WRESTLING BASICS FOR PARENTS/FANS



WRESTLING BASICS FOR PARENTS/FANS

General Wrestling Scoring Procedures

Takedowns are scored when one wrestler brings his opponent down to the mat from a standing position and is considered having "control". Additional points are awarded when a wrestler takes his opponent directly to his back. Common takedowns include single legs, double legs, high crotches, headlocks, shrugs, fireman's carries, and many more.

Reversals are scored when a wrestler, controlled by his opponent on the mat, executes a move that allows him to assume a controlling position on top of the opponent, thus reversing the situation. Common reversals include switches and Peterson rolls.

Exposing an opponent's back to the mat is a scoring technique in all styles of wrestling. A wrestler must not only tilt the rival's back toward the mat, breaking a 90° angle, but also hold the back in this position to score points.

Common "pinning combinations" include the half-nelson, arm bar, and cradle.

Escapes are scored when a wrestler, controlled by his opponent on the mat, frees himself and moves to a standing position, facing the opponent. Common escapes include the standup and the sit-out.

The 3 Periods of a Match Generally all matches are 3 periods in length. A match will end when one wrestler scores a pin fall over another or time expires after the third period. Most of the tournaments that the Jr Jags participate in will have three 1-minute periods. In some instances, they will be 1, 1-1/2 & 1-1/2, for a total match time of 4 minutes.

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Sample Match

At the start of a tournament match wrestlers will usually be given colored anklets. Generally, one wrestler will wear a green anklet while the other wrestler will wear red. The significance of the colors is that they correspond to the colors worn by the referee.

The referee will have a green band on one wrist and a red on the other. As the match proceeds, the referee will signal the award of points to a wrestler by holding up that wrestler's color.

As you look at the wrestling mat you will notice a large circle going around the perimeter of the mat, this is the out-of-bounds indicator. Each wrestler must stay within the circumference of this larger circle to score points. In most cases you will also notice a smaller circle within the larger one, this is referred to as the center of the mat. Contained within the center of the mat are 2 parallel lines or a box, this is the starting point for each period.

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Period 1

After the wrestler has his/her anklet on and proceeds to the center of the mat the referee will ask the timer, score keeper, and the wrestlers if they are ready. If everyone is ready to begin the referee will ask each of the wrestlers to shake hands and get ready to start. To start a match each wrestler will be in the "Neutral" position.

The neutral position is where both wrestlers face each other in a standing position. Each wrestler is required to have at least one foot on the neutral line before the match is allowed to proceed. Once the wrestlers are in the starting neutral position, the referee will blow his whistle to start the match. From the neutral position, each wrestler is attempting to score points on his/her opponent by taking that opponent down.

If a wrestler is successful in taking down the opponent and is in control of the opponent the referee will award that wrestler 2 points for a "takedown". To indicate the points, the referee will hold up the hand with that wrestlers corresponding color and flash 2 fingers up and then down towards the mat. It should be noted that a wrestler must be in control of the other wrestler to score the takedown points. Generally this means that the scoring wrestler is on top, behind, or in some way free of his/her opponents advantage.

Once a wrestler has taken down his/her opponent they must now try to turn that opponent to their back. A wrestler who has successfully taken down his/her opponent must continue to wrestle or be warned for "stalling". The same applies to the wrestler who was taken down, they must try to escape the control of the top wrestler.

If a wrestler receives 2 warnings for stalling his/her opponent will receive 1 point on the next stalling warning. Stalling warnings carry over from one period to the other and are accumulated during that entire match. If a wrestler receives too many stalling deductions they automatically lose the match.

As the top wrestler (the one who took down his/her opponent) continues to wrestle they will use various holds to turn over their opponent, one such hold is the half nelson. This is when the top wrestler threads his/her arm under the arm and over the head of their opponent. By doing so a wrestler can "expose" (turn their opponents back past a 90 degree angle with the mat) their opponent and score points. If the top wrestler successfully exposes his/her opponent for more then 2 seconds without the continuation of a move he/she will score 2 "Near Fall" points. However, if the top wrestler can expose his/her opponent for more then 5 continuous seconds they will receive 3 near fall or "back points". The referee will award the amount of back points/near fall points a wrestler receives by holding up the corresponding colored arm and indicated with his/her hand the points and tapping their back.

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Period 2

If the first period expires with no pin/fall, the referee will stop the wrestlers and bring them back to the center of the mat. At this point the referee will flip a coin or colored disk and ask a wrestler to "call-it". If the wrestler wins the coin toss it is "their choice" as to how they would like to start the second period. A wrestler could choose to defer his/her choice until the third period and allow his/her opponent to choose how they will start the period.

The choices a wrestler could make are top, bottom, or neutral. If the wrestler chooses the neutral position each wrestler will be starting as they did in the first period. Each wrestler is facing each other as they start. However, if the wrestler so chooses they could start in the bottom position. The objective of the bottom wrestler is to either reverse their position with the top wrestler or escape from the top wrestler. The bottom wrestler may execute some common moves such as a sit-out, switch, or a stand-up. If a wrestler successfully executes a switch for example they will end up on top of the other wrestler and receive 2 points for the executed move.

If the bottom wrestler executes a stand-up and can break free from the control of the top wrestler they will receive 1 point for an escape. The referee will generally signal that the bottom wrestler is free by indicating no control.

If the wrestler chose the top position they must try to turn their opponent to their back. As the two wrestlers continue to wrestle there may be a point in the match when the referee determines that neither wrestler can complete or advance a move. In this case the referee will call a stalemate and break/stop the wrestlers moving them back to the center of the mat to start over. If the wrestler on top ever locks his arms around the bottom wrestler while still being on the mat and not having control of at least one arm the top wrestler will be called for locked hands. If this happens the referee will stop the match and award the bottom wrestler one point. At any point in the match a wrestler may not grab or hold the clothing of his /her opponent.

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Period 3

After the second period expires, the wrestler who has not made a choice on how to start a period chooses the starting position of this period. As the period begins the referee will ask the bottom wrestler to get set. The bottom wrestler will have to place their knees on one line and their hands in front of the other line located in the center of the mat. After the bottom man indicates to the referee that he/she is set the referee will allow the top wrestler to get position.

If the top wrestler tries to get into position too soon or either wrestler moves before the referee indicates to start then that wrestler will be cautioned for a false start. If the wrestler is cautioned again, the other wrestler will be awarded a point.

As the wrestlers continue the match they are each trying to score points or pins/falls. If a wrestler attempts to score a point on another wrestler with an illegal move (i.e. a full nelson), the referee will blow the whistle and stop the match. The referee will award the offended wrestler a point and start the match again from the center of the mat.

If one wrestler has control over another and is trying to score, they may unintentionally be in a position where the move they are executing is legal but potentially dangerous. If this occurs the referee will stop the match and again move the wrestlers back to the center of the mat. Throughout the match wrestlers will be performing different moves.

A wrestler can only score on the move if they are in-bounds. A wrestler is considered in-bounds if three points of their body and their opponent's body are within the larger circle. If one wrestler tries to execute a move and their opponent or their own body carries over the outer circle, the referee may blow his/her whistle and have the participants move back to the center of the mat. The referee may or may not award points to a wrestler if the referee deems the move completed before the wrestlers moved out-of-bounds.

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Wrestling Is Emotional

Wrestling is a physically demanding sport with many emotions. As wrestlers do combat with each other, sometimes emotions can take over and cause one wrestler to over react. If a referee determines that an individual is or has over-reacted they will blow the whistle and call a technical violation. Depending on the infraction, the offending wrestler may have a point deducted from their score or forfeit the match. During the season, if you have any questions about scoring, moves, or potential infractions please do talk to the coaches of the team. The coaches will do their very best to address any questions you may have.

(Info Courtesy of: )

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Wrestling Signals

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What is Wrestling?

Wrestling is a sport in which one contestant competes with another using various holds and techniques in an attempt to force the shoulders of the opponent against a mat, thus scoring a fall and winning the match. If a wrestler cannot score a fall within the time limit, a winner is determined based on a point-scoring system. All wrestling matches are supervised by officials, who impartially enforce the rules of the sport. Two basic styles of amateur wrestling are generally employed around the world: freestyle and Greco-Roman. Other forms of wrestling are common within different cultures. Amateur wrestling is highly popular in the United States in colleges and universities, secondary schools, and athletic clubs. In addition to national championship matches, thousands of regional and local tournaments are held each year. Exhibition wrestling is also popular in the United States, although this professional type of wrestling is viewed as an entertainment spectacle rather than a sport.

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Olympic Wrestling

The basic rules and scoring procedures for freestyle and Greco-Roman are the same, as determined by the Fédération Internationale de la Lutte Amateur (FILA), the international wrestling federation. Olympic-style wrestling bouts consist of a one-period, 5-minute match. A match is completed if a wrestler scores a fall, or if at the end of regulation, one wrestler has scored more points. Under current rules, if neither wrestler scores at least three points in the five minutes allotted, the wrestlers must go into an overtime period of a maximum of three minutes. If neither wrestler has scored three points at the end of the overtime, or if the bout is still tied, the officials determine the winner. The points awarded for the various scoring maneuvers in wrestling (takedown, reversal, escape, exposure) are the same in both freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.

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Freestyle Wrestling

The rules of freestyle wrestling permit an athlete to use his entire body in competition, allowing a greater variety of holds than in the Greco-Roman style. Holds below the waist and the use of the legs are permitted. In the 1990s, the United States became one of the leading freestyle wrestling nations in the world, winning its first-ever team title at the 1993 Freestyle World Championships. Previously the sport was dominated for many years by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Freestyle is the most popular style in the world, with more nations participating in this form of wrestling at the annual world championships than in Greco-Roman. Women's freestyle wrestling is a growing sport around the world. A world championship for women was created in the 1980s, and an increasing number of nations field women's wrestling teams each year.

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Greco-Roman Wrestling

Greco-Roman wrestling is especially popular in Europe, but it is practiced throughout the world. The distinctive feature of Greco-Roman wrestling is that contestants must apply all holds above the waist, and the use of the legs in scoring or defending is prohibited. Tripping, tackling, and using the legs to secure a hold are not permitted. Greco-Roman wrestlers begin their bout in a standing position, and attempt to either throw their opponent to the mat or to use holds to drop them to the mat.

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United States College Wrestling

Collegiate-style wrestling, also known as folkstyle or scholastic, is a form of wrestling native to the United States. This style of wrestling is practiced in U.S. secondary schools, colleges and universities, and in many wrestling clubs. One feature that makes collegiate-style wrestling different from freestyle is that a wrestler must hold the opponent's shoulders to the mat for one second to earn a fall. Collegiate-style wrestling rewards wrestlers with "near falls," worth two or three points, for holding an opponent close to his or her back. Collegiate wrestlers earn credit for "riding time," or time during which they control their opponent on the mat. "Riding time" points are unique to college wrestling and do not play a factor in the high school sport. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) supervises college wrestling, while the National Federation of State High School Athletic Associations (NFSHSAA) governs high school wrestling. The NCAA collegiate-style bout is 7 minutes long, with a 3-minute first period followed by two 2-minute periods. Bouts that are tied at the end of regulation go into an overtime period. High school matches are 6 minutes long, with three 2-minute periods.

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General Wrestling Scoring Procedures

With the differences noted above, four general scoring procedures are common to freestyle, Greco-Roman, and collegiate-style wrestling:

(1) Takedowns are scored when one wrestler brings the opponent down to the mat from a standing position. Additional points are awarded when a wrestler takes the opponent directly to his or her back. Common takedowns include single legs, double legs, high crotches, headlocks, bodylocks, shrugs, and fireman's carries.

(2) Reversals are scored when a wrestler, controlled by the opponent on the mat, executes a move that allows the wrestler to assume a controlling position on top of the opponent, thus reversing the situation. Common reversals include switches, rolls, and hip heists.

(3) Exposing an opponent's back to the mat is a scoring technique in all styles of wrestling. In international wrestling, all a wrestler must do to earn points is tilt the opponent's back toward the mat, breaking a 90° angle. In collegiate and secondary school wrestling, a wrestler must not only tilt the rival's back toward the mat, breaking a 45° angle, but also hold the back in this position to score points. Common "pinning combinations" include the half-nelson, bar arm, cradle, and tilt leg ride.

(4) Escapes are scored when a wrestler, controlled by the opponent on the mat, frees himself or herself and moves to a standing position, facing the opponent. Common escapes include the standup and the sitout. Professional Wrestling Legitimate or genuine professional wrestling was extremely popular in the United States from 1880 to 1920.

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Professional Wrestling

The first professional wrestlers were featured in carnivals, where they attracted large crowds by offering cash prizes to any local champion who could throw them. Victory went to the wrestler scoring two falls out of three. Bouts often were contested in a mixed style-that is, one fall was wrestled in the catch-as-catch-can style (which evolved into collegiate-style), another in Greco-Roman. The style used for the third fall, if any, was decided by the toss of a coin. No time limit was imposed on matches. Professional wrestling reached its zenith during the early decades of the 20th century before giving way to exhibition wrestling. Exhibition wrestling is currently the only popular form of professional wrestling in the United States. Because the chief purpose of such wrestling is entertainment, both the action and the outcome of exhibition matches are carefully rehearsed in advance to be dramatic or humorous. Most states require, therefore, that professional wrestling matches be advertised as exhibitions rather than as contests. The action takes place in a roped-off ring about 5.5 m (about 18 ft) square. One of the contestants, usually assuming a villainous attitude, pretends to inflict damage on the opponent with simulated eye-gouges, finger-twists, and other illegal tactics. Meanwhile the opponent wins the sympathy of the spectators by using orthodox wrestling holds, and in the end, usually triumphs.

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History

Wrestling has been popular throughout recorded history. Origins of the sport can be traced back 15,000 years through depictions in cave drawings in France. Early Egyptian and Babylonian reliefs depict wrestlers using most of the holds known to the present-day sport. In ancient Greece, wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature; wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, was the supreme contest of the Olympic Games. The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality. During the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century) wrestling remained popular and enjoyed the patronage of many royal houses, including those of France, Japan, and England. Early American settlers brought a strong wrestling tradition with them from England. The colonists also found wrestling to be popular among Native Americans. Amateur wrestling flourished throughout the early years of the nation and served as a popular activity at country fairs, holiday celebrations, and in military exercises. The first organized national wrestling tournament was held in New York City in 1888, while the first wrestling competition in the modern Olympic Games was held in 1904 in Saint Louis, Missouri. FILA was founded in 1912, in Antwerp, Belgium. The first NCAA Wrestling Championships were also held in 1912, in Ames, Iowa. USA Wrestling, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, became the national governing body of amateur wrestling in 1983. It conducts competitions for all age levels.

(Info Courtesy of: Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia & )

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Glossary of Wrestling Terms

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Wrestling Scoring

Individual Scoring

Takedown - 2 points A takedown is earned when a wrestler brings his opponent to the mat, with restraining control, from the neutral position.

Escape - 1 point An escape is earned when a wrestler, from the bottom position, breaks free from his opponent's control.

Reversal - 2 points A reversal is earned when a wrestler, from the bottom position, gains control of his opponent, placing him in the top position.

Near Fall - 2 or 3 points A near fall is earned by forcing your opponent's shoulders within four inches or 45° of the mat. If the shoulders are held in this position for at least 2 seconds, 2 points are earned. If held for5 or more seconds, 3 points are earned.

Penalty or Technical Violation - 1 or 2 points A penalty point is earned when a wrestler applies an illegal hold, is called for stalling after being warned, or does an unsportsman-like act.

A technical violation is earned when the top wrestler locks his hands around his opponent's body and is not in near fall criteria.

The 1st and 2nd offense are 1 point penalties

The 3rd offense is a 2 point penalty.

The fourth offense ends the match by disqualification.

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Team Scoring

Pin - 6 points A pin is earned by holding your opponent's shoulders or shoulder blades in contact with the mat for 2 consecutive seconds.

Technical Fall - 6 points A technical is earned when the difference in score between the wrestlers is 15 or more points.

Superior Decision - 5 points A superior decision is earned when the difference in the match score at the end or the match is between 12 and 14 points.

Major Decision - 4 points A major decision is earned when the difference in the match score at the end or the match is between 8 and 11 points.

Decision - 3 points A decision is earned when the difference in the match score at the end or the match is 7 or fewer points.

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Wrestling Scoring

Wrestling 101

Scoring Explained How does a Wrestler Score Points during his Individual Match?

Takedown: 2 points When one wrestler brings his opponent down to the mat from a standing position.

Escape: 1 point When a wrestler, controlled by the opponent, frees himself, and moves to a standing position.

Reverse: 2 points When a wrestler, controlled by his opponent on the mat, executes a move that puts him in a controlling position on top of the opponent, reversing the situation.

Nearfall (3-4 seconds) 2 points Nearfall (5+ seconds) 3 points

Fall/Pin 6 points A fall/pin is awarded when a wrestler holds both sholder blades of his opponent to the mat for a period of two seconds.

Penalty 1-3 points Usually awarded after a warning is first given, can be awarded for a variety of reasons, such as stalling, etc.

Example: In the first period, a Matcat wrestler scores a TAKEDOWN, and earns himself 2 points, but his opponent ESCAPEs, and earns 1 point.

In the second period, the Matcat wrestler scores a another TAKEDOWN (2 points) and a 4-second NEARFALL (2 points).

In the third period, no points are scored.

The match ends with a score of 6-1.

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How does an Individual Match Contribute to The Team Score?

Type of Win

Point Differential

Contribution to Team Score

Decision

under 8 points

3 team points

Major Decision

8-14 points

4 team points

Technical Fall

15+ points

5 team points

Fall/Pin

N/A

6 team points

Example: If a Matcat wrestler beats his opponent by a score of 14-2, the difference between the two scores is 12, which makes it a MAJOR DECISION, and the wrestler's personal victory contributes 5 points to the Matcat Team score.

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Wrestling Scoring

FOLKSTYLE WRESTLING

The objective of the sport of wrestling to force your opponent onto his back, to pin your opponent. A pin, also called a fall, occurs when any part of both shoulders or both shoulderblades (scapula) of either wrestler are in contact with mat for two (2) continuous seconds. A pin ends the match immediately. However, if neither wrestlers is pinned, the winner is the wrestler with the most points at the end of the match.

There are five ways to score points in a folkstyle wrestling match:

Takedown, Escape, Reversal, Near-Fall, and Penalty

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MATCH SCORING

Move

Points

Description

Takedown

2 Points

From a netural position (both standing with neither wrestler having control) a wrestler gains control over his opponent down on the mat while the supporting parts of either wrestler are inbounds.

Escape

1 Point

When a defensive (bottom) wrestler gains a neutral position and his opponent has lost control while at least one wrestler is inbounds.

Reversal

2 Points

When the defensive wrestler comes from the bottom position and gains control of his opponent, either on the mat or in a rear standing position, while the supporting points of either wrestler are inbounds.

Near Fall

2 or 3 Points

When near fall criteria is met for 2 seconds.

Near fall criteria is: when any part of both shoulders or scapula of the defensive wrestler are held for a least 2 seconds within four inches of the mat;

or when one shoulder or scapula is touching the mat with the other shoulder or scapula held at an angle of 45 degrees or less.

If near fall criteria is met for two continuous seconds, 2 points are awarded when the defensive wrestler is out of the predicament.

If near fall criteria is met for five continuous seconds a 3 point near fall is awarded when the defensive wrestler is out of the near fall situation.

Penalty

1 Point typically, See Chart

A wrestler is awarded point(s) for technical violations or infractions of the rules committed by his opponent. These points are awarded according to the penalty chart.

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PENALTY CHART

Infraction

Warning

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Illegal Holds

No

1pt

1pt

2pt

Disqualify

Unnecessary Roughness

No

1pt

1pt

2pt

Disqualify

Unsportsmanlike conduct

No

1pt

1pt

2pt

Disqualify

Stalling

Yes

1pt

1pt

2pt

Disqualify

Technical Violations

No

1pt

1pt

2pt

Disqualify

Technical violations include avoiding wrestling by leaving the mat, grabbing clothing or headgear, incorrect starting position, locked hands.

Technical violations for false start or incorrect starting position are 1 piont penalty for each infraction following two cautions. This infraction does not count toward disqualification.

Unsportsmanlike conduct- No warning, deduct 1 team point for first offense. On 2nd penalty deduct 1 team point, disqualify, and remove from premises. Includes coaches and nonparticipants.

Flagrant Misconduct- No Warning. Disqualify and deduct 2 team points. Remove from premises. Includes contestants, coaches, and non-participants.

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Team Scoring

The table below shows the team points scored for an individual match in both dual meet (two teams wrestling each other) and tournament competition.

TEAM SCORING

WON BY

DUAL MATCH

TOURNAMENT MATCH

Pin

6 Points

2 Points

Forfeit, Default, or Disqualification

6 Points

2 Points

Technical Fall won by 15 or more

5 Points

1.5 Points

Major Decision won by 8-14 points

4 Points

1 Points

Decision won by less than 8 points

3 Points

0 Points

In tournament competition, each time a wrestler advances in the Championship bracket he scores an additional 2 team points,

each time a wrestler advances in the consolation bracket he scores an additional team point.

Also, a wrestler scores team points for placing in the tournament as follows:

First Place-14 points,

Second Place - 10 Points,

Third Place- 7 Points,

Fourth Place-4 Points.

 

(Info Courtesy of: )

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Warning about the Inherent Dangers of Wrestling

Athletes and parents should be aware that Wrestling, like all sports, will always have inherent dangers. Although rare, death or catastrophic injury can result from participation in this sport, and care should be taken by all concerned to minimize such dangers through the use of appropriate equipment, proper training methods and common sense.

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For more information, please email us at matcatwrestle@

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