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Name: ___________________________________ Date: ______________ Per._________

Pluto Evidence

Model A: Pluto is a planet Model B: Pluto is not a planet

Argument 1: Supports Model _____________

Pluto should be called a planet for cultural and historical reasons. We have been calling it a planet for decades, and this means that it is a planet. When something has been called a planet for many, many years, it would be wrong to suddenly say that it is not a planet any more.

Argument 2: Supports Model _____________

Years ago, my astronomy professor told me a planet has two properties.

First, a planet is a non-self-luminous round object. A self luminous object is an object that produces its own light, like the sun. So a non-self-luminous object is an object like the earth that does not produce light. Pluto is a non-self-luminous object.

Second, a planet is an object that orbits a star. Pluto orbits the sun, which is a star. Therefore, Pluto is a planet.

Argument 3: Supports Model _____________

Pluto is not a planet because it has not cleared out its local neighborhood. When a planet has cleared its local neighborhood, there are no other objects flying where it orbits. Any object that passes near the planet either gets pulled into the planet or gets flung away by the planet.

Because the planet’s gravity is so strong, it either pulls in small objects (causing the planet itself to get larger) or it slingshots the smaller object away, sending it far away.

That is why big planets in our Solar System do not have anything near them except for moons. Pluto does not meet the important criteria of clearing its neighborhood and therefore is not a planet. There are lots of objects that pass by Pluto’s orbit. Lots of objects in the Kuiper Belt pass near Pluto. Pluto’s gravity is not strong enough either to pull these objects in or fling them away.

Argument 4: Supports Model _____________

Re-naming Pluto to a dwarf planet is a very bad decision that makes people less interested in astronomy. Now everyone is disappointed with scientists, because people feel cheated that Pluto is not a planet anymore. Adding new planets would excite the public. Taking planets away is bad for science.

Argument 5: Supports Model _____________

The new definition says that Pluto is not a planet because it has not cleared its neighborhood of smaller objects (except moons). In other words, there are many smaller objects that move around in the same area as Pluto.

But there are at least three other planets that have not cleared their neighborhoods of smaller objects.

Saturn has rings made of many, many small objects. Saturn has not cleared these out of its orbit yet.

Jupiter also has rings. Jupiter has thus not cleared its orbit.

Pluto regularly crosses Neptune’s orbit. Therefore, Neptune has not cleared its orbit, either.

But it makes no sense to say that Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune are not planets! So we should allow Pluto to be a planet, too.

Argument 6: Supports Model _____________

The demotion of Pluto was done in a political way, not a scientific way. The definition adopted was done so on the last day of the IAU's two-week conference by 4% of its members, most of whom are astronomers who do not specialize in planets. No electronic voting was allowed, so the 96% of IAU members not present in the room had no vote. Immediately after the vote to classify Pluto as a “dwarf planet,” over 300 professional astronomers signed a petition saying they will not use the new definition. The vote to classify Pluto as a dwarf planet was not a legitimate vote. Pluto is still a planet.

Argument 7: Supports Model _____________

They say that Pluto is a dwarf planet, not a planet. But saying that a dwarf planet is not a planet is silly. It is like saying that a grizzly bear is not a bear. Pluto is a planet.

Argument 8: Supports Model _____________

Pluto is composed mostly of frozen nitrogen. If Pluto were orbiting near the sun, it would quickly vaporize. There would be nothing left! The other small planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are rocky. They would not be vaporized by the sun, even if they orbited close to the sun. (And Mercury does orbit close to the sun.)

Comets are also made of substances that are vaporized by the sun. Pluto is more like comets than planets. Pluto should not be counted as a planet.

You have received 8 arguments about Pluto.

1. Choose the BEST two arguments and the WORST two arguments.

2. Write down your reasons for why these are the best two and the worst two.

|The best argument is . . |# |Reason: |

|. | | |

| | | |

|The 2nd best argument is |# |Reason: |

|. . . | | |

|The four arguments in the middle are… |# |# |# # |

|The 2nd worst argument is|# |Reason: |

|. . . | | |

|The worst argument is . .|# |Reason: |

|. | | |

| | | |

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