In-text CITATIONS - RMIT University - RMIT University



IEEE referencing examples RMIT University LibraryUpdated: 29 April 2020Important:?This is a guide only. To avoid losing marks:Confirm the referencing requirements of your School with your lecturer, and Use IEEE Reference Guide, Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE Periodicals, 2020. [Online]. Available: to clarify referencing rules or if you need more examples. This guide is based on this publication.The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) citation style is a numbered style where references are numbered [1], [2], [3] in-text and so on in the order of appearance in the body of the document. A Reference List at the end of the work provides full details of all references cited in-text. The references are ordered as they appear in the in-text references (in order of citation, not in alphabetical order). You need to follow this style when acknowledging your information sources. In-text CITATIONSGeneral rulesIn your writing, you must acknowledge each author or source of information (whether print or online) either by paraphrasing or using a direct quote.References that are cited in-text MUST appear as a number within square brackets, and need to come before any punctuation with a space before the bracket. Numbered references used in-text MUST start at [1] and continue in ascending order within the body of the work. Once a source has been cited and allocated a reference number, the same reference number MUST be used throughout the body of a work if it’s referred to multiple times. Numbered citations may be treated grammatically as footnote numbers in the text e.g. As demonstrated by Smith [5] . . . For further details, see [1], [5], [7]. Numbered citations may also be treated as nouns in the text e.g. According to [7] . . . As mentioned in [4], [5], [6]–[8] . . . (note the use of the en dash symbol ‘–‘ between a source range).The?en-dash?symbol should be used between a source range e.g. [6]–[8]. The en-dash is wider than the hyphen and can be typed by holding down Alt + 0150?on the numeric keypad.List all multiple citations in ascending numerical order e.g. [1], [5], [6]–[8] or as [1, 5], [6–8].It is NOT necessary to mention either the author(s) or dates of any work cited in-text.If referring to authors in the body of the text, then all author family names must be listed up to two authors. If there are three or more authors, then cite only the family name of the first author followed by et al. for the first and subsequent citations. When directly quoting, that is using the exact words that an author has used, you must enclose the quote in double quotation marks “ ” and allocate a citation number along with the page number(s) in square brackets. In your writing, acronyms should be written out in full the first time referred to in-text, followed by the acronym in parentheses. For subsequent occurrences, the use of the acronym is acceptable. See the Abbreviations section below for more details. ParaphrasingParaphrasing is when you are expressing the ideas of the author(s) in your own words. When paraphrasing, it’s acceptable to include only the citation as a number in square brackets, or as a number along with the author’s family name as part of your sentence. Note: When paraphrasing, the citation details can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence. Citation at the beginningBenson [1] states that thermal performance . . .Citation in the middle. . . not only does the shift toward multicore processors mean more improvements in CPU speed [1], but they also consume less power and produce less heat. Citation at the end . . . and therefore the rate of heat transfer slows [1]. Note: Citations can also be structured according to whether they give prominence to the author, or to the information being conveyed. Author-prominent citationsIn his research on software thermal management, Benson [1] claims that . . . Information-prominent citations. . . where more processors are being produced to optimise power and thermal performance [1].Including page numbers in a paraphrase citationWhen paraphrasing, page numbers are not usually used as part of the citation, unless it intends to help the reader to locate the source of the information in a lengthy or complex document.Note: Including page numbers when paraphrasing is optional, and is NOT a requirement of the IEEE referencing style.Direct quotesDirect quotes are used when you are using the exact words of the author(s). Put direct quotes between double quotation marks “ ” and add both the citation number followed by a comma, and the page number(s), preceded by p. (for a single page) or pp. (for multiple pages). Do not overuse direct quotes!“Due to the nonlinear nature of the Law of Dynamic Power, if the demand on the processor is light, the operating frequency can be reduced to save clock cycles, reducing power and limiting heat generation” [1, p. 82]. Note: Quotes longer than three lines are strongly discouraged, and should be avoided. Single authorWhen paraphrasing, include the citation number in square brackets. Or, if referring to the author(s) family name in the body of the text, then include the citation number in square brackets immediately after the family name. As discussed in [1], relays are used in everyday life. Blackburn [1] states that . . . When directly quoting, give the page number(s) from the source.“Symmetrical components can be called the language of the relay engineer or technician” [1, p. 71].Blackburn notes that “Symmetrical components can be called the language of the relay engineer or technician” [1, p. 71]. Two authorsState both authors using ‘and’ between the two author family names when citing in-text. Bayliss and Hardy [2] contend that . . . Three or more authorsIf citing three or more authors in-text, use the first family name listed followed by et al. (in italics). Radulov et al. [3] argue that . . . Citing the same reference multiple times If citing the same reference within the body of the text, then use the same citation number throughout the text. IEEE does NOT allow for the use of terms such as “ibid.” or “op. cit.” when citing the same reference multiple times. Instead, if the same source is cited multiple times, then it is preferable to distinguish between these with reference to the appropriate section, for example . . . [2, p. 15] when directly quoting a single page; [2, pp. 29–31] directly quoting multiple pages; [2, Ch. 8] referring to a chapter; [2, Fig. 31] a figure; [2, Sec. 6.5] a section; [2, Tab. 12] a table; [2, eq. (7)] an equation; [2, Appendix IV] an appendix; and [2, Algorithm 9] an algorithm. Multiple citations If listing multiple citations within a sentence of text, then the preferred method is to list each citation number separately, or by inserting a comma or en dash between each number.In [1], [4], [8] it was noted that . . . It is suggested by [6]–[9] that . . . It is also acceptable for multiple citations to be listed the following way in-text:Recent studies [1, 2, 5] have noted that . . . Specific objectives [4–7] indicate that . . . List all multiple citations in ascending numerical order e.g. [1], [5], [6]–[8] or as [1, 5] and [6–8].Secondary citationA secondary citation is used when you acknowledge the work of an author that you have read about in another author’s work.The IEEE referencing style does NOT allow for the use of secondary citations.If a secondary citation has to be used, then the original source MUST be located and cited. If the original source cannot be located, then do NOT cite it. Electronic sourcesMany electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format. Use the name of the section, paragraph or chapter number as part of the in-text reference if quoting from a source that does not include page numbers.. . . as noted in [5, para. 8]. . . as suggested in [7, Sec. 12]. . . as argued in [3, Ch. 11, para. 19] The reference listGeneral rulesUse a reference list to include all of the publications you have acknowledged at the end of your work, and use the heading References or Reference List on a new page. The reference list is arranged in an ascending numbered sequence such as [1], [2], [3] and so on, and MUST be presented in the order in which they appear in the body of the text. Reference list numbers should be positioned flush against the left page margin, and the citation details MUST appear on the same line, and be indented. IEEE requires some words, months, publisher names, conference proceedings and journal titles to be abbreviated where appropriate – see Abbreviations section below for further details.Publisher names in the reference list can be abbreviated or an acronym can be used e.g. WHO may be used instead of World Health Organization.Do NOT abbreviate or use acronyms for corporate/organisation author names e.g. CSIRO should be written out as Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in the reference list. Capitalise and italicise titles where appropriate. Do NOT combine references – only one reference per number. Include a retrieval statement in the form of a URL (where possible) if the reference is taken from an electronic or online source, or alternatively, where stated in the rules, a database name. There is no full stop after a URL, and the URL should not be hyperlinked. Take care when editing any references, as this may require careful renumbering of sources cited both in-text and in the reference list. The reference list is to be formatted using 1.5 line spacing and single paragraph spacing between each citation.When citing electronic sources such as e-journal articles or e-books, you MUST include a digital object identifier (DOI) if stated. A DOI is a unique identifier that is assigned to certain electronic sources, and provides a persistent link to online content. The DOI can appear in the reference list using the following formats: doi:xx.xxxxx/xxxxxx. or . or . A full stop should appear at the end of the DOI. If no DOI is assigned, include either the journal/database homepage URL if taken from a library database, or the full URL if taken from a source on the open web. Place of publication For the place of publication, add the city, and then include the state code (if applicable) and country name, followed by the publisher and year of publication. Cities in the USA need the state abbreviation and country. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2017. Cities in other countries (outside the USA) just need to include the city name and country.Oxford, U.K.: Newnes, 2012. Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 1991.AbbreviationsMonth abbreviations When citing journals, patents and websites, use the following abbreviations for months:Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. (note that some months appear in full and DO NOT require a full stop). Use a forward slash for bimonthly issues e.g. Apr./May 2016 and a en dash for a quarterly issue e.g. June–Aug. 2015. Word abbreviationsStandard IEEE words when used in a reference should be abbreviated. See the Useful Abbreviations in References section of the IEEE Reference Guide (2020) pp. 20–24 for details: title abbreviationsIf referencing any IEEE journal titles, then refer to the IEEE Journal Titles and Reference Abbreviations (2018) document for details: title abbreviationsWhen referencing IEEE magazine titles, then refer to the IEEE Magazine Titles and Reference Abbreviations (2018) document for details: proceeding abbreviationsWhen citing conference proceedings, the common rule is to list the author(s), title, name and location (if provided) of the conference and use any standard abbreviations where necessary. For further details, refer to the Conferences and Conference Proceedings section of the IEEE Reference Guide (2020) p. 5: Publisher abbreviationsFor a list of some publisher abbreviations refer to the List of Publishers section of the IEEE Reference Guide (2020) pp. 24–39 for details: in-textAcronyms are to be defined in-text and written out in full the first time, followed by the acronym in parentheses e.g. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). For subsequent occurrences the use of the acronym is acceptable e.g. NASA. Acronyms in the reference listAcronyms in the reference list are to be written out in full for corporate/organisation author names. However, publisher names can be abbreviated or an acronym can be used. BooksWhen citing books make sure to include the following information where available:Author(s) initials. Family name(s), or name of organisation/company, Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. Book with single author [1]J. L. Blackburn, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2014.Book with two to six authors List all authors (up to six), separating the last two author names with ‘and’. [2]G. Radulov, P. Quinn, H. Hegt, and A. van Roermund, Smart and Flexible Digital-to-Analog Converters. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2011.Book with more than six authorsIf there are more than six authors listed, use et al. (in italics) after the first author’s family name. [3]H. F. Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 7th ed. New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman and Co., 2012.Book with an edition numberInclude the edition number followed by the abbreviation ed. after the book title. If the book is a first edition, or no edition is stated, do NOT include the edition number.[4]J. Wickert and K. Lewis, An Introduction to Mechanical Engineering, 4th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2017. Corporate author Place corporate name in the author position.[5]Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Division of Entomology, The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers, 2nd ed. Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press, 1991.Translated book Include the translated title and details such as language directly after the publisher. [6]L. Y. Kupriyanov, Semiconductor Sensors in Physico-Chemical Studies. Burlington, VT, USA: Elsevier Science (in Russian), 1996.Book chapter (in an edited book) Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of the chapter," in Title of the Book, Ed., (editor if available), ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication, pp. chapter/s or first and last pages of the article.[7]L. B. Wagenaar, "Electrical bushings," in Electric Power Transformer Engineering, J. H. Harlow Ed., 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2012, pp. 1-24.E-book from a databaseAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. [Online]. Available: database homepage URL [8]P. Curwen and J. Whalley, Mobile Telecommunications in a High-Speed World: Industry Structure, Strategic Behaviour and Socio-Economic Impact. Farnham, U.K.: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2011. [Online]. Available: E-book from the internet Author(s) initials. Family name(s),?Title of Book, ed. (edition, except the first). Place of Publication City, abbrev. U.S. State (if applicable), Country: Publisher, Year of Publication. [Online]. Available: site/path/file[9]L. Scharf, A First Course in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Houston, TX, USA: Connexions, 2012. [Online]. Available: Journal articlesThe IEEE Referencing Style requires the abbreviation of journal titles in a reference.?Use IEEE Journal Titles and Reference Abbreviations?(2018) or the?CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool?to locate the correct abbreviation. For example, the official title abbreviation for the?International Journal of Advanced Materials Research, as cross-checked in?CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool, is?Int. J. Adv. Mater. Res.Other examples include:Advances in Optical and Photonic Devices = Adv. Opt. Photonic DevicesChemistry in Microelectronics = Chem. Microelectron.If you cannot locate the journal title, you can?spell out the name of the journal title in full.Journal article with single author Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, Month (if available) Year.[10]D. Ibrahim, “Development of a low-cost educational liquid-level sensor circuit,” International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education,?vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 168-181, 2015.Journal article with two to six authorsList all of the authors (up to six), separating the last two names with ‘and’. [11]A. A. P. Biscaro, R. A. F. Pereira, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, “Integrated fault location and power-quality analysis in electric power distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 428-436, Apr. 2016.Journal article with more than six authorsIf there are more than six authors listed, use et al. (in italics) after the first author’s family name. [12]C. Y. Chun et al., “Current sensor-less state-of-charge estimation algorithm for lithium-ion batteries utilizing filtered terminal voltage,” J. Power Sources, vol. 273, pp. 255-263, Jan. 2015. E-journal article with a DOIAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, Month (if available) Year, doi:. [13]S. Shao, J. Bi, F. Yang, and W. Guan, “On-line estimation of state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle using the resampling particle filter,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 32,?pp. 207-217, Oct. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.013.E-journal article from a library databaseAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, Month (if available) Year. [Online]. Available: database homepage URL [14]J. Blau, “Big demand for big data scientists in Europe,” Research Technology Management, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 3-6, May/June 2015. [Online]. Available: article from the internetAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Journal, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article (if available), Month (if available) Year. [Online]. Available: site/path/file[15]C. Song and S. W. Tan, “A perspective on the rise of optofluidics and the future,” Micromachines, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1-17, May 2017. [Online]. Available: article, printAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Magazine, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, Month (if available) Year.[16]K. A. Burke, “High energy density regenerative fuel cells systems for terrestrial applications,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 23-34, Dec. 1999.Magazine article, onlineAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of article," abbrev. Title of Magazine, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), pp. first and last pages of the article, Month (if available) Year. [Online]. Available: name of database[17]F. Rothganger, “Special report: Can we copy the brain? The dawn of the real thinking machine,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 22-25, May 2017. [Online]. Available: IEEE databaseConferencesConference paper, published in proceedingsAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of paper," in abbrev. Title of Proceedings, Place of Publication, Year (only if not already stated in title), pp. first and last pages of paper, doi:. (if available)[18]B. Lin, X. Tang, and X. Huang, "Research on fiber optic gyroscope adaptive filtering algorithm based on FPGA," in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1354-1357, doi: 10.1109/62.811091. Conference paper, presented (not published in proceedings)Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of paper,” presented at the abbrev. Title and Year of Conference. [Online]. Available: site/path/file[19]X. Yang, “NIRA: A new internet routing architecture,” presented at the ACM SIGCOMM FDNA 2003 Workshop. [Online]. Available: , print Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number/Type (if available), Month Day (if available), Year of Publication.[20]M. L. James, “A history of Australia’s space involvement,” Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Working Paper 241, Nov. 1991.Report, print (corporate author) Organisation/company name, "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number/Type (if available), Month Day (if available), Year of Publication.[21]National Aeronautics and Space Administration, “Space flight: The first 30 years,” NASA, Washington, DC, USA, Report 1, 1991. Report, online Author(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number/Type (if not in title), Month Day (if available), Year of Publication. [Online]. Available: site/path/file[22]A. A. Catellier and S. D. Voran, “NTIA technical report TR-17-522: Intelligibility of selected speech codecs in frame-erasure conditions,” NTIA, Washington, DC, USA, May 5, 2016. [Online]. Available: , online (corporate author) Organisation/company name, "Title of report," Publisher, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Report Number/Type (if available), Month Day (if available), Year of Publication. [Online]. Available: name of database or site/path/file[23]State of Victoria (Department of Treasury and Finance), “Victorian state of engineering 2018,” Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Australia, 2018. [Online]. Available: WebpagesWebpageAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s). “Title of webpage.” Title of Website (if available). URL (accessed Month Day, Year). [24]T. Fleischman. “Stabilizing molecule could pave way for lithium-air fuel cell.” . (accessed Apr. 30, 2017). Webpage, (corporate author) Organisation/company name. “Title of webpage.” Title of Website (if available). URL (accessed Month Day, Year). [25]Energy Networks Australia. “Judicial review of energy network regulatory decisions.” Energy Networks Australia. (accessed June 1, 2017). Audiovisual mediaStreaming video / YouTube videoVideo Owner/Creator, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country. Title of Video. Release date (Month Day if available, Year). Accessed Month Day, Year. [Online Video]. Available: site/path/file [26]nottinghamscience, U.K. What is Nanotechnology? (Apr. 15, 2008). Accessed Feb. 22, 2018. [Online Video]. Available: tutorialVideo Owner/Creator, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country. Title of Video. Release date (Month Day if available, Year). Accessed Month Day, Year. [Online Video]. Available: site/path/file [27]S. Allardice, Reviewing Software Development Methodologies. (May 22, 2012). Accessed June 2, 2017. [Online Video]. Available: podcast Podcast Owner/Creator, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country. Title of Podcast. Release date (Month Day if available, Year). Accessed Month Day, Year. [Podcast]. Available: site/path/file [28]A. Schiffrin, Sydney, Australia. Materials go Nano. (Jan. 8, 2017). Accessed May 12, 2017. [Podcast]. Available: Other sourcesBlogAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country. Title of Blog. Release date (Month Day if available, Year). Accessed Month Day, Year. [Blog]. Available: site/path/file? [29]V. Pterneas, Kinect for Windows version 2: Body tracking,” (Mar. 13, 2014). Accessed June 2, 2017. [Blog]. Available: Dataset (with a DOI)Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of dataset, vol. (volume number, if applicable), Publisher, Month Day, Year, doi:.[30]Y. Ren et al. Microstructures of cold-sprayed titanium before and after heat treatment, vol. 7, CSIRO Data Collection, 2017, doi: (with a URL)Author(s) initials. Family name(s), Title of dataset, vol. (volume number, if applicable), Publisher Month Day, Year. [Online]. Available: site/path/file[31]D. Gore, The hydraulic behaviour of permeable reactive barrier materials under freeze-thaw conditions, Australian Antarctic Data Centre, 2005. [Online]. Available: and tables Author(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of figure/table,” abbrev. Title of Publication, vol. (volume number), no. (issue number), p. or pp. page(s) of figure, Month Year of Publication. [32]Y. Karatas and F. Ince, “Fuzzy system with two inputs and one output,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 31, no. 5, p. 32, May 2016. PatentAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), “Title of patent,” abbrev. Country (if applicable) Patent Number, Month Day (if available), Year. [Online]. Available: site/path/file [33]K. Deby, “Multinode temperature sensor,” Aus. Patent 2016102110, 2016. [Online]. Available: communicationAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), private communication, Month Year.[34]L. Nguyen, private communication, Aug. 2016. StandardTitle of Standard, Standard Number, Publisher (if available), Year. [Online]. Available: site/path/file[35]IEEE Standard for Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems, 1900.6, IEEE, 2011. [Online]. Available: saiglobal/ieee2743287647644ThesisAuthor(s) initials. Family name(s), "Title of thesis," Type of thesis (Ph.D. dissertation or M.S. thesis), abbrev. Department, abbrev. University, Place of Publication City, abbrev. US State (if applicable), Country, Year of Publication. [Online]. Available: site/path/file [36]M. Al-Saidi, “A model formulation approach for system support engineering,” Ph.D. dissertation, Aero., Mech. and Manuf. Eng., RMIT Univ., Melbourne, Australia, 2014. [Online]. Available: of a reference listReference List[1]J. L. Blackburn, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2014.[2]H. F. Lodish et al., Molecular Cell Biology, 7th ed. New York, NY, USA: W. H. Freeman and Co., 2012.[3]A. A. P. Biscaro, R. A. F. Pereira, M. Kezunovic, and J. R. S. Mantovani, “Integrated fault location and power-quality analysis in electric power distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 428-436, Apr. 2016.[4]S. Shao, J. Bi, F. Yang, and W. Guan, “On-line estimation of state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicle using the resampling particle filter,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 32,?pp. 207-217, Oct. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.07.013.[5]K. A. Burke, “High energy density regenerative fuel cells systems for terrestrial applications,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 23-34, Dec. 1999.[6]B. Lin, X. Tang, and X. Huang, "Research on fiber optic gyroscope adaptive filtering algorithm based on FPGA," in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp. 1354-1357, doi: 10.1109/62.811091.[7]Energy Networks Australia, “Judicial review of energy network regulatory decisions.” Energy Networks Australia. (accessed June 1, 2017).[8]nottinghamscience, U.K. What is Nanotechnology? (Apr. 15, 2008). Accessed Feb. 22, 2018. [Online Video]. Available: [9]Y. Ren et al. Microstructures of cold-sprayed titanium before and after heat treatment, vol. 7, CSIRO Data Collection, 2017, doi: .[10]K. Deby, “Multinode temperature sensor,” Aus. Patent 2016102110, 2016. [Online]. Available: [11]IEEE Standard for Spectrum Sensing Interfaces and Data Structures for Dynamic Spectrum Access and Other Advanced Radio Communication Systems, 1900.6, IEEE, 2011. [Online]. Available: saiglobal/ieee2743287647644[12]M. Al-Saidi, “A model formulation approach for system support engineering,” Ph.D. dissertation, Aero., Mech. and Manuf. Eng., RMIT Univ., Melbourne, Australia, 2014. [Online]. Available: ................
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