Módulo: Mecanizado (MEC)



|MP02-The Aquarium |

|Unit 2 Biology & Ecology of an Aquarium |

Learning about the species that we will keep in our facilities is essential for an employee within the scope of aquariology.

In this unit we will see some of the most common fish species and other animals represented in large and small aquariums.

It will be also vital to know which one is the natural habitat of these species in order to maintain the best conditions of captivity: knowing the physicochemical characteristics of the environment where they live, what kind of food is their diet based on, etc.

Activity 1 Fish anatomy

1. Vocabulary

There are two types of fish: bony fish, and cartilaginous fish. The main thing that sets bony fish apart from cartilaginous fish is the presence of a skeleton made of bone (a cartilaginous fish has a skeleton made out of cartilage).

Before introducing you to the most common species of fish in aquariums, you must know some vocabulary about bony fish internal and external anatomy.

Have a look at this picture and observe the different of the external and internal anatomy of bony fish. Then try to fill the box relating and translating into Catalan the parts indicated with numbers in the second drawing.

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|nº |English |Catalan |nº |English |Catalan |

|1 |  |  |11 |  |  |

|2 |  |  |12 |  |  |

|3 |  |  |13 |  |  |

|4 |  |  |14 |  |  |

|5 |  |  |15 |  |  |

|6 |  |  |16 |  |  |

|7 |  |  |17 |  |  |

|8 |  |  |18 |  |  |

|9 |  |  |19 |  |  |

|10 |  |  | | | |

|TO KNOW MORE |

|If you want to know more about the classification of fish and their internal and external anatomy, here you have some interesting links to |

|check. |

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|EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FISH ANATOMY |

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|FISH ANATOMY WIKIPEDIA |

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|DEFINITIONS OF INTERNAL ANATOMY PARTS OF A BONY FISH |

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|AQUATIC ANIMAL GALLERY |

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|BIOPROFILES (COMMON SPECIES IN AN AQUARIUM) |

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|FISH CLASSIFICATION (TAXONOMY) |

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2. Work in pairs

In pairs, read the text, fill the gaps with the words in the box below and then answer the questions about the text (in English):

The (1) of bony fish is made of bone and cartilage. The dorsal spine, jaw and ribs, make up a bony fish's structure.

The skeleton of a bony fish gives structure, provides protection, assists in leverage, and (along with the kidney) is a site of red blood cell production.

A bony fish brain is divided into three sections and its poorly developed compared to that of others (2).

Fins are the most distinctive features of a fish, their principal function is to help the fish (3). Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes: the (4) are located on each side, usually just behind the operculum. The (5) are located ventrally below and behind the pectoral fins; they help the fish in going up or down through the water, turning sharply, and stopping quickly. (6) are located on the back. They help the fish in going up or down through the water. The(7)is located on the ventral surface behind the anus, this fin is used to stabilize the fish while swimming. The (8)is the tail fin, located at the end of the caudal peduncle and is used for propulsion.

The (9) in bony fish is short and expandable so that large objects can be swallowed, their walls are layered with muscle.

Most species of bony fish have a (10), usually is a bent muscular tube in a "U" or "V" shape. Gastric glands release substances that break down food to prepare it for digestion.

At the end of the stomach, many bony fish have blind sacs called (11), they are an adaptation for increasing the gut area; they digest food.

The (12) localized between liver and pyloric caeca, secretes enzymes into the intestine for digestion.

The digestive system terminates at the (12).

Most food absorption takes place in the intestine. The length of the intestine in bony fishes varies greatly. (13) bony fishes generally have long, coiled intestines. (14) bony fishes have shorter intestines.

Water enters the (15) through a fish's mouth and exits through gill openings under the operculum. Blood flowing through the gill filaments absorbs (16) from the water.

Many species of bony fish have a gas-filled bladder called (17), apparently originally developed in fish as an organ of respiration, as evidenced by the "lung" of the lungfishes.

In modern bony fishes that possess this organ, it mainly serves in maintaining neutral buoyancy.

BOX

|gall bladder, caudal fin, pyloric caeca, swim, anus, gill chamber, paired pectoral fins, |

|skeleton, anal fin, vertebrates, ventral fins, esophagus, plant-eating, dorsal fins, stomach, oxygen. |

QUESTIONS

1-. This is a clown fish (Amphirion ocellaris), a very common tropical fish used in reef aquariums. After reading the text mark all the types of fins in the picture.

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2-. Which role does the swim bladder develop?

3-. What is the difference between carnivorous and herbivorous fish at the digestive system?

3. Make your own Quizlet

Click to the link below and make your own Quizlet with the words of the exercise 1.1 and practice your pronunciation skills.

You should create an account and follow the instructions.

|[pic] |CREATE A QUIZLET |

Activity 2 Freshwater Bitopes & Species

2.1 Prezi

In the following activity we are going to learn about the classification of the biotopes usually represented in an aquarium. Click the link below and watch the Prezi presentation about biotopes and their typical fish species.

You have to classify all the different biotopes that appear in the presentation and then choose four species of each biotope to complete the box:

|[pic] |WORLD FRESHWATER BIOTOPES |

|CONTINENT |BIOTOPE |FISH SPECIES |

|AMERICA |SOUTH AMERICA |  | |

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| |NORTH AMERICA | |  |

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|AFRICA |  |  |

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|ASIA | |  |

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Activity 3 Marine Biotopes

3.1 Monterrey Aquarium

Right after you will find a small introduction to one of the largest aquariums in the world, The Monterrey Aquarium in California.

Read carefully and answer the questions you will find after the text:

The Monterey Bay Aquarium (MBA) was founded in 1984 and is located on the site of a former sardine cannery on Cannery Row of the Pacific Ocean shoreline in Monterey, California, United States. It has an annual attendance of 1.8 million visitors. It holds thousands of plants and animals, representing more than 600 species on display. The aquarium benefits from a high circulation of fresh ocean water which is obtained through pipes which pump it in continuously from Monterey Bay.

The centerpiece of the Ocean's Edge Wing, is a 28 feet (8.5 m) high 333,000-US-gallon (1,260,000 l; 277,000 imp gal) tank for viewing California coastal marine life. In this tank, the aquarium was the first in the world to grow live California Giant Kelp. Visitors are able to inspect the creatures of the kelp forest at several levels in the building. The largest tank in the aquarium is a 1,200,000-U.S.-gallon (4,500,000 l; 1,000,000 imp gal) tank in the Open Sea galleries (formerly the Outer Bay), which features one of the world's largest single-paned windows. It is one of the few aquariums to hold the ocean sunfish in captivity.

Sealife on exhibit includes stingrays, jellyfish, sea otters, and numerous other native marine species, which can be viewed above and below the waterline. The Monterey Bay Aquarium is one of very few in the world to exhibit both bluefin and yellowfin tuna. For displaying jellyfish, it uses a Kreisel tank, which creates a circular flow to support and suspend the jellies. The aquarium does not house mammals other than otters.

QUESTIONS

1-. What advantage do they have in terms of “catchment level” in these facilities?

2-. Kelp forests are an important ecosystem for many aquatic species. Look for a picture with a kelp forest and mention 5 typical inhabitants of this ecosystem.

3-.Search the different animals that are named in the text and fill the following table:

|PICTURE |SCIENTIFIC NAME |ENGLISH |

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|PICTURE |SCIENTIFIC NAME |ENGLISH |

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4-. What characteristics have the tanks used for the display of jellyfish? (Look for

pictures)

3.2 Exhibits

Usually in big aquariums you can find different marine biotopes represented. Click the link below and classify the species from the following list in function of the represented biotopes in this aquarium.

|[pic] |MARINE WATER BIOTOPES |

Pacific white-sided dolphin

California mussel

Giant green anemone

California sheephead

Swell shark

Bat star

Grey whale

Harbor seal

Abalone

Dead man’s fingers

Garibaldi

Red octopus

3.3 More marine biotopes

Now think about three different biotopes you have already seen in the previous exercise and that can be represented in big aquariums, locate them in the map and mention five fish species or invertebrates that inhabit them.

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