Name _____________________________ Date ...



Name _____________________________ Date ____________________ Period ______

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

UNIT 2, SECTION 4

SECTION OVERVIEW

-It is often referred to as the crossroads of ________ continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe).

-Its culture was influenced by many cultures including those of ancient _________, __________, and _________.

-700-800 it had a ___________ Age or a period of great achievement.

KEY THEMES, CONCEPTS, PEOPLE, AND TERMS

1. Caliph- ______________________________________________

2. Sharia- ______________________________________________

3. Sunni- _______________________________________________

4. Shi’ite- ______________________________________________

5. Umayyad Dynasty- _____________________________________

6. Abbassid Dynasty- ______________________________________

7. Averröes- _____________________________________________

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM

-_________ TRUE OR FALSE. Do the rule of the caliphate the Muslim world expanded.

Diverse Lands and Peoples

1. After _____________’s death Islam spread ___________.

2. His successor, Abu Bakr, conquered areas from Persia to Spain only stopping at _________ in 732.

3. MIDDLE EAST—conquered by the early 600s.

4. NORTH AFRICA—brought Islam in the mid- to late 600s. Early on they fought each other. In time, the Muslims and North Africans joined to conquer Spain.

5. SPAIN AND SICILY—attacked Spain in the early 700s. Western Europe was ______, during the ________ Ages.

6. INDIA—conquered in the early 700s, then Islam’s spread slowed until the 1200s.

7. SOUTHEAST ASIA—Spread from India to SE Asia in the 1200s mainly by _________.

8. ALL OF THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF _________________.

Reasons for Muslim Success

1. Arabs were _________ fighters (used camels and horses).

2. The ______________ and ___________ Empires were ______ from fighting wars against each other.

3. The Muslims were __________ by their belief in Islam.

4. Muslim rulers often treated conquered peoples ___________.

5. Many people converted because of this treatment after living years under __________ rulers.

ISLAMIC LAW AND ITS IMPACT

A. As Islam spread, scholars developed a system of _______ to help people understand the ________ (Koran) and apply it to daily life.

B. The __________ (Islamic Law) regulated ________ behavior, family life, business, government, and other areas of community life. It acted to __________ Muslims.

DIVISIONS WITHIN ISLAM

A. Sunnis believed that the _________ should be chosen by _______ leaders. They did not view the _________ as a religious authority.

B. Shi’ites believed that only ______________ of the prophet ________________ should be his successors. They believed that these individuals were _____________ inspired.

C. ________ TRUE OR FALSE. This split today no longer exists.

SOCIAL PATTERNS

Social Mobility

1. It was possible to ____________ in the social order, especially through religious, scholarly, or military achievements.

Treatment of Conquered Peoples

1. Imposed a special _____ on non-Muslims, but still allowed them to practice their own faiths.

Slavery

1. Just like in Greece and Rome _________ was common here.

2. ______ TRUE OR FALSE. It was not possible for a slave to buy his or her freedom.

Status of Women

1. Islam teaches the spiritual __________ of men and women.

2. The _________ (Koran) protected women, like a women had _______________ rights, could be ____________, and had to consent to marriage freely. But differences still occurred.

3. As Islam spread, Muslims adopted beliefs of some non-Arabs, such as women had to have a ________ covered from head to toe (this is from Byzantium and Persia).

MUSLIM EMPIRES

A. The Umayyad Dynasty

1. Islam grew under this family, spreading to the ___________ Ocean in the West to the ________ Valley in the East.

2. Conquests brought ___________, but had to rule over large territories forcing them to rely on ________ officials to govern.

3. Over time, conquests slowed and internal disagreements increased between the ______ and _______ eventually resulting in rebellion.

The Abbassid Dynasty

1. This ended _______ domination of Islam. They ruled from __________________.

2. The rulers enjoyed great _________ and _________, leading to a Muslim ____________ Age.

Political Divisions

1. Around 850 unity declined, the ________ Turks took control.

2. The religion, however, continued to link people over three continents.

ISLAM’S GOLDEN AGE (review the chart on page 85)

-Muslims absorbed and blended customs and traditions from many peoples that they ruled. They emphasized ___________, achievements in the arts and sciences, and flourishing economies based on _________.

Preservation of Greco-Roman Culture

1. Muslim scholars translated the works of many ______ scholars.

2. Muslim advances in _________, astronomy, and __________ were also partly based on their study of ________ and _________ knowledge.

A. Education

1. Muhammad taught respect for ___________.

2. There were many _____________ and universities in major cities of the Muslim world.

B. Art and Architecture

1. MOSQUES AND PALACES—influenced by ___________ domes and arches.

a. Not allowed to portray _______ or ___________ figures in religious art.

2. CALLIGRAPHY—used on buildings and in art.

3. DRAWINGS AND PAINTINGS

C. Literature and Philosophy

1. Poetry—used many themes from praise of important leaders to contemplation of the joys and sorrows of _______. Many poems based on the most important piece of writing—the __________.

2. TALES—adapted stories from ________, __________, ___________, and Egyptian culture.

3. PHILOSOPHY—translated the philosophical works of ______, ___________, and ___________ writers. The scholar Ibn Rushd, known in Europe as _____________, strongly influenced medieval ____________ scholars with his writings on _______________.

D. Mathematics and Science

1. ALGEBRA—founded by Muslims.

2. ASTRONOMY—advanced on the ideas of ________ and Indians. Calculated the _____________ of the Earth to within a few thousand feet.

3. MEDICINE--_________ had to pass tough exams, set up hospitals.

E. Economic Achievements

1. Had a ____________ economy, extensive ________ network, encouraged manufacturing, and ______________ flourished.

2. TRADE—____________ were honored in Muslim society. Traders not only exchanged goods but spread _________ beliefs, __________, and ____________ as well.

3. MANUFACTURING—________ organized manufacturing

4. AGRICULTURE—grew sugarcane, _______, herbs, fruit, etc.

I. CHRISTIAN EUROPE ENRICHED BY ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

A. Muslim Spain

1. ________ became a magnificent Muslim cultural center.

B. Muslim Sicily

1. Provided effective _____________ and helped the __________ grow.

C. The Crusades

1. Crusaders came into contact with Muslim peoples and cultures.

2. Europeans were impressed with advancements in the ______ and ____________ as well as the preservation of _________________ culture.

3. This is an example of INTERDEPENDENCE—relying on each other.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS PAGES 101-105.

5. _______ 6. _______

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