind of atom.Sometimes another element is mixed into a molten metal to give an alloy. Eg. Nickel + Aluminium + Copper gives gold coins.Lesson 2: Physical Properties of MetalMaterials can be divided into many groups based on chemical and physical properties.Metals as a materialMetals have many aspects of their appearance and the way that they act that make each metal similar to the others. We call these similarities physical properties. Because we can group metals together as being similar elements, they are placed together on the periodic table. Metals can be found on the left hand side of the periodic table. Of the 109 known elements, at least 80 are metals. Most have common features such as:They conduct electricityThey conduct heatLustre (shiny) when cleaned.They are malleable (can be bent and hammered without breaking).They are ductile (can be pulled out into wires).Are solids (except mercury).PHYSICAL PROPERTIESAll metals have certain physical properties, which they have in common. The most obvious of these is their appearance. They are usually a grey colour with the exception of copper (which is usually referred to as pink) and gold (which as a yellow colour). If a metal is polished or freshly cut, it will also have a lustre or shininess. All metals are in a solid state at room temperature with the exception of mercury, which is the liquid metal used in thermometer.Metals also have the ability to be reshaped easily. They can be bent into different shapes or hammered out into a sheet without the metal breaking. We call this ability to reshape, malleability.Another property that all metals have in common is their ability to be stretched out into wires, once again, without breaking. We call this ability to stretch, ductility. Metals are often used to make bells and this is because they are sonorous. When we hit a metal with another hard object, it makes a ringing sound.The physical properties of metals can be summarised as follows:LustreMalleableDuctileSonorousConductors of heat and electricityUsually grey – except copper and goldUsually solids at room temperature – except mercuryActivity Draw a table to show comparison of metal and non-metal’s physical properties.PHYSICAL PROPERTIESMETALNON-METALAppearanceStateColourDensityMalleabilityDuctileThermal (heat) conductivityElectrical conductivityPHYSICAL PROPERTIESMETALNON-METALAppearanceShiny when freshly cutDullStateSolid at room temperature.Except ______.Gas (or liquid like bromine)ColourSilvery whiteExcept ______ and _____DensityHigh* _____ and ____ are light metals.LowMalleabilityMalleableCan be _____ into different shapes without breaking.Brittle.Break or shatter when hammered.DuctileDuctileCan be drawn out into ____.Not ductileThermal (heat) conductivityGoodPoorElectrical conductivitygoodPoorExcept ____HomeworkPg86 Q4: The word puzzleLesson 3: Practical LessonExperiment 1:Measuring Density of different metalsAim: To find out the density of some common metals.Method: Check a metal cube (ie. Fe = Iron)Measure the length of one side. Find the volume.Volume (cm3)= s x s x sMeasure the mass of the cube. Use the triple beam balance.Find the density of iron.Result: Record in the table below.Material (name of the metal)Mass(g)Volume (cm3)Density g/ cm3Conclusion: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________HomeworkPg87 Q5: Copy and complete the chart which summarises the properties of some metals, then answer the questions below. The term ‘atom mass’ refers to the mass of an atom compared to a hydrogen atom..Lesson: Practical LessonExperiment 2:Electrical conductivity of common metalsH.O.M: Aim: To find out electrical conductivity of common metals..Method: using the electrical conductivity apparatus provided, test whether the metal will conduct electricity.Results:Name of materialMetal or Non metalElectrical Conductor or InsulatorGraphite(carbon)Non- MetalconductorAluminiumMetalConductorCopperMetalConductorRubberNon-metalInsulatorWoodNon-metalInsulatorPlasticNon-metalInsulatorIronmetalconductorConclusion: Metals are good conductors of electricity. Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity, except graphite.Metal properties and atoms (pg 85)HomeworkPg86 Q3: Decide whether the following statement are true or falseDemonstrationExperiment 3:Thermal conductivity of common metalsAim: To find out thermal conductivity of common metals..Method: using the thermal conductivity apparatus provided, test whether the metal will conduct electricity.Results:Name of materialThermal Conductor / InsulatorConclusion: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lesson: Uses of metalsRelating Metal properties to their usesMetalSymbolUsesProperty InvolvedCopperAluminiumMercuryLeadZincTinSilverGoldIronMetalSymbolUsesProperty InvolvedCopperCuPipes, Wires, Cooking potsUnreactive with air and waterExcellent electrical conductorGood thermal conductorAluminiumAlAircraft frames, wiresStrong, light/weight / unreactiveGood conductor / ductileMercuryHgThermometresExpands regularly with heatLeadPbRoof flashing, fishing sinkersSoft/ very malleableVery denseZincZnGalvanising(coating with Zn)Forms a protective coatingTinSnTin coatingUnreactive with air and waterSilverAgJewelleryMalleable/ lustrous/ unreactiveGoldAuJewelleryMalleable/ lustrous/ unreactiveIronFeCar bodies,Structural steel.Forms a strong alloys / malleable and flexible.HomeworkPg86 Q2: Identify each of the metals used below, and state property of that metal which is related its use.Activity Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Metals will usually snap when they are bent.The surfaces of most metals are shiny when freshly cut.All metals have high melting points making them solids at room temperature.Aluminium is lightweight, strong metal.Copper is used in cooking pots as it is a good thermal conductor.Aluminium is used in galvanising.ANSWERS:Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Metals will usually snap when they are bent.FThe surfaces of most metals are shiny when freshly cut.TAll metals have high melting points making them solids at room temperature.FAluminium is lightweight, strong metal.TCopper is used in cooking pots as it is a good thermal conductor. TAluminium is used in galvanising. FPg 86 - 87Complete Question 1,2,3,6,7Metal ReactionsMetal + other reactant ProductThe three important chemical properties of metals are how they react with water, oxygen and acids.Metal + Oxygen Metal oxideMetal + water Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gasMetal + acids Salt + Hydrogen gasMetals and OxygenWhen an alkali metal reacts with oxygen in air, an oxide is produced.Metal + Oxygen Metal oxideOxygen gas is an extremely reactive chemical and readily combines with most other chemicals. When oxygen combines with another substance the reaction is called oxidation. Slow oxidation occurs at ordinary temperatures and produces no light or heat. Eg. Rusting, tarnishingFast oxidation produces lots of heat and light. This is called combustion. Only a few very reactive metals burn really easily, such as Magnesium and Sodium. Experiment :Combustion of MagnesiumMagnesium is one of the most common elements in Earth’s crust. In its pure form, it is silvery white, and relatively soft. It is often used in fireworks. Warning: Burning magnesium produces some ultraviolet light. Avoid looking directly at it.Aim:To find out how magnesium reacts with oxygen during the combustion.Equipment: Magnesium ribbon, Bunsen burner, tong, safety matMethod: Prepare a strip of magnesium ribbon about 2cm long.Set up a Bunsen burner.Use a tong to hold the strip of magnesium ribbon.Put the magnesium ribbon into the flame to start the combustion reaction.Record any changes.Result: ____________________________________________Conclusion: _______________________________________Magnesium + Oxygen __________ ___________ and waterMetal + Water Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen gasSome metal reacts with water, especially hot water or steam. Copper is used for hot water pipes because it does not react with hot water.Not all metals react with cold water. Some metals only react slowly react more quickly with hot water or steam.Reaction of metals with water:React with hot waterReact with steamNo reaction with waterReaction with cold waterMagnesiumAluminium, Zinc, IronTin, Lead, Copper, Silver, GoldSodium, Lithium, Calcium Observation of Water and Metal reaction:MetalAction in waterSodium, CalciumStrong bubbling in cold waterMagnesiumGas given off in hot waterAluminium, ZincBubbling in steamIron, LeadSlow bubbling in hot waterCopper, Silver, GoldNo reactionDemonstration :Sodium metal in waterWarning: Must wear safety glasses as the experiment involves fire and small explosion. Sodium is a very reactive metal which must be handled with care.?Sodium is usually kept under mineral oil to keep it from reacting with oxygen or water in the atmosphere.Aim: To observe the reaction of sodium metal in cold water.Method: 1. ________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________3. ________________________________________________Result: ____________________________________________Conclusion: _______________________________________ Sodium + Water _______ ________ + _____ + heat Discussion: Sodium reacts with water to form Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Gas. The reaction produces a lot of heat, which is sufficient to melt the metal if enough of it is used. The molten metal may start to boil and break apart. This speeds up the reaction rate due to the increase in surface area. Then the hydrogen gas is ignited and explosion occurs. The energy produced during the reaction causes sodium metal to catch on fire.?Questions Write word equations to describe the reactions of the following metals with steam.Iron:Iron + water iron hydroxide + hydrogen gasAluminium:Aluminium + water aluminium hydroxide + hydrogen gasZinc: Zinc + water zinc hydroxide + hydrogen gasWhy is copper used for hot water pipes?Copper does not react with water. Year10 Science: Pg 90 Q1,3,7,8Metal and Water Reaction & Metal and Acid Reaction Wear safety classesAim: Hypothesis: Method: Hydrogen gas testingPresence of hydrogen gas can be indicated by hydrogen gas burning with a “pop” or “squeak” sound when a flame is brought near it. You will be able to observe water droplets on the surface of the test tube.Metal hydroxide is a base substance. Base substances turn red litmus paper into blue.Result:Conclusion: Discussion: Calcium + Water + Calcium + Hydrochloric acid + QuestionsWrite word equations for the reaction betweenZinc and hydrochloric acid Aluminium and hydrochloric acid Complete the following table to show the salts formed when each metal reacts with each acid.MetalSalts formed when metal reacts withHydrochloric acidNitric acidSulphuric acidMagnesiumAluminiumZincIronYear10 Science: Pg 90 Q2, 4, 9Corrosion and RustTarnish: Slow reactions of metals with oxygen, water, carbon dioxide gas or other chemicals in the air. (Except gold)Corrosion: Wearing down of metals when exposed to air. Aluminium form a protective coating (Aluminium oxide) which prevents any further reaction.Rusting: When iron is exposed to air a bright orange compound called rust forms on the surface. This is a gradual breakdown of iron objects. Rusting requires water and air.Rust prevention methods: Painting, galvanising, plating, alloying, oil ................
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