Ch 9/10 Freshwater Resources - Winston-Salem/Forsyth ...



Ch 9/10 Earth’s Freshwater Study Guide

Name: _________________________ Date: ________________ Period: _____

Lesson 1: with Vocabulary, Field Lab (Titan Watershed)…

1. Hydrosphere Basics…

a. Where is most of Earth’s water? _______________________________

b. Where is most of Earth’s fresh water? __________________________

2. Which factors will INCREASE the amount of runoff water? (List 4 in a couple words each.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Water Cycle terms… Define in brief phrases.

a. Evaporation - ________________________________________________

b. Condensation - _______________________________________________

c. Precipitation - _______________________________________________

d. Infiltration - ________________________________________________

e. Transpiration - _______________________________________________

4. Water Cycle concepts…

a. How does surface water become groundwater? _______________________

b. How does groundwater become surface water? _______________________

c. Where does ground water eventually flow? __________________________

5. Watershed terms… Define in brief phrases.

a. River - ___________________________________________________

b. Tributaries - _______________________________________________

c. Watershed - _______________________________________________

d. Divide - ___________________________________________________

Lesson 2: with Web Quest (Yadkin Riverkeeper) and “What’s in Your Water?” Picture…

1. How are each of the following substances carried?

a. Chemicals - __________________________

b. Clay, silt, sand - _______________________

c. Pebbles, rocks - _______________________

2. What causes floods? ______________________________________________

3. Relate the potential of flooding to the level of the groundwater. _______________________________________________________________

4. Which agencies monitor floods? ______________________________________

5. From which N. American divide does our water flow? _______________________

6. Which two divides border the Mississippi River watershed? _________________

7. River Basics… Scattered throughout the lesson. Define in brief phrases.

a. Bed load - _________________________________________________

b. Floodplain - ________________________________________________

c. Meander - _________________________________________________

d. Headwaters - ______________________________________________

e. Mouth - ___________________________________________________

f. Alluvial fan - _______________________________________________

g. Delta - ___________________________________________________

8. What shape valley does a river carve? _______

9. Where does water in a river flow the fastest? ___________________________; the slowest? ____________________________________________________

10. Rivers!

a. What is our river? __________________________________________

b. What river drains the largest watershed in the USA? ________________

c. What river waters much of our produce grown in California? ___________

11. List 6 threats to the Yadkin-PeeDee River. ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Lesson 3: with Visual (Planet Earth: Freshwater) and Reinforcement (NC River Basins Map)

1. Lake terms… Define with brief phrases.

a. Pond - ____________________________________________________

b. Reservoir - ________________________________________________

2. How were the following types of lakes formed? (Briefly!)

a. Great Salt Lake in Utah - ______________________________________

b. Great Lakes - ______________________________________________

c. Weston Lake in Congaree National Park - __________________________

3. What is eutrophication? ____________________________________________ What can speed it up? ______________________________________________

4. Wetlands! Briefly define and list plants that are commonly found there.

a. Bog - _____________________________________________________

b. Marsh - ___________________________________________________

c. Swamp - __________________________________________________

5. Why are wetlands important? ________________________________________

6. What issues threaten the wetlands of N.C.? _____________________________

Lesson 4: with Reinforcement (Groundwater Demo/Lab)…

1. Groundwater terms! (Define in brief phrases.)

a. Infiltration - ______________________________________________

b. Porosity - _________________________________________________

c. Aquifer - _________________________________________________

d. Aquiclude - ________________________________________________

e. Zone of aeration - ___________________________________________

f. Zone of saturation - _________________________________________

g. Water table - ______________________________________________

2. Why does the water table topography and level vary with location? _______________________________________________________________

3. Which subsurface materials are most permeable? ________________________; least permeable? _________________________________________________

Lesson 5… with Visual (on back of Lesson 5 worksheet) and Cave Model (if done)

1. Cave Terms and Basics… (Define/Describe in brief phrases.)

a. Cave - ____________________________________________________

b. Stalactite _____________________ Stalagmite ___________________

c. Sinkhole - _________________________________________________

d. Karst topography - __________________________________________

2. Cave Formation - which acid forms caves _______________________ out of which rocks __________________________?

Lesson 6…

1. Groundwater Terms… (Define in brief phrases.)

a. Spring - __________________________________________________

b. Geyser - __________________________________________________

c. Well - ____________________________________________________

d. Drawdown - ________________________________________________

e. Recharge - ________________________________________________

f. Artesian well - ______________________________________________

2. What causes a cone of depression around a well? __________________________

3. Study the Summary on the back of Lesson 6!

Lesson 7… with Visual (Colorado River) and Water Treatment Lab

1. List the six threats to our groundwater supplies. __________________________ _______________________________________________________________

2. What is subsidence? _______________________________________________

3. What substance is drawn up when wells are over pumped? ___________________

4. What is the difference between how our eastern and western states use water? _______________________________________________________________What causes this difference? ________________________________________

5. Why are dams built? _______________________________________________

6. What is drawdown? ________________________________________________ How does it affect wells and streams? __________________________________

7. What is saltwater intrusion? _________________________________________ What causes it? __________________________________________________ How can it be prevented? ___________________________________________

8. What is the difference between point and nonpoint pollution? ______________________________________________________________ Give an example of each…

a. Point - ____________________________________________________

b. Nonpoint - _________________________________________________

9. Can most chemical contaminants be easily removed from groundwater? _________

10. What two laws were passed in the 1970s to protect our freshwater? _______________________________________________________________

11. How can our groundwater be protected? (Briefly.) _______________________________________________________________

12. How can water (or water use) be…

a. Reduced? _________________________________________________________

b. Reused/Recycled? _________________________________________________________

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