Part II: Student Selected Response Questions (50% of Total ...



Part II: Short Answer:

A. What were at least three MAIN causes of WWI? List and explain them.

|Identify Cause |Explain Cause |

| |*Policy of aggressively building up a nation’s armed forces in preparation for war |

| |*Great Powers of Europe, Russia and America engaged in endless planning for war and made war much more likely |

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|Militarism | |

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|Alliances |*A complicated system of alliances developed among the nations of Europe designed to bolster each nation’s security |

| |and bound the great powers to come to each other’s aid in the event of an attack |

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| |*A great scramble for colonies took place in the late 1800s & European powers rushed to beat each other to the |

|Imperialism |remaining uncolonized areas of the world (Africa & China) |

| |* the need to claim uncolonized areas led to sharpened rivalries within Europe |

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| |*Devotions to one nations |

|Nationalism |*Tendency for countries such as the great powers to act in their own national interest and if it was different from |

| |other nations wars could spark |

B. What were at least two reasons that pushed the United States into joining WWI? List and explain.

|List Reason |Explain reason |

| |*Germans used uncivilized warfare by not warning British ships |

|German U-Boats sank the Lusitania |*128 Americans died & compensation was not granted to Americans families by Germany |

| |*Americans saw Germany as BARBARIC |

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| |*British sent American press a telegraph that was sent to Mexico |

|Zimmerman Note |*In telegraph German asked Mexico to join on the Central Power side |

| |*If Mexico joined they would get land lost to the U.S. in the Mexican American War (Texas, Arizona, New |

| |Mexico, Cali., Utah) and financial support |

| |*Americas took this seriously and felt they were in danger of being attacked on U.S. soil |

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| |*Germany sank 3 U.S. ships |

|Germany sank 3 U.S. ships and violated |*this attack was a direct sign that Germany no longer wanted the U.S. to be neutral |

|the Sussex Pledge |*the sinking was seen as Germany violating the Sussex pledge that stated the German gov’t promised to warn |

| |ships before attacking (to protect American citizens) |

| |*Americans considered the sinking as an act of war against the U.S |

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Part III: Document Based Questions: Read the rubric before you begin writing! Answer on lined paper.

Document I

Woodrow Wilson: Declaration of Neutrality (1914)

On August 19, 1914 as World War I engulfed Europe, President Woodrow Wilson delivered this address to the U.S. Congress, maintaining American neutrality in the conflict. The United States successfully stayed out of the war until April 1917.

The effect of the war upon the United States will depend upon what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned. The spirit of the nation in this critical matter will be determined largely by what individuals and society and those gathered in public meetings do and say, upon what newspapers and magazines contain, upon what ministers utter in their pulpits, and men proclaim as their opinions upon the street.

The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy and desire among them with regard to the issues and circumstances of the conflict. Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the momentous struggle. It will be easy to excite passion and difficult to allay it. Those responsible for exciting it will assume a heavy responsibility, responsibility for no less a thing than that the people of the United States, whose love of their country and whose loyalty to its government should unite them as Americans all, bound in honor and affection to think first of her and her interests, may be divided in camps of hostile opinion, hot against each other, involved in the war itself in impulse and opinion if not in action.

Such divisions amongst us would be fatal to our peace of mind and might seriously stand in the way of the proper performance of our duty as the one great nation at peace, the one people holding itself ready to play a part of impartial mediation and speak the counsels of peace and accommodation, not as a partisan, but as a friend.

I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, to speak a solemn word of warning to you against that deepest, most subtle, most essential breach of neutrality which may spring out of partisanship, out of passionately taking sides. The United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days that are to try men's souls. We must be impartial in thought, as well as action, must put a curb upon our sentiments, as well as upon every transaction that might be construed as a preference of one party to the struggle before another.

 

A. Please explain the position of the U.S. at the start of the war. Provide one quote from the document with analysis to support your answer.

Position of U.S.: NEUTRAL

Quote: “Such divisions amongst us would be fatal to our peace of mind and might seriously stand in the way of the proper performance of our duty as the one great nation at peace, the one people holding itself ready to play a part of impartial mediation and speak the counsels of peace and accommodation, not as a partisan, but as a friend.”

Explain all of the following points:

*Divisions: among the United States Immigrants (between Central Powers and Allied Powers) U.S. needs to stay neutral in order to prevent outbreak of war or conflicts

*Impartial: United States is going to hear both sides of the argument

*Mediation: the United States is going to be the country that counsels both sides of war (big brother) Focus: to end the conflict in Europe

*United States is a friend of the Central Powers and Allied Powers

Book Information:

United States continued to trade with both the central powers and allied powers after this was spoken to continue growth in America’s economy.

Document 2

Boy Scouts of America: Boy Scouts Support the War Effort pamphlet (1917)

In 1917, the newly created Boy Scouts of America issued this pamphlet to encourage boys to engage in such homefront activities as planting vegetable gardens and recycling a variety of products to support the U.S. effort in World War I. Although the Boy Scouts were originally formed to promote good citizenship, many Americans believed the organization could serve as an important training ground for the U.S. military, a role particularly emphasized during wartime. An excerpt of the pamphlet appears below.

To the Members of the Boy Scouts of America!

Attention, Scouts! We are again called upon to do active service for our country! Every one of the 285,661 Scouts and 76,957 Scout Officials has been summoned by President Woodrow Wilson, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, to serve as a dispatch bearer from the Government at Washington to the American people all over the country. The prompt, enthusiastic, and hearty response of every one of us has been pledged by our [Scout] President, Mr. Livingstone. Our splendid record of accomplishments in war activities promises full success in this new job.

This patriotic service will be rendered under the slogan: "EVERY SCOUT TO BOOST AMERICA" AS A GOVERNMENT DISPATCH BEARER. The World War is for liberty and democracy.

America has long been recognized as the leader among nations standing for liberty and democracy. American entered the war as a sacred duty to uphold the principles of liberty and democracy.

As a democracy, our country faces great danger—not so much from submarines, battleships and armies, because, thanks to our allies, our enemies have apparently little chance of reaching our shores.

Our danger is from within. Our enemies have representatives everywhere; they tell lies; they mispresent the truth; they deceive our own people; they are a real menace to our country.

Already we have seen how poor Russia has been made to suffer because her people do not know the truth. Representatives of the enemy have been very effective in their deceitful efforts to make trouble for the Government.

Fortunately here in America our people are better educated—they want the truth. Our President recognized the justice and wisdom of this demand when in the early stages of the war he created the Committee on Public Information. He knew that the Government would need the confidence, enthusiasm and willing service of every man and woman, every boy and girl in the nation. He knew that the only possible way to create a genuine feeling of partnership between the people and its representatives in Washington was to take the people into his confidence by full, frank statements concerning the reasons for our entering the war, the various steps taken during the war and the ultimate aims of the war.

Neither the President as Commander-in-Chief, nor our army and navy by land and sea, can alone win the war. At this moment the best defense that America has is an enlightened and loyal citizenship. Therefore, we as scouts are going to have the opportunity of rendering real patriotic service under our slogan.

"EVERY SCOUT TO BOOST AMERICA" AS A GOVERNMENT DISPATCH BEARER.

Here is where our service begins. We are to help spread the facts about America and America's part in the World War. We are to fight lies with truth.

We are to help create public opinion "just as effective in helping to bring victory as ships and guns," to stir patriotism, the great force behind the ships and guns. Isn't that a challenge for every loyal Scout?

"EVERY SCOUT TO BOOST AMERICA" AS A GOVERNMENT DISPATCH BEARER: HOW?

As Mr. George Creel, the Chairman of the Committee on Public Information, says in his letter, scouts are to serve as direct special representatives of the Committee on Public Information to keep the people informed about the War and its causes and progress. The Committee has already prepared a number of special pamphlets and other will be prepared. It places upon the members of the Boy Scouts of America the responsibility of putting the information in these pamphlets in homes of the American people. Every Scout will be furnished a credential card by his Scoutmaster. Under the direction of our leaders, the Boy Scouts of America are to serve as an intelligence division of the citizens' army, always prepared and alert to respond to any call which may come from the President of the United States and the Committee on Public Information at Washington.

order that all of the members of his troop may be completely informed. Each scout and scout official is expected to seize every opportunity to serve the Committee on Public Information by making available authoritative information. It is up to the Boy Scouts to see that as many people as possible have an intelligent understanding of any and all facts incident to our present national crisis and the World War. . . .

PAMPHLETS NOW READY FOR CIRCULATION

Note: A set will be sent to every Scoutmaster. You will need to know what is in these pamphlets so as to act as a serviceable bureau of information and be able to give each person the particular intelligence he seeks.

 

A. Does a democratic government have the right to use propaganda during a time of war? Use one quote with analysis to support your answer.

Does democratic gov’t have right to use propaganda: Yes

Quote: “Our danger is from within. Our enemies have representatives everywhere; they tell lies; they mispresent the truth; they deceive our own people; they are a real menace to our country.”

Explain all of the following points:

*Dangers comes from the immigrants that have migrated to the United States (German)

*German immigrants in the United States and around the world,

*The public does not know which immigrants are friendly or which are the German spies (enemy)

*Anyone one speaking another language, reading foreign central powers text or talked on the phone you would be accused of being a spy

*U.S. citizens need to support war efforts fully

Book Information: US becomes hostile

• Immigrants had to pass literacy test

• Spoke out against the gov’t you got arrested

• Promoting violation of Americas 1st amendment rights

Document 3

Read the excerpts and view the pictures below before answering the question.

A. Compare the Victorian woman to the flapper. Provide one piece of evidence (for both the Victorian woman and the flapper) to support your analysis.

Excerpt #1: A Victorian Woman’s Values

Whether married or single all Victorian women were expected to be weak and helpless, a fragile delicate flower incapable of making decisions beyond selecting the menu and ensuring her many children were taught moral values.  A gentlewoman ensured that the home was a place of comfort for her husband and family from the stresses of Industrial Britain. A woman's prime use was to bear a large family and maintain a smooth family atmosphere where a man need not bother himself about domestic matters.  He assumed his house would run smoothly so he could get on with making money. A wealthy wife was supposed to spend her time reading, sewing, receiving guests, going visiting, letter writing, seeing to the servants and dressing for the part as her husband's social representative. 

The Victorian head of household dressed his women to show off family wealth.  As the 19th century progressed dress became more and more lavish until clothing dripped with lace and beading as the new century dawned. A wealthy woman's day was governed by etiquette rules that encumbered her with up to six wardrobe changes a day and the needs varied over three seasons a year.  A lady changed through a wide range of clothing as occasion dictated. 

Excerpt #2: Pictures of Victorian Women

|[pic] |[pic] |

Excerpt #3: Description of the “New Woman” of the 1920s

“Hot stuff, isn’t it?” she asked lazily.

Hugh was startled. Her breath was redolent of whisky….

As the evening wore on he danced with a good many girls who had whisky breaths. One girl clung to him as they danced and whispered, “Hold me up, kid; I’m ginned.” He had to rush a third, a dainty blond child, to the porch railing. It wasn’t a pretty sight as she vomited into the garden; nor did Hugh find her gasped comment, “The seas are rough to-night,” amusing. Another girl went sound asleep in a chair and had to be carried up-stairs and put to bed….

Excerpt #4: Pictures of the Flappers of the 1920s

|[pic] |[pic] |

Define:

*Victorian Women (mother of 1920s)

*Define Flapper (daughter of 1920s)

Describe Victorian Women & Flapper Picture:

|Victorian Women |Flappers |

|Hair: long and curly (used a curling iron) |Hair: short hair |

|Dress: long and it covers all of her legs nothing is exposed |Dress: short and ends around her knee or above (many dresses were short and |

| |revealed upper thighs) |

|Dress: covers her chest and nothing is exposed (high cut) |Dress: top of dress shows her chest and is low cut |

|No make up |A lot of make up |

Quote & Analysis:

| |Quote |Analysis |

|Victorian Women |“A woman's prime use was to bear a large family and maintain a |Women’s job was to have lots of children |

| |smooth family atmosphere where a man need not bother himself |Another job was women were to take care of all house hold duties: |

| |about domestic matters.  He assumed his house would run |cook, clean, laundry – men expected that women did all house hold |

| |smoothly so he could get on with making money.” |duties with no exceptions |

| | |Husband felt the cleaning of his home was done by the wife so he could|

| | |work and make money to support the family. |

|Flapper |“As the evening wore on he danced with a good many girls who |Hugh danced with single girls at the club and these girls were |

| |had whisky breaths. One girl clung to him as they danced and |drinking alcohol |

| |whispered, “Hold me up, kid; I’m ginned.” He had to rush a |Hugh danced with many girls that were drunk and had to hold them up or|

| |third, a dainty blond child, to the porch railing. It wasn’t a |they would fall |

| |pretty sight as she vomited into the garden” |Hugh help another girl go outside and as she got sick and he watched |

| | |her puke (through up) and saw her in a very private act |

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Book Information

*speakeasy: during prohibition a place where alcoholic drinks were served illegally and dancing occurred

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