Making Nouns Plural
Making Nouns Plural
Follow these rules to make a singular noun plural. Notice that you do not need an apostrophe!
Rule 1: To make regular nouns plural, add –s to the end.
Cat—cats
House—houses
Rule 2: If the singular noun ends in –s, -sh, -ch, -z, or –x, add –es to the end.
Truss-trusses
Bus-buses
Rule 3: If the noun ends with –f or –fe, the f is changed to –ve before the s is added.
Wife-wives
Knife-knives
Rule 4: If the singular noun ends in consonant –y, remove the –y and the ending is –ies.
City-cities
Puppy-puppies
Rule 5: If the singular noun ends in vowel –y, add an –s to the end.
Day-days
Essay-essays
Rule 6: If the singular noun ends in –o, add –es to make it plural.
Potato-potatoes
Tomato- tomatoes
Rule 7: If the singular noun ends in –us, the plural ending is frequently –i.
Cactus-cacti
Octopus-octopi
Rule 8: If the singular noun ends in –is, the plural ending is –es.
Analysis-analyses
Ellipsis-ellipses
Rule 9: If the singular noun ends in –on, the plural ending is –a.
Phenomenon-phenomena
Criterion-criteria
*Irregular nouns should be checked in the dictionary because they follow no specific rules.
Child-children
Goose-geese
Man-men
**Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.
Sheep
Moose
Aircraft
You need to see these nouns in context to understand if they are singular or plural.
Example: Mark caught one fish, but I caught three fish.
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