Plural of Nouns - Quia
Grammar Snippet:
Plural of Nouns
• Nouns have plural forms
• Most are recognizable by word ending
▪ Kleinigkeit >> Kleinigkeiten
• Vowel change: a>ä, o>ö, u>ü, au>äu
▪ Platz > Plätze
• In dictionary shown as:
▪ Kleinigkeit, -en
▪ Liebling, -e
▪ Brötchen, - (meaning plural is the same)
▪ Reichtum, (¨)-er
▪ Hit, -s
5 reliable plural forms
1. Plural –(e)n without vowel change
a. Feminine: -ung, -keit, -heit, -ei, -schaft, -in (Plural always innen)
b. Foreign word ending: -ik, -tion, -ade, -age, -ette, -ur, -ie, -tät, -in, -ine
c. Masculine persons with foreign ending: -and, -ant, -at, -ent, -ist, -oge, -or
d. Masculine persons and animals ending on –e
|Hoffnung |en |Freundin |nen |
|Kleinigkeit |en |Akrobat |en |
|Dummheit |en |Dirigent |en |
|Streiterei |en |Polizist |en |
|Erbschaft |en |Direktor |en |
|Statistik |en |Kollege |n |
|Tradition |en |Affe |n |
2. Plural –e
a. Masculine nouns: -ling, -teil, (w/o vowel change)
b. Masculine nouns w/ foreign word ending: -al, -är, -ar, -eur, -on (w/ or w/o vowel change)
c. Neuter nouns-German and foreign word ending: -nis (Pl. always –nisse), -zeug, -al, -ar, -ment, -iv (w/o vowel change)
|Liebling |e |Zeugnis |se |
|Vorteil |e |Flugzeug |e |
|Kanäl |e |Signal |e |
|Millionär |e |Exemplar |e |
|Bibliothekar |e |Dokument |e |
|Friseur |e |Stativ |e |
3. Plural w/o change: —
a. Neuter nouns: -chen, -lein, -sel, -er (except. Klöster), -ren, Ge-e,
b. Masculine Persons ending in –er
|Brötchen | — |Fenster |— |
|Kätzlein |— |Gebäude |— |
|Rätsel |— |Bäcker |— |
The plural w/o change have also many masculine nouns ending in –el, -en, -er, -ner (w/ and w/o vowel change) . However this is not always reliable!
▪ Enkel
▪ Kuchen
▪ Messer,
▪ Brüder
▪ Gärtner
Also feminine nouns w/ vowel change:
▪ Mütter
▪ Töchter
4. Plural –er with vowel change
a. Masculine / neuter nouns: -tum
|Reichtüm |er |
|Besitztüm |er |
Plural –er also with many neuter monosyllable nouns, but that is not a reliable rule w vowel change.
• Eier
• Kinder
• Güter
• Tücher
• Häuser
Several masculine nouns w/ vowel change:
• Männer
• Wälder
5. Plural –s (w/o vowel change),
not always 100%!
a. Nouns with vowel ending: Lama, Disco
b. Foreign words: Job, Hit
c. Abbreviations: CD
d. Some masculine nouns: Park, Schal,
e. Plural of names
|Taxi |s |Clown |s |
|Lama |s |Job |s |
|Auto |s |Song |s |
|Pulli |s |Hit |s |
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