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1) What other classification names for the following:
Plant:
Herbivore:
Carnivore:
2) Draw a food chain that begins with a primary producer and ends with an eagle.
3) If a hurricane hits an island and kills almost all of the herbivore,
a) What would happen to the population of carnivores? Explain.
b) What would happen to the population of plants? Explain.
3) What is a sustainable ecosystem?
4) Classify each of the following as biotic or abiotic.
a) Soil b) Flower c) Wood
d) Bacteria e) Water f) Wind
g) Bird h) Stone i) Sunlight
5) Give an example of predation
6) What is the difference between predation and competition?
7) Classify each of the following as symbiosis, competition, or predation
a) Clownfish gets more food for sea anemone. In turn, sea anemone protect clownfish
b) Different species of tree grow taller to get more sunlight
c) Ptarmigan and caribou both eats mosses
d) Lions hunts for deer
e) Mushroom exchange nutrients with tree to benefit each other
f) Coyotes search around and hunt for rabbits
g) Lions and hyenas both hunts for deer
8) Why is the cycling of matter important?
9) Name the four sphere of Earth
10) What is the reaction of Photosynthesis?
11) What is the reaction of Cellular Respiration?
12) Fill in the blanks for the following graphs (3 of them) with the following information:
(Some information may be used more than once)
Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Photosynthesis
Eaten Waste / Death Cellular Respiration Burning Fossil Fuel Extraction
Absorb Decomposition Nitrification Denitrification Nitrogen Fixing
Decomposition with oxygen Decomposition without oxygen
13) Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration called complementary process?
14) What is the difference between evaporation and transpiration?
15) Why are decomposers important in the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle?
16) What are the two human impacts on the carbon cycle?
17) What is the effect of the human impact on the carbon cycle?
18) Which form of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is abiotic?
19) Which form of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is biotic?
20) As more and more houses were built around a small lake, people noticed that there was a buildup of green algae in the water. They also notice that fishing was poor.
a) What could have caused the problem?
b) Why does the fishing become poor?
21) What is Eutrophication?
22) What problem does eutrophication leads to?
23) Where is the energy source for the biosphere? What type of energy is it?
24) What are the reasons for energy loss between Trophic Level?
26) What is wrong with the following energy pyramid?
27) How does pesticide such as DDT enter a food web/ food chain?
28) What is relationship between the trophic level of organism and the concentration of DDT in its body?
29) What are the four types of pesticide? What are the functions of each type?
30) What are the benefits of pesticides?
31) Why should Canadians be concerned that other countries have not banned pesticide such as DDT?
32) What are some of the possible solution to pesticide?
33) What is the positive effect and negative effect of greenhouse effect?
34) What are the main gases that contribute to greenhouse effect?
35) What steps does the Canadian government do to reduce carbon dioxide emission?
36) How does an exaggerated greenhouse effect lead to global warming?
37) What substance that are responsible for acid precipitation are released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels?
38) What is the effect of acid precipitation on Aquatic ecosystem?
39) What is the effect of acid precipitation on Terrestrial ecosystem?
40) Many Ontario residents commute thousands of kilometers each year by year between home and work. How may their commuting be connected to the death of trees?
41) Compare and contrast Exponential Growth and Carrying Capacity.
42) Give 3 examples of abiotic limiting factor.
43) Give 3 examples of biotic limiting factor.
44) Which is a more sustainable development, Urban Sprawl or Intensification? Explain why.
45) Show an example of how human use their intellectual power to minimize many limiting factors
46) Why did the re-introduced turkey population in Ontario grow exponentially?
47) Using the following graph, answer the following parts
a) Between what times is the population at its carrying capacity?
b) Between what times is the population at its exponential growth?
c) Speculate a biotic limiting factor that can affect the water flea’s population.
48) What is the niche for wolves?
49) Give an example of top-down population regulation.
50) Give an example of Bottom-up population regulation.
51) What is the different between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
52) Explain the 3 types of symbiosis
53) What are the two negative outcomes of cutting down a forest?
55) Is our current ecological footprint sustainable? Explain.
56) Why should scientist record information about biodiversity?
57) What are the 4 methods of measuring biodiversity?
58) What is the advantage and disadvantage of using canopy fogging?
59) Name the 3 types of species that affect communities.
60) Compare and contrast between dominant species and keystone species
61) Give 2 reasons why alien species often do well when are released in a new part of the world.
62) Give 2 examples of how human actions can lead to habitat loss.
63) What are the 5 threats to biodiversity?
64) Indicate if the following statement is TRUE or FALSE. Rewrite it if it is false.
a) Human actions have caused all the species extinctions on Earths.
b) Some invasive species come from imported food or goods.
66) What are the methods to restore damaged or destroyed ecosystem?
1) What other classification names for the following:
Plant: Primary Producer / Trophic Level 1
Herbivore: Primary Consumer / Trophic Level 2
Carnivore: Secondary Consumer / Trophic Level 3
2) Draw a food chain that begins with a primary producer and ends with an eagle.
(many possible answers) Grasses ( Rabbit ( Eagle
3) If a hurricane hits an island and kills almost all of the herbivore,
a) What would happen to the population of carnivores? Explain.
Decrease. Because they will have little to no food
b) What would happen to the population of plants? Explain.
Increase. Because less organisms will be eating the plant.
3) What is a sustainable ecosystem?
An ecosystem condition in which balance is maintained over time
4) Classify each of the following as biotic or abiotic.
a) Soil abiotic b) Flower biotic c) Wood biotic
d) Bacteria biotic e) Water abiotic f) Wind abiotic
g) Bird biotic h) Stone abiotic i) Sunlight abiotic
5) Give an example of predation
(many possible answers) wolf eats arctic fox / arctic fox eats caribou
6) What is the difference between predation and competition?
Predation: One of the organisms (prey) is the resource
Competition: both organisms are fighting for the same resource
7) Classify each of the following as symbiosis, competition, or predation
a) Clownfish gets more food for sea anemone. In turn, sea anemone protect clownfish Symbiosis
b) Different species of tree grow taller to get more sunlight Competition
c) Ptarmigan and caribou both eats mosses Competition
d) Lions hunts for deer Predation
e) Mushroom exchange nutrients with tree to benefit each other Symbiosis
f) Coyotes search around and hunt for rabbits Predation
g) Lions and hyenas both hunts for deer Competition
8) Why is the cycling of matter important?
Because there are only limited amounts of resources available on Earth, they must be recycled to ensure sustainability.
9) Name the four sphere of Earth
Lithosphere / Hydrosphere / Atmosphere / Biosphere
10) What is the reaction of Photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water + light energy ( sugar (glucose) + oxygen
11) What is the reaction of Cellular Respiration?
sugar (glucose) + oxygen ( carbon dioxide + water + energy
12) Fill in the blanks for the following graphs (3 of them) with the following information:
(Some information may be used more than once)
Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Photosynthesis
Eaten Waste / Death Cellular Respiration Burning Fossil Fuel Extraction
Absorb Decomposition Nitrification Denitrification Nitrogen Fixing
Decomposition with oxygen Decomposition without oxygen
13) Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration called complementary process?
Because they are the opposite of each other in the cycle
14) What is the difference between evaporation and transpiration?
Evaporation is from a body of water while transpiration is from plants
15) Why are decomposers important in the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle?
The decomposers recycle the waste material back into the process
16) What are the two human impacts on the carbon cycle?
(i) Burning Fossil Fuel (ii) Reduced forest area
17) What is the effect of the human impact on the carbon cycle?
Increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
18) Which form of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is abiotic?
Nitrogen in the Air / Ammonium / Nitrate
19) Which form of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is biotic?
Nitrogen in the Plant Tissue / Nitrogen in Animal Tissue / Waste & Death
20) As more and more houses were built around a small lake, people noticed that there was a buildup of green algae in the water. They also notice that fishing was poor.
a) What could have caused the problem?
Extra nitrate from fertilizer causes more green algae to grow in water.
b) Why does the fishing become poor?
Depletion of oxygen in the lake
21) What is Eutrophication?
Extra nutrients lead to increase in the number of primary producer
22) What problem does eutrophication leads to?
Eutrophication can lead to a depletion of oxygen and kill all aquatic organism
23) Where is the energy source for the biosphere? What type of energy is it?
Energy Source: Sun
Type of Energy: Radiant (Light) Energy
24) What are the reasons for energy loss between Trophic Level?
Heat Loss / Growth / Move around / Stay warm / Feed its young
25) If a plant got 2345J of energy from the sun, how much energy does the following have?
a) trophic level 2: 234J
b) trophic level 3: 23J
c) trophic level 4: 2J
26) What is wrong with the following energy pyramid?
The pyramid should be decreasing
(As the trophic level increases, the amount of
energy should decreases.)
27) How does pesticide such as DDT enter a food web/ food chain?
Through Producer
28) What is relationship between the trophic level of organism and the concentration of DDT in its body?
The higher the trophic level, the higher the pesticide concentration
29) What are the four types of pesticide? What are the functions of each type?
Insecticide for insects / Herbicide for weeds /
Bactericides for bacteria / Fungicide for moulds and fungi
30) What are the benefits of pesticides?
grow more crops / reduce cost of food / control disease
31) Why should Canadians be concerned that other countries have not banned pesticide such as DDT?
Animal migrating or food imported from other places will pass the bioaccumulation of pesticide into Canada
32) What are some of the possible solution to pesticide?
Use less pesticide / Create narrow target pesticide / Create pesticide that disintegrate into harmless substances
33) What is the positive effect and negative effect of greenhouse effect?
Positive: Greenhouse effect is needed so that ocean won’t freeze
Negative: Too much greenhouse effect can lead to global warming
34) What are the main gases that contribute to greenhouse effect?
Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water, Ozone, CFC
35) What steps does the Canadian government do to reduce carbon dioxide emission?
Kyoto Protocol / Protect existing forest / Recycling Program
36) How does an exaggerated greenhouse effect lead to global warming?
- Increased carbon dioxide due to fossil fuel burning
- Extra gases absorb and sent back more energy back to Earth
- More energy leads to higher temperature
37) What substance that are responsible for acid precipitation are released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels?
Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
38) What is the effect of acid precipitation on Aquatic ecosystem?
The water become more acidic, which make it inhabitable for many fishes
39) What is the effect of acid precipitation on Terrestrial ecosystem?
Dissolve and wash away nutrients from soil
40) Many Ontario residents commute thousands of kilometers each year by year between home and work. How may their commuting be connected to the death of trees?
- Burning fossil fuel releases the oxides into the atmosphere
- The oxides lead to acid precipitation
- Acid precipitation washes away nutrients from soil
- Tree died because of lack of nutrient
41) Compare and contrast Exponential Growth and Carrying Capacity.
Similar: Both are related to population
Different: Exponential Growth is when resource is unlimited. Carrying Capacity is when resource is limited.
42) Give 3 examples of abiotic limiting factor.
(Any 3 of) Amount of sunlight / Amount of Water / Natural Disaster / Space / Temperature
43) Give 3 examples of biotic limiting factor.
(Any 3 of) Competition / Food Source / Number of Predator / Disease
44) Which is a more sustainable development, Urban Sprawl or Intensification? Explain why.
Intensification is a more sustainable development. It conserves more space.
45) Show an example of how human use their intellectual power to minimize many limiting factors
(Any one of the following)
- Build reservoir to make water available
- Build early warning system
- Automated process for agriculture
- Advances in medicine
46) Why did the re-introduced turkey population in Ontario grow exponentially?
Because the limiting factors such as space or predation is not there anymore.
47) Using the following graph, answer the following parts
a) Between what times is the population at its carrying capacity?
After 80 days
b) Between what times is the population at its exponential growth?
Between 0 to 80 days
c) Speculate a biotic limiting factor that can affect the water flea’s population.
Competition / Food Source / Number of Predator / Disease
48) What is the niche for wolves?
- Live in forest, plain, arctic, …
- Eat deer, moose, caribou, elk, sheep, and beavers
- Compete with other predator like bear for food
- Control herbivore such as deer, moose, caribou population (top-down regulation)
49) Give an example of top-down population regulation.
More hawks lead to more hunts for woodpeckers, which leads to fewer woodpeckers
50) Give an example of Bottom-up population regulation.
More woodpeckers lead to more food for hawks, which leads to more hawks
51) What is the different between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
Intraspecific competition is between the same species and interspecific is between different species
52) Explain the 3 types of symbiosis
Mutualism: Both species benefits
Commensalism: One species benefits and no harm to the other
Parasitism: One species benefits at the expense of the other
53) What are the two negative outcomes of cutting down a forest?
(Any 2 of) Severe Droughts / Soil Erosion / Less Photosynthesis / More Carbon dioxide / …
54) Name 2 ecosystem service provided by:
a) Forest
(Any 2 of) Wood & paper products / Food / Influence climate / Prevent soil erosion / Recreation & Cultural enjoyment / …
b) Insect
(Any 2 of) More pollination / Decompose material to continue the nutrient cycle / …
c) Migratory bird
(Any 2 of) Controlling pest and insect population / Recreation & Cultural enjoyment / …
55) Is our current ecological footprint sustainable? Explain.
No. Our current ecological footprint is larger than the ecosystem can provide.
56) Why should scientist record information about biodiversity?
Since higher biodiversity leads to better ecosystem sustainability, a record of biodiversity can help to maintain ecosystem sustainability.
57) What are the 4 methods of measuring biodiversity?
Canopy fogging / Quadrat sampling / Transect sampling / Netting
58) What is the advantage and disadvantage of using canopy fogging?
Advantage: Effective way to collect information
Disadvantage: Insecticide are used and may harm the ecosystem
59) Name the 3 types of species that affect communities.
Dominant species / Keystone species / Ecosystem engineer
60) Compare and contrast between dominant species and keystone species
Similar: Great influence to the community
Different: Dominant species has large population (biomass). Keystone species has less population
61) Give 2 reasons why alien species often do well when are released in a new part of the world.
(Any 2 of) No natural predator / Can out-compete native species for food / Change habitat (if they are ecosystem engineer) / …
62) Give 2 examples of how human actions can lead to habitat loss.
(Any 2 of) Deforestation / Building farm or housing / Pollution (leads to acid precipitation) / …
63) What are the 5 threats to biodiversity?
Habitat Loss / Invasive Species / Overexploitation / Reduction of Keystone species / Extinction
64) Indicate if the following statement is TRUE or FALSE. Rewrite it if it is false.
a) Human actions have caused all the species extinctions on Earths.
False. Human actions have caused some species extinctions on Earths.
b) Some invasive species come from imported food or goods.
True
65) List 3 actions you can take that contribute to environmental stewardship.
(Any 3 of) Planting tree / Getting involved in project to restore wetlands, shorelines, species at risk / Bioremediation / Bioaugmentation / …
66) What are the methods to restore damaged or destroyed ecosystem?
Master plan / Reforestation / Wetland restoration / Controlling Alien Species / Bioremediation / Bioaugmentation / …
67) What is the method used when a plant such as alfalfa and soybean are used to supplement the amount of nitrates in the soil?
Bioaugmentation
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Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Sugar in Primary
Producer
Tissues in
Secondary Consumer
Tissues in
Primary Consumer
Food for Decomposer
Ammonia
Nitrates
Nitrogen
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Sugar in Primary
Producer
Tissues in
Secondary Consumer
Tissues in
Primary Consumer
Food for Decomposer
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
Eaten
Eaten
Waste / Death
Decomposition without oxygen
Ammonia
Nitrates
Nitrogen Fixing
Nitrogen
Nitrification
Denitrification
Eaten
Decom-position
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