ONE-SCHOOL.NET Physics Equation List :Form 4
[Pages:17]ONE-
Physics Equation List :Form 4
Introduction to Physics
Relative Deviation
Relative
Deviation
=
Mean Deviation Mean Value
?100%
Prefixes
Prefixes
Tera Giga Mega Kilo deci centi milli micro nano pico
Value
1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 0.000 000 000 001
Standard form
1012 109 106 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12
Symbol
T G M k d c m n p
Units for Area and Volume
1 m = 102 cm 1 m2 = 104 cm2 1 m3 = 106 cm3
(100 cm) (10,000 cm2) (1,000,000 cm3)
1 cm
= 10-2 m
1 cm2 = 10-4 m2
1 cm3 = 10-6 m3
( 1 m) 100
( 1 m2 ) 10, 000
(
1
m3 )
1, 000, 000
1
Average Speed
Velocity
v
=
s t
Force and Motion
Average
Speed
=
Total Distance Total Time
ONE-
v = velocity s = displacement t = time
(ms-1) (m) (s)
Acceleration
a= v-u t
a = acceleration v = final velocity u = initial velocity t =time for the velocity change
Equation of Linear Motion
Linear Motion
(ms-2) (ms-1) (ms-1)
(s)
Motion with constant velocity
Motion with constant
acceleration
v= s t
v = u + at s = 1 (u + v)t
2
s = ut + 1 at2
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
Motion with changing acceleration
Using Calculus (In Additional Mathematics
Syllabus)
u = initial velocity v = final velocity a = acceleration s = displacement t = time
(ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-2)
(m)
(s)
2
Ticker Tape
Finding Velocity:
ONE-
Finding Acceleration:
velocity =
s
number of ticks ? 0.02s
1 tick = 0.02s
a= v-u t
a = acceleration v = final velocity u = initial velocity t = time for the velocity change
(ms-2) (ms-1) (ms-1)
(s)
Graph of Motion Gradient of a Graph
The gradient 'm' of a line segment between two points and is defined as follows:
Gradient, m = Change in y coordinate, y Change in x coordinate, x
or m = y
x
3
Displacement-Time Graph
ONE-
Velocity-Time Graph
Gradient = Velocity (ms-1)
Gradient = Acceleration (ms-2)
Area in between the graph and x-axis = Displacement
Momentum
p = m?v
p = momentum m = mass v = velocity
(kg ms-1)
(kg) (ms-1)
Principle of Conservation of Momentum
m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
m1 = mass of object 1 m2 = mass of object 2 u1 = initial velocity of object 1 u2 = initial velocity of object 2 v1 = final velocity of object 1 v2 = final velocity of object 2
(kg)
(kg) (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-1)
Newton's Law of Motion Newton's First Law
In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in motion with a constant velocity (that is, with a constant speed in a straight line).
4
Newton's Second Law
F mv - mu
t
F = ma
ONE-
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction.
F = Net Force m = mass a = acceleration
(N or kgms-2)
(kg) (ms-2)
Implication When there is resultant force acting on an object, the object will accelerate (moving faster, moving slower or change direction).
Newton's Third Law
Newton's third law of motion states that for every force, there is a reaction force with the same magnitude but in the opposite direction.
Impulse
Impulse = Ft Impulse = mv - mu
F = force t = time
m = mass v = final velocity u = initial velocity
(N) (s)
(kg) (ms-1) (ms-1)
Impulsive Force
F = mv - mu t
F = Force t = time m = mass v = final velocity u = initial velocity
(N or kgms-2)
(s)
(kg) (ms-1) (ms-1)
Gravitational Field Strength
g= F m
Weight
W = mg
g = gravitational field strength F = gravitational force m = mass
(N kg-1) (N or kgms-2)
(kg)
W = Weight
(N or kgms-2)
m = mass
(kg)
g = gravitational field strength/gravitational acceleration
(ms-2)
5
Vertical Motion
ONE-
? If an object is release from a high position:
? If an object is launched vertically upward:
? The initial velocity, u = 0.
? The velocity at the maximum height, v = 0.
? The acceleration of the object = gravitational ? The deceleration of the object = -gravitational
acceleration = 10ms-2(or 9.81 ms-2).
acceleration = -10ms-2(or -9.81 ms-2).
? The displacement of the object when it reach the ? The displacement of the object when it reach the
ground = the height of the original position, h.
ground = the height of the original position, h.
Lift In Stationary
R = mg
? When a man standing inside an elevator, there are two forces acting on him. (a) His weight which acting downward. (b) Normal reaction (R), acting in the opposite direction of weight.
? The reading of the balance is equal to the normal reaction.
6
Moving Upward with positive acceleration
ONE-
Moving downward with positive acceleration
R = mg + ma
Moving Upward with constant velocity
R = mg - ma
Moving downward with constant velocity.
R = mg
Moving Upward with negative acceleration
R = mg
Moving downward with negative acceleration
R = mg - ma
R = mg + ma
7
Smooth Pulley With 1 Load
T1 = T2
Stationary:
T1 = mg
ONE-
Moving with uniform speed: T1 = mg
Accelerating: T1 ? mg = ma
With 2 Loads
Finding Acceleration: (If m2 > m1)
Finding Tension: (If m2 > m1)
m2g ? m1g = (m1+ m2)a
T1 = T2 T1 ? m1g = ma m2g ? T2 = ma
Vector Vector Addition (Perpendicular Vector)
Magnitude = x2 + y2
Direction = tan-1 | y | |x|
Vector Resolution
| x |=| p | sin | y |=| p | cos
8
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