Ch 9/10 Freshwater Resources - Winston-Salem/Forsyth ...
Ch 9/10 Earth’s Freshwater Study Guide
Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: _____
Lesson 1: with Vocabulary, Field Lab (Titan Watershed)…
1. Hydrosphere Basics…
a. Where is most of Earth’s water? _______________________________
b. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water? __________________________
2. Which factors will INCREASE the amount of runoff water? (List 4 in a couple words each.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Water Cycle terms… Define in brief phrases.
a. Evaporation - ________________________________________________
b. Condensation - _______________________________________________
c. Precipitation - _______________________________________________
d. Infiltration - ________________________________________________
e. Transpiration - _______________________________________________
4. Water Cycle concepts…
a. How does surface water become groundwater? _______________________
b. How does groundwater become surface water? _______________________
c. Where does ground water eventually flow? __________________________
5. Watershed terms… Define in brief phrases.
a. River - ___________________________________________________
b. Tributaries - _______________________________________________
c. Watershed - _______________________________________________
d. Divide - ___________________________________________________
Lesson 2: with Web Quest (Yadkin Riverkeeper) and “What’s in Your Water?” Picture…
1. How are each of the following substances carried?
a. Chemicals - __________________________
b. Clay, silt, sand - _______________________
c. Pebbles, rocks - _______________________
2. What causes floods? ______________________________________________
3. Relate the potential of flooding to the level of the groundwater. _______________________________________________________________
4. Which agencies monitor floods? ______________________________________
5. From which N. American divide does our water flow? _______________________
6. Which two divides border the Mississippi River watershed? _________________
7. River Basics… Scattered throughout the lesson. Define in brief phrases.
a. Bed load - _________________________________________________
b. Floodplain - ________________________________________________
c. Meander - _________________________________________________
d. Headwaters - ______________________________________________
e. Mouth - ___________________________________________________
f. Alluvial fan - _______________________________________________
g. Delta - ___________________________________________________
8. What shape valley does a river carve? _______
9. Where does water in a river flow the fastest? ___________________________; the slowest? ____________________________________________________
10. Rivers!
a. What is our river? __________________________________________
b. What river drains the largest watershed in the USA? ________________
c. What river waters much of our produce grown in California? ___________
11. List 6 threats to the Yadkin-PeeDee River. ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________
Lesson 3: with Visual (Planet Earth: Freshwater) and Reinforcement (NC River Basins Map)
1. Lake terms… Define with brief phrases.
a. Pond - ____________________________________________________
b. Reservoir - ________________________________________________
2. How were the following types of lakes formed? (Briefly!)
a. Great Salt Lake in Utah - ______________________________________
b. Great Lakes - ______________________________________________
c. Weston Lake in Congaree National Park - __________________________
3. What is eutrophication? ____________________________________________ What can speed it up? ______________________________________________
4. Wetlands! Briefly define and list plants that are commonly found there.
a. Bog - _____________________________________________________
b. Marsh - ___________________________________________________
c. Swamp - __________________________________________________
5. Why are wetlands important? ________________________________________
6. What issues threaten the wetlands of N.C.? _____________________________
Lesson 4: with Reinforcement (Groundwater Demo/Lab)…
1. Groundwater terms! (Define in brief phrases.)
a. Infiltration - ______________________________________________
b. Porosity - _________________________________________________
c. Aquifer - _________________________________________________
d. Aquiclude - ________________________________________________
e. Zone of aeration - ___________________________________________
f. Zone of saturation - _________________________________________
g. Water table - ______________________________________________
2. Why does the water table topography and level vary with location? _______________________________________________________________
3. Which subsurface materials are most permeable? ________________________; least permeable? _________________________________________________
Lesson 5… with Visual (on back of Lesson 5 worksheet) and Cave Model (if done)
1. Cave Terms and Basics… (Define/Describe in brief phrases.)
a. Cave - ____________________________________________________
b. Stalactite _____________________ Stalagmite ___________________
c. Sinkhole - _________________________________________________
d. Karst topography - __________________________________________
2. Cave Formation - which acid forms caves _______________________ out of which rocks __________________________?
Lesson 6…
1. Groundwater Terms… (Define in brief phrases.)
a. Spring - __________________________________________________
b. Geyser - __________________________________________________
c. Well - ____________________________________________________
d. Drawdown - ________________________________________________
e. Recharge - ________________________________________________
f. Artesian well - ______________________________________________
2. What causes a cone of depression around a well? __________________________
3. Study the Summary on the back of Lesson 6!
Lesson 7… with Visual (Colorado River) and Water Treatment Lab
1. List the six threats to our groundwater supplies. __________________________ _______________________________________________________________
2. What is subsidence? _______________________________________________
3. What substance is drawn up when wells are over pumped? ___________________
4. What is the difference between how our eastern and western states use water? _______________________________________________________________What causes this difference? ________________________________________
5. Why are dams built? _______________________________________________
6. What is drawdown? ________________________________________________ How does it affect wells and streams? __________________________________
7. What is saltwater intrusion? _________________________________________ What causes it? __________________________________________________ How can it be prevented? ___________________________________________
8. What is the difference between point and nonpoint pollution? ______________________________________________________________ Give an example of each…
a. Point - ____________________________________________________
b. Nonpoint - _________________________________________________
9. Can most chemical contaminants be easily removed from groundwater? _________
10. What two laws were passed in the 1970s to protect our freshwater? _______________________________________________________________
11. How can our groundwater be protected? (Briefly.) _______________________________________________________________
12. How can water (or water use) be…
a. Reduced? _________________________________________________________
b. Reused/Recycled? _________________________________________________________
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