Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance ...

Solomon Islands Climate Change and

Disaster Risk Finance Assessment

Final Report September 2017

Prepared by the Pacific Community, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, the Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH and the United Nations Development Programme

PACIFIC ISLANDS FORUM SECRETARIAT

Supported by:

Australian

Aid

U N

D P

Solomon Islands Climate Change and

Disaster Risk Finance Assessment

Final Report September 2017

Prepared by the Pacific Community, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, the Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH and the United Nations Development Programme

Published by the Pacific Community Suva, Fiji, 2017

? Pacific Community (SPC), Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH,

and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2017.

SPC, PIFS, GIZ and UNDP authorise the reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that the source document is properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form,

whether for commercial/for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing.

Original text: English

Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment: final Report September 2017 / prepared by the Pacific Community, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, the Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH and the United Nations Development Programme

1. Risk management -- Solomon Islands. 2. Disasters -- Solomon Islands. 3. Environment -- Solomon Islands. 4. Climatic changes -- Solomon Islands. 5. Climatic changes -- Management -- Solomon Islands. 6. Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects -- Solomon Islands. 7. Environment -- Management -- Solomon Islands.

I. Title II. Pacific Community III. Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat IV. Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit V. United Nations

577.2209 9 59 3

AACR2

ISBN: 978-982-00-1078-9

Acknowledgment

The development of this Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment Report was coordinated by the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology (MECDM), on behalf of the Solomon Islands Government. It was jointly drafted by the Pacific Community (SPC), Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Support was also provided by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Center (PFTAC).

The assessment and development of this report received funding from the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Photos: SPC, PIFS, GIZ

Prepared for publication at SPC's Suva Regional Office, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji, 2017 Printed by Quality Print Limited, Suva, Fiji, 2017 spc.int

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment ? Final Report

Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................................... VII

LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................... X

LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................... XII

LIST OF BOXES....................................................................................................................... XII

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................... XIII

FOREWORD BY THE HONOURABLE MINISTER .................................................................... XIV

FOREWORD BY THE PERMANENT SECRETARY...................................................................... XV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................1

1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................17

1.1 Why is this Assessment Important for Solomon Islands?..........................................17 1.2 Scope of this Assessment......................................................................................................18 1.3 How Information was Collected and Analysed...............................................................18 1.4 Principles of Ownership and Inclusive Participation..................................................19 1.5 Structure of this Report..........................................................................................................19

2. POLICIES AND PLANNING ANALYSIS.............................................................................20

2.1 Solomon Islands International Position on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management.....................................................................................................................21

2.2 National CCDRM Policy Framework.................................................................................. 22

2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4

National Development Strategy 2016?2035............................................................................. 22 National Climate Change Policy 2012?2017............................................................................ 25 National Adaptation Programmes of Action 2008............................................................... 25 National Disaster Management Plan 2016 (draft)................................................................. 26

2.3 Other Sector Policies and Plans.......................................................................................... 26

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment ? Final Report

iii

2.4 Vertical Integration of CCDRM Policies and Planning................................................ 27 2.4.1 Provincial level policy and planning ........................................................................................ 27 2.4.2 Capturing local/community level priorities...........................................................................28

2.5 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 29

3 FUNDING SOURCE ANALYSIS......................................................................................... 30

3.1 Defining Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance in the Context of Solomon Islands........................................................................................................................31

3.2 The Global Architecture of Climate Change Finance.................................................. 32

3.3 How Much was Accessed by Solomon Islands?............................................................ 33 3.3.1 Quantitative assessment................................................................................................................33 3.3.2 Qualitative assessment and impacts of funds accessed..................................................34

3.4 Key Sources and Multilateral vs Bilateral....................................................................... 34 3.4.1 Multilateral sources..........................................................................................................................36 3.4.2 Bilateral sources................................................................................................................................. 36 3.4.3 Emerging and pipeline sources....................................................................................................36

3.5 Adaptation, Mitigation and Disaster Risk Reduction.................................................. 37

3.6 Sectoral Funding ..................................................................................................................... 38

3.7 Projects Reflected in Budget................................................................................................ 39

3.8 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 40

4. PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS..............................42

4.1 Public Financial Management Analysis.......................................................................... 43

4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5

Importance of PFM and country systems ..............................................................................43 Budget formulation and planning process..............................................................................44 The PFM system in Solomon Islands........................................................................................46 The PFM system and accreditation............................................................................................50 PFM system in times of emergency.......................................................................................... 52

4.2 Expenditure Analysis............................................................................................................. 55

4.2.1 Solomon Islands expenditure on climate and disaster risk management ? budget analysis.................................................................................................................................................55

4.3 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 62

5 INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS...............................................................................................64

5.1 Implementing Institutions for CCDRM in Solomon Islands...................................... 64

5.1.1 Supporting legislation for implementing entities................................................................ 66 5.1.2 Institutional strengthening ..........................................................................................................66 5.1.3 Coordination of CCDRM.................................................................................................................. 67 5.1.4 Climate change coordination mechanisms at the national level.................................. 67 5.1.5 Disaster risk management coordination mechanisms at the national level...........68 5.1.6 Coordinating knowledge management and learning processes ..................................69

iv

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment ? Final Report

5.1.7 Coordination mechanisms at the provincial level............................................................... 69 5.1.8 Coordination mechanisms at the community level........................................................... 70

5.2 Role of Non-State Actors in Supporting Coordination.................................................71

5.2.1 Development partners......................................................................................................................71 5.2.2 NGOs, faith-based organisations and private sector............................................................71

5.3 Green Climate Fund National Implementing Entity.................................................... 72

5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3

National Transport Fund................................................................................................................ 73 Ministry of Finance and Treasury.............................................................................................. 73 Other options ? longer-term considerations.......................................................................... 74

5.4 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 74

6 HUMAN CAPACITY ANALYSIS........................................................................................ 77

6.1 Existing Human Capacity in Solomon Islands.............................................................. 77

6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4

National level.......................................................................................................................................78 Provincial level...................................................................................................................................79 Local NGOs and International NGOs.......................................................................................... 79 Private sector....................................................................................................................................... 79

6.2 Use of Existing Human Capacity........................................................................................ 80

6.3 Development and Management of Human Capacity ...................................................81 6.3.1 Role of Academic and Research Institutions......................................................................... 82

6.4 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 83

7 GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ANALYSIS ..............................................................84

7.1 The Imperative for Gender and Social Inclusion........................................................... 85 7.1.1 Gender on global climate change finance structures ........................................................86

7.2 Mainstreaming Gender and Inclusion of Other Marginalised Groups .................. 86

7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5

Commitment: Gender and social inclusion aspects of policies and plans ............... 87 Comprehensiveness, scope and coverage...............................................................................88 Resource allocation...........................................................................................................................93 Accountability: Key institutions and mechanisms for integration...............................94 Human capacity and technical expertise for GSI.................................................................96

7.3 Opportunities for Integration of Gender and Social Inclusion into CCDRM ............................................................................................................................... 97

7.4 Role of MWYCFA in Advancing the Gender Agenda in the CCDRM Program of Solomon Islands....................................................................................................................... 98

7.5 Recommendations.................................................................................................................. 99

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment ? Final Report

v

8 DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS...................................................................100 8.1 Ownership and Leadership ................................................................................................ 101 8.2 Alignment and Harmonisation ........................................................................................ 102 8.3 Managing for Results and Mutual Accountability...................................................... 103 8.4 Role of Donors to Support Development Effectiveness............................................. 103 8.6 Role of Private Sector to Support Development Effectiveness............................... 104 8.7 Recommendations................................................................................................................ 104

9 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................106

REFERENCE LIST....................................................................................................................107

APPENDICES........................................................................................................................ 109

vi

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment ? Final Report

List of Abbreviations

ADB AF AUD BCC BIC BSC CBSI CC CCA CCD CCDR Finance CCDRM CEDAW CFRP CHICCHAP COP CPEIR CRICU CRISP

CROP CSOs DAD DCCG DCP DCRC DFAT DRM DRR DSE ECCE EDF10 EDF11 ESS EU EUR FAO FEDU FICs FMIS FRDP GAP GCCA GCF GEF GIZ

GSI

Asian Development Bank Adaptation Fund Australian Dollar Budget Coordination Committee (ministerial level) Budget Implementation Committee (at Director level) Budget Strategic Committee (at Permanent Secretary level) Central Bank of Solomon Islands Climate Change Climate Change Adaptation Climate Change Division (MECDM) Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women Climate Change Finance Readiness for the Pacific Choiseul Integrated Climate Change Adaptation Programme Conference of the Parties Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review Climate Resilience and Investment Coordination Unit Community Resilience to Climate Change and Disaster Risk in Solomon Islands Project Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific Civil society organisations Development Assistance Database Democratic Coalition for Change Government Development Cooperation Policy Disaster and Climate Risk Committee Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia) Disaster Risk Management Disaster Risk Reduction Development Services Exchange Early Childhood and Care Education European Development Fund (10th cycle, 2008?2013) European Development Fund (11th cycle, 2014?2020) Environmental and Social Safeguards European Union Euros Food and Agriculture Organisation Financial and Economic Development Unit Forum Island Countries Financial Management and Information System Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific Gender Action Plan Global Climate Change Alliance Green Climate Fund Global Environment Facility Deutsche Gesellschaft f?r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Society for International Cooperation) Gender and Social Inclusion

Solomon Islands Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment ? Final Report

vii

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download