YEAR 9 SCIENCE



YEAR 9 SCIENCE

UNIT 3 – LIGHT & SIGHT

|Week |Session |Activity |Page |

|1 |1 |Brainstorm topic & they choose curriculum | |

| | |Introduce research topic |Below |

| |2+3 |Reflection/Refraction research assignment – book comps | |

| |4 |Reflection/Refraction research assignment – book library | |

|2 |1 |Reflection/Refraction research assignment | |

| |2+3 |Prac – Activities 1-3 |129 |

| |4 |Reflection/Refraction research assignment – book library | |

|3 |1 |Reflection/Refraction research assignment | |

| |2+3 |Prac – Investigating lenses PART A |133 |

| | |Over to you questions - all |134 |

| |4 |Reflection/Refraction research assignment – book library | |

|4 |1 |Optical illusions |Below |

| |2+3 |Prac – Build an optical device |127 |

| | |OR – Investigating your sight worksheet |PDF |

| |4 |Eye understanding & Over to you questions |138 |

|5 |1 |Eye problems & disease research |Below |

| |2+3 |Eye problems & disease research | |

| |4 |Video – The eye | |

|6 |1 |Vision Activity |Desktop |

| |2+3 |Prac – Eye Dissection | |

| |4 |Colour | |

|7 |1 |Colour | |

| |2+3 |Quiz & Revision |135 |

| |4 |Revision | |

|8 |1 |Test | |

| |2+3 |FORENSIC |140 |

| |4 |FORENSIC | |

|9 |1 |FORENSIC | |

| |2+3 |FORENSIC | |

| |4 |FORENSIC | |

|10 |1 |FORENSIC | |

| |2+3 |FORENSIC | |

| |4 |FORENSIC | |

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STUDENT INFORMATION

In Year 9 Science, we study the following topics:

Term 1: Atoms, polymers and plastics

Term 2: The digestive and nervous system including the brain

Term 3: Light

Term 4: Earth

You will be assessed on the following skills, habits and outcomes:

• Listens and follows instructions

• Contributes to discussion and activities

• Works co-operatively when required

• Works independently when required

• Asks for help when needed

• Completes set tasks and homework

• Works safely and effectively during practicals

• Brings correct materials to class

Materials you will need to bring to class:

• Garton, A., Williamson, K. 2005. Science for Life 9. Macmillan Education, Australia.

• Folder or exercise book

• Pens, greyleads, rulers, erasers, etc

Layout for Science folder:

• Put the date for each class

• Use different colored pens and clearly title the chapters of work

I.e. USEFUL MATERIALS

2.1 Carbon Compounds

• Do drawings in greylead – do clear drawings not sketches

• These will be your notes to help you study when it comes to test time

• If you miss a class come to me to get a copy of the notes

Grades will be given for the following:

1. Practical Reports

2. Research and Assignments

3. Tests

1. Practical Reports

Students will be required to write practical reports at the completion of any practical done. The way they should be written up and assessed is as follows:

|  |  |Assessment  |

|Title: |Copy from text book |/1 |

|  | |  |

|Aim: |Copy from text book |/1 |

|  | |  |

|Method |"Refer to , pages " |/1 |

|  | |  |

|Results |Use pencil for all drawings (1/2) |  |

|  |Tables neat and clear (1/2) | |

|  |Answer questions relating to results (2) |/3 |

|  | |  |

|Discussion |Relate results back to theory (1) |  |

|  |Answer questions relating to discussion (2) |  |

|  |Did the prac work? Why/why not? (1) |/4 |

|  |Total |/10 |

|* Don’t write out the questions - write answers with the questions in them  |

|* Use a different color pen for title and sub headings |  |

|  |  |  |

2. Research and Assignments

Students will be given research and assignment tasks to complete on a variety of science topics throughout the year. These can be either written or oral assignments. The way they are presented will vary with the assignments but assessment will be as follows:

| | |

|Effective research and answers to questions |/10 |

|An appropriate amount of information about the topic |/5 |

|Sentences written and/or spoken in their own language |/5 |

|Creative, attractive and effective visual/oral presentation |/5 |

|Correct referencing and use of resources - bibliography |/5 |

|Total |/30 |

| | |

3. Tests

Tests will be given at the end of a topic. At least 2 revision lessons will be given prior to the test, and at least a weeks notice on when the test will be given. Assessment will be determined on the test.

|HOMEWORK SHEET |

|TOPIC: LIGHT AND SIGHT |

| |Verbal-Linguistic |Logical-Mathematical |

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Explain topics within chapter & they determine curriculum.

Topics:

Reflections & mirrors

Refraction & lenses

Eyes & sight

Eye problems & diseases

Light & color

Light waves

Careers in light & lenses

They may come up with something else so can blend that in if suitable

NAME: __________________________ Due date: ____________

Light research project

You will be presenting results as a poster or PowerPoint presentation.

Information can be found on pages 128 – 133 in ‘Science for Life 9’.

I want you to further this information with internet and library resources.

You will be given 6 sessions to complete this research project.

Part 1: INTRODUCTION

Answer the following questions:

1. What is light? How does it travel through different materials?

In a table classify the following objects as being transparent, translucent or opaque:

Air, aluminum foil, cloud, contact lens, glass beaker, greaseproof paper, leather jacket, lemonade, mirror, nylon stocking, orange juice, plastic wrap

2. What is the difference between a mirror and lens?

Part 2: reflection & mirrors

3. What is the ‘Law of Reflection’? Discuss in detail using an example and picture.

4. Discuss the difference of reflection on both smooth and rough surfaces. Provide examples of what these surfaces could be.

5. At the hairdresser you look at the back of your head by looking in the mirror in front of you while the hairdresser holds a mirror behind you. Using your new knowledge on reflection and

a) draw a diagram showing how this works (tracing the path of a light ray from the back of your head to your eyes)

b) describe in writing why it works this way

6. What is a concave and convex mirror? Where would we find them and what use do they have?

Part 3: Refraction & lenses

7. What is refraction? Discuss in detail using an example and picture.

8. What is the refractive index?

Part 4: ADDITIONAL CONCEPTS

9. Explain the term total internal reflection.

10. Explain what an optical fibre is.

RESEARCH PROJECT ASSESSMENT

| | |

|Effective research and answers to questions |/10 |

|An appropriate amount of information about the topic |/5 |

|Sentences written and/or spoken in their own language |/5 |

|Creative, attractive and effective visual/oral presentation |/5 |

|Correct referencing and use of resources - bibliography |/5 |

|Total |/30 |

| | |

Rubric for marks

|Marks awarded depending on how many questions. Marked as follows: |

|Answer incorrect. |Answer partially correct. |Answer correct. |

|0 marks |Half marks |Full marks |

|Didn’t use the text |Used some information |Used some information |Used the text book and |Used the text book and |

|book. Used only their |from the text book. But|from the text book. But|other sources but only |other sources. Provided|

|knowledge and gave short|only gave short answers |only gave short answers.|gave short answers. |additional descriptions |

|answers to questions. |to questions with some | | |about the topic not |

| |inaccuracy. | | |found in the text book. |

| |2 marks | | |5 marks |

|1 mark | |3 marks | | |

| | | |4 marks | |

|Paragraphs & sentences |Paragraphs & sentences |Sentences copied from |Majority of work written|Used key words from |

|copied from the sources.|copied from the sources |the source with own |in own language but |sources but clearly |

| |and rearranged. |language used |still has occasional |wrote information in |

| | |intermittently. |sentence copied. |their own language. |

| | | |4 marks |5 marks |

|1 mark |2 marks |3 marks | | |

|Messy. Showing no |Attempted to achieve an |Attempted to achieve an |Neat and tidy but uses |Neat and tidy. Using |

|interest in |attractive, neat and |attractive, neat and |no pictures and images |pictures and images to |

|presentation. |tidy presentation but |tidy presentation using |to discuss concepts. |discuss ideas and |

| |uses no pictures and |pictures and images. | |concepts. |

| |images. | | | |

| |2 marks |3 marks |4 marks | |

| | | | | |

|1 mark | | | |5 marks |

|*You do not loose marks for handwriting or typing your project. |

|No attempt at a |Only text book cited |Title of book and web |Some attempt made at a |Author, year and title |

|bibliography. |with no additional |address shown. |bibliography with wrong |of book. Date and |

| |resources. | |information shown. |address for websites |

| | | |4 marks |shown. |

| | | | |5 marks |

|1mark |2 marks |3 marks | | |

PRACTICALS

Over the next three weeks we will spend time researching your assignment. During the double sessions we will be completing a number of experiments. REMEMBER these all need to be written up as practical reports including:

Title

Aim

Method

Result

Discussion

The practicals we will be doing are:

Week 2:

Page 128- 129 Activity 1, 2 & 3.

Week 3:

Page 133 Investigation 1

Week 4:

Page 127 Model: Building an optical device

YOU WILL BE REQUIRED TO BRING YOUR OWN EQUIPMENT TO THIS CLASS DEPENDING ON WHAT DEVICE YOU WANT TO MAKE. PLEASE READ THIS PRAC PRIOR TO THE LESSON SO YOU CAN ORGANISE YOURSELF.

DEVICE YOU WILL BE BUILDING:

______________________________________________________________

Equipment needed & written in diary - signed by teacher:

______________________________________________________________

|  |  |Assessment  |

|Title: |Copy from text book |/1 |

|Aim: |Yours of copy from the teacher |/1 |

|Method |Describe what you did |/1 |

|Results |Use pencil for all drawings (1/2) |  |

|  |Tables neat and clear (1/2) | |

|  |Answer questions relating to results (2) |/3 |

|Discussion |Relate results back to theory (1) |  |

|  |Answer questions relating to discussion (2) |  |

|  |Did the prac work? Why/why not? (1) |/4 |

|  |Total |/10 |

|* Don’t write out the questions - write answers with the questions in them  |

|* Use a different color pen for title and sub headings |  |

|  |  |  |

GLOSSARY

LIGHT

something that makes things visible or affords illumination: All colors depend on light.

LUMINOUS

1. Radiating or reflecting light; shining; bright. 2. Lighted up or illuminated; well-lighted: the luminous ballroom.

TRANSPARENT

rays of light go through the object: Clear glass window

TRANSLUCENT

light can pass through but diffusing it so that persons, objects, etc., on the opposite side are not clearly visible: Frosted window glass is translucent but not transparent.

OPAQUE

not transparent or translucent; light does not pass through.

REFLECTION

the return of light, heat, sound, etc., after striking a surface.

LAW OF REFLECTION

the principle that when a ray of light, radar pulse, or the like, is reflected from a smooth surface the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, and the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

MIRROR

a reflecting surface, originally of polished metal but now usually of glass with a silvery, metallic, or amalgam backing

CONCAVE

curved like a segment of the interior of a circle or hollow sphere

CONVEX

having a surface that is curved or rounded outward.

REFRACTION

The bending of light as it travels at an angle from one transparent substance to another

LENS

a piece of transparent substance, usually glass, having two opposite surfaces either both curved or one curved and one plane, used in an optical device in changing the convergence of light rays, as for magnification, or in correcting defects of vision

REFRACTION INDEX

A number which tells you how much light bends going from air into a transparent substance such as glass

MIRAGE

An optical illusion, esp. in the desert or at sea, by which the image of some object appears displaced above, below, or to one side of its true position as a result of spatial variations of the index of refraction

LIGHT & SIGHT CROSSWORD

| | |

|3. Frosted glass used in shower screens are said to be ____. |1. Eye problems such as short-sight and long-sight can be |

|5. Mirrors may be flat, concave, or ? |corrected with ____ or contact lenses. |

|7. An image is focused onto the ____ at the back of your eye. |2. Where the optic nerve enters the eye. |

|8. The hole that allows light to enter the eye is called the |4. The bending of light as it passes from one substance to |

|____. |another at an angle is called ____. |

|9. The ____ and lens in your eyes help bend the light. |6. When light reflects from a mirror the angle of ____ is |

| |equal to the angle of reflection. |

|10. Images form in ____ because light is reflected from their |9. White light is a mixture of different _____, like a |

|smooth surfaces. |rainbow. |

|12. Materials like glass that allow light to pass through them|11. The coloured part of the eye is called the _____. |

|are said to be ____. | |

|13. The point where all the light rays pass through. | |

LIGHT findword

|S |P |E |

|LUMINOUS |RAYS |ANGLE |

|TRANSPARENT |SCATTERING |INCIDENT |

|TRANSLUCENT |SCLERA |RAINBOW |

|OPAQUE |OPTIC NERVE |COLOUR |

|REFLECTION |RETINA |DISPERSION |

|MIRROR |AQUEOUS |SPECTRUM |

|CONCAVE |PUPIL |WHITE |

|CONVEX |CORNEA |ABSORB |

|REFRACT |IRIS |FILTER |

|LENS |EYE |SPLIT |

|MIRAGE |VITREOUS |ROYGBIV |

OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

Access the website:



Summarise in 4 sentences as to what the optical illusion was.

UNDERSTANDING OUR EYES

Science for Life 9

Reading and labeled diagram from text book

conditions, disorders & DISEASE

1) Research any eye problem or disease you are interested in.

2) You will make an A4 poster on your interested area and,

3) Give a 5 minute talk to the class on your topic.

Chose your own or here are some examples:

|Long sight and Short sight |Contact lenses |

|Colour blindness |Laser eye surgery |

|Cateracts |Fred Hollows |

|Blindness |Glaucoma |

|Cogan's Dystrophy |Keratoconus |

|Ptosis |Conjunctivitis |

Questions you may like to answer include the What, How, When, Where and Why?

How would you like this task to be assessed? We will discuss this in class.

Label the Eye Diagram

Read the definitions, label the parts, then label the eye anatomy diagram.

Wordbank:

|Cornea |Iris |Lens |

|Optic nerve |Pupil |Retina |

|Vitreous fluid | | |

_______________ a thick, transparent liquid that fills the center of the eye - it is mostly water and gives the eye its form and shape (also called the vitreous humor)

_______________ the clear, dome-shaped tissue covering the front of the eye.

_______________ sensory tissue that lines the back of the eye. It contains millions of photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light rays into electrical impulses that are relayed to the brain via the optic nerve

_______________ a crystalline structure located just behind the iris - it focuses light onto the retina

_______________ the nerve that transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain

_______________ the colored part of the eye - it controls the amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil

_______________ the opening in the center of the iris- it changes size as the amount of light changes (the more light, the smaller the hole)

Make up 2 of your own definitions about the eye

(don’t forget to add to the wordbank and draw it in on the eye)

1.

2.

Crossword/findword:

__________________________________

| | |

|1 pair of scissors |Newspaper |

|1 forcep | |

PROCEDURE:

1. COLLECT EQUIPMENT & RETURN TO YOUR BENCH

2. WHOLE EYE

▪ Examine the intact eye and draw it. Identify and describe in writing the following structures: optic nerve, attachments for the eye muscles, sclera.

3. CORNEA

▪ Using scissors and forceps, remove the cornea by carefully cutting around the border between it and the sclera.

▪ Draw the cornea and describe it in words.

▪ What is released when the cornea is removed? Describe this substance.

▪ What is the function of the cornea?

4. IRIS AND PUPIL

▪ Describe the pupil

▪ Pick up the iris using forceps and fingers. Carefully pull the iris away from the sclera.

▪ Draw and describe the iris.

▪ What is the function of the iris and pupil?

5. LENS

▪ Carefully break off or cut the ligaments which hold the lens in place.

▪ Remove the lens. Draw and describe the lens.

▪ What is the function of the lens?

6. RETINA

▪ Remove the vitreous humour by carefully squeezing the eye.

▪ Describe the vitreous humour substance.

7. LISTEN TO INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO CLEAN UP

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

|Dissection Evaluation |Marks |

|Quality of dissection (well executed, specimen in good shape) |/3 |

|Attitude and appropriate laboratory behaviour |/3 |

| | |

|Report write-up – what to include and questions to answer |Marks |

|Title | | |

|Aim | |/1 |

|Risk Assessment | |/1 |

|Apparatus | |/1 |

|Method | |/2 |

|Results |4 Drawings |/4 |

| |Table of descriptions |/2 |

|Discussion |Answers to the questions |/5 |

|Conclusion | |/3 |

|Presentation & Bibliography |/5 |

| | |

| | |

|TOTAL MARK |/30 |

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Name______________________

Science Report

Title: _________________________________________________________

Date: _________________________________________________________

Partner/s: _________________________________________________________

Aim:

What are you trying to find out or why you did these experiments.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Risk Assessment and Planning:

What risks may there be? What precautions should you take?

|Risk |Precaution |

| | |

| | |

| | |

Apparatus: List all the materials and equipment you used.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Method: What was done in order – explain step by step what you did.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Results:

Record all the information, observations and results you obtained. Use tables and graphs if necessary. Drawings should be in pencil and can be done on the last page.

Drawings required:

▪ Intact eye (before dissection)

▪ Cornea

▪ Iris

▪ Lens

|Part |Description |

|Optic nerve | |

|Attachments for the eye muscle | |

|Sclera | |

|Cornea | |

|Pupil | |

|Iris | |

|Lens | |

Discussion: Answer the following questions.

What is released when the cornea is removed? Describe the substance. _____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

What is the function of the cornea?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

What is the function of the iris?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

What is the function of the pupil?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Look through the lens at some printed material, what do you observe?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Conclusions: Explain what your findings were.

____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Bibliography:

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Results (drawings):

VISION ACTIVITY

On Desktop:

Global Public ( Yr 9 Science ( Vision Folder ( object.html

1. Read the information

2. Take notes for these sections:

a. Parts of the eye

b. Shine a torch in Sari’s eye

c. Yukky bits

d. Protecting your eyes

e. Eye tests

f. Colour Blindness

3. Take the quiz & show me your result /10

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