University of Washington



The Effects of Abuse and Neglect on Child DevelopmentSection 3: From Three to Five YearsWorksheetGiven what you know about child development in the first five years, did anything about the video surprise you?Did you get any new insights on why Caregivers and child welfare Social Workers need to understand child development?What would you ask Ms. Robertson about Kendra’s development?How would you approach Kendra to make your own observations? How would you engage her to assess her developmental strengths and needs?Where else would you gather additional information about Kendra?Please write down your initial assessment of Kendra’s physical, social, emotional and cognitive development. How do you think abuse and neglect affected her development?On the basis of your assessment, what kinds of services would you put in place for Kendra?How would you help Kendra and her aunt develop a positive attachment? The Effects of Abuse and Neglect on Child DevelopmentSection 3: From Three to Five YearsAnswer KeyFor after you’ve answered the questions on your ownGiven what you know about child development in the first five years, did anything about the video surprise you?Sample AnswerToddlers being strapped into seats at daycareResults of hunger and povertyBenefits of play and social support for parents and childrenReading and routineEarly learning programs leading to lifelong positive outcomesReady, rested, eager, prepared, and curious – setting children up right for learning and developmentDid you get any new insights on why Caregivers and child welfare Social Workers need to understand child development?Sample AnswerSupporting children in meeting and exceeding developmental milestones is crucial for lifelong success. When children have experienced stress and trauma, they are even more susceptible to negative developmental outcomes. Assessing across developmental domains and providing structured early learning programs can help young children “catch up” and be best prepared for kindergarten and long-term academic success. What would you ask Ms. Robertson about Kendra’s development?Sample AnswerHas Kendra been involved (or is she involved) in any early learning or preschool programs?What kind of things can Kendra do independently?Can you describe her motor skills? Can she hop on one foot? Can she use scissors well? Does she enjoy running, jumping, or climbing?How well does Kendra play with her sister and cousins? Does she share and take turns? Does she cooperate with playmates?Does Kendra use her imagination often?Do you have any concerns about Kendra’s speech or language skills?Do you think Kendra has good control of her emotions? Can she communicate effectively in asking for help when she is upset?Can Kendra solve problems with help from adults or older children, or is she more inclined to cry and throw a tantrum?How does Kendra sleep?What about toileting? Does she have many accidents in the daytime? At nighttime?How would you approach Kendra to make your own observations? How would you engage her to assess her developmental strengths and needs?Sample AnswerOne of the most effective assessment tools for this age group is play. I’d sit down with Kendra, ask her to tell me about her favorite toys, and play with her with these toys. I’d bring coloring books and color with Kendra while talking with her. I’d ask her about things she is interested in and games she likes to play, as well as cover the questions I’d need to ask during the health and safety visit about her safety and wellbeing in out-of-home care.Where else would you gather additional information about Kendra?Sample AnswerI’d speak with any former or current preschool teachers, daycare providers, etc. I’d talk with other family members, especially if they have spent time caring for Kendra and her sister. I’d also review medical records and the CHET report.Please write down your initial assessment of Kendra’s physical, social, emotional and cognitive development. Sample AnswerKendra appears to be experiencing delays across developmental domains. She is described as clumsy and “physically awkward,” suggesting a motor-skill delay. Kendra appears to be struggling to meet social/emotional developmental milestones, as evidenced by indicators that she doesn’t engage in cooperative or fantasy play. Additionally, her problem-solving skills appear to be delayed as evidenced by her frequent tantrums and night terrors, which likely result from frustration around communication and emotional upset. Kendra’s speech delay could indicate problems with cognitive development.How do you think abuse and neglect affected her development?Sample AnswerIt is possible that Kendra’s developmental delays are a result of a neglectful environment, lack of appropriate developmental stimulation, insecure attachment with her primary Caregiver during her early years, exposure to chronic stress and violence, and/or the effects of malnutrition on the developing brain.On the basis of your assessment, what kinds of services would you put in place for Kendra?Sample AnswerFollow-up on any recommendations/referrals made through the CHET assessmentKindergarten-readiness assessment (or other academic assessment if she has already started kindergarten)Early childhood mental health services, to include play therapy and/or attachment work with her primary CaregiverFull developmental assessment to assess the need for:Speech/Language ServicesPhysical or Occupational TherapyBehavioral interventions to support the Caregiver/home with:Establishing a routine and consistency so Kendra knows what to expect each dayTechniques to support Kendra’s social skills with peers, and problem-solving skills with both peers and adultsEarly learning program such as Head Start or ECEAPMedical assessment to assess for malnutritionHow would you help Kendra and her aunt develop a positive attachment? Sample AnswerEarly childhood mental health providers can work with Kendra and her aunt to develop a positive attachment. This work can be done both in a clinic or a home-based setting. Most Community Mental Health Agencies have a handful of therapists who specialize in early childhood mental health. Children’s Administration also has several Master’s level therapists contracted through the Professional Services Contract, and some of these contracted providers may have additional expertise working with young children and attachment issues. ................
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