ONE-SCHOOL.NET Physics Equation List :Form 4

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ONE-

Physics Equation List :Form 4

Introduction to Physics

Relative Deviation

Relative

Deviation

=

Mean Deviation Mean Value

?100%

Prefixes

Prefixes

Value

Standard form Symbol

Tera

1 000 000 000 000

1012

T

Giga

m Mega o Kilo

deci

c centi . milli e micro r nano u pico

1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.000 001 0.000 000 001 0.000 000 000 001

ct Units for Area and Volume

le 1 m = 102 cm ga 1 m2 = 104 cm2 me 1 m3 = 106 cm3

(100 cm) (10,000 cm2) (1,000,000 cm3)

109 106 103 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-6

10-9 10-12

1 cm

= 10-2 m

1 cm2 = 10-4 m2

1 cm3 = 10-6 m3

G M k d c m n p

( 1 m) 100

( 1 m2 ) 10, 000

(

1

m3 )

1, 000, 000

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Average Speed

Velocity

v

=

s t

Force and Motion

Average

Speed

=

Total Distance Total Time

ONE-

v = velocity s = displacement t = time

(ms-1) (m) (s)

Acceleration

a= v-u t

a = acceleration v = final velocity u = initial velocity t =time for the velocity change

Equation of Linear Motion

Linear Motion

(ms-2) (ms-1) (ms-1)

(s)

Motion with constant velocity

Motion with constant

acceleration

v= s t

v = u + at s = 1 (u + v)t

2

s = ut + 1 at2

2

v2 = u2 + 2as

Motion with changing acceleration

Using Calculus (In Additional Mathematics

Syllabus)

u = initial velocity v = final velocity a = acceleration s = displacement t = time

(ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-2)

(m)

(s)

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Ticker Tape

Finding Velocity:

ONE-

velocity =

s

number of ticks ? 0.02s

1 tick = 0.02s

Finding Acceleration:

Graph of Motion Gradient of a Graph

om a = v - u .c t e a = acceleration r v = final velocity u u = initial velocity megalect t = time for the velocity change

(ms-2) (ms-1) (ms-1)

(s)

The gradient 'm' of a line segment between two points and is defined as follows:

Gradient, m = Change in y coordinate, y Change in x coordinate, x

or m = y

x

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Displacement-Time Graph

ONE-

Velocity-Time Graph

Gradient = Velocity (ms-1)

Gradient = Acceleration (ms-2)

Area in between the graph and x-axis = Displacement

Momentum

p = m?v

p = momentum m = mass v = velocity

(kg ms-1)

(kg) (ms-1)

Principle of Conservation of Momentum

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

m1 = mass of object 1 m2 = mass of object 2 u1 = initial velocity of object 1 u2 = initial velocity of object 2 v1 = final velocity of object 1 v2 = final velocity of object 2

(kg)

(kg) (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-1) (ms-1)

Newton's Law of Motion Newton's First Law

In the absence of external forces, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in motion with a constant velocity (that is, with a constant speed in a straight line).

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Newton's Second Law

F mv - mu

t

F = ma

ONE-

The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction.

F = Net Force m = mass a = acceleration

(N or kgms-2)

(kg) (ms-2)

Implication When there is resultant force acting on an object, the object will accelerate (moving faster, moving slower or change direction).

Newton's Third Law

m Newton's third law of motion states that for every force, there is a reaction force with the same magnitude o but in the opposite direction.

.c Impulse

re Impulse = Ft ectu Impulse = mv - mu

F = force t = time

m = mass v = final velocity u = initial velocity

(N) (s)

(kg) (ms-1) (ms-1)

F = mv -t mumegal Impulsive Force

F = Force t = time m = mass v = final velocity u = initial velocity

(N or kgms-2)

(s)

(kg) (ms-1) (ms-1)

Gravitational Field Strength

g= F m

g = gravitational field strength F = gravitational force m = mass

(N kg-1) (N or kgms-2)

(kg)

Weight

W = mg

W = Weight

(N or kgms-2)

m = mass

(kg)

g = gravitational field strength/gravitational acceleration

(ms-2)

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Vertical Motion

ONE-

? If an object is release from a high position:

? If an object is launched vertically upward:

? The initial velocity, u = 0.

? The velocity at the maximum height, v = 0.

? The acceleration of the object = gravitational ? The deceleration of the object = -gravitational

acceleration = 10ms-2(or 9.81 ms-2).

acceleration = -10ms-2(or -9.81 ms-2).

? The displacement of the object when it reach the ? The displacement of the object when it reach the

ground = the height of the original position, h.

ground = the height of the original position, h.

Lift In Stationary

R = mg

? When a man standing inside an elevator, there are two forces acting on him. (a) His weight which acting downward. (b) Normal reaction (R), acting in the opposite direction of weight.

? The reading of the balance is equal to the normal reaction.

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Moving Upward with positive acceleration

ONE-

Moving downward with positive acceleration

R = mg + ma

R = mg - ma

Moving Upward with constant velocity

Moving downward with constant velocity.

R = mg mega Moving Upward with negative acceleration

R = mg

Moving downward with negative acceleration

R = mg - ma

R = mg + ma

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Smooth Pulley With 1 Load

T1 = T2

ONE-

Moving with uniform speed: T1 = mg

Stationary:

T1 = mg

Accelerating: T1 ? mg = ma

With 2 Loads

Finding Acceleration: (If m2 > m1)

Finding Tension: (If m2 > m1)

m2g ? m1g = (m1+ m2)a

T1 = T2 T1 ? m1g = ma m2g ? T2 = ma

Vector Vector Addition (Perpendicular Vector)

Magnitude = x2 + y2

Direction = tan-1 | y | |x|

Vector Resolution

| x |=| p | sin | y |=| p | cos

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