Aim: Why did immigrants come to the United States?



ImmigrationSocial Studies 8Mrs. Francis1932305160020Name: ___________________________ Period______Essential Question: How did immigration and urbanization impact the development of the United States?Aim: Why did immigrants come to the United States?Do Now: Explain the relationship between industrialization and immigration.______________________________________________________________________________HW: Old Immigrants_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Reasons for immigration: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Areas of Settlement: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Difficulties they faced: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Contributions: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________New Immigrants1850-1924_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Reasons for immigration: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Areas of settlement: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Difficulties faced: Adjusting to life in the US caused a strain on many immigrant families. Children were learning English and American customs which concerned Immigrant parents. Faced discrimination in jobs and housing since backgrounds were so different from earlier immigrants.Contributions: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The New ImmigrantsIn the 1880s, the number of immigrants entering the United States from Europe was larger than ever before. Throughout the decade, wave after wave of hopeful foreigners entered the land of America. Prior to the 18802, most immigrants had come from northern Europe, especially from England, Ireland, and Germany. Now they came from eastern and southern Europe as well (Poland, Greece, Italy, and other nations).The majority of these new arrivals settled in the urban centers of the East, causing the population of cities such as New York to increase dramatically. Before the end of the decade, over 5 million Europeans had come to America, and by 1900, another 3.75 million had joined them.Why did this wave of “new immigrants “travel to America? Many had been suffering as underpaid farm workers in a system of serfdom. Others were attempting to avoid military service, for in nations such as Russia and Germany, young men could be drafted, which meant they were forced to do military service. Many Jews came to America because of religious and ethnic persecution. Anti-Semitism, or hatred of Jewish people, was a real problem for Jews in many countries in Europe. Some nations, particularly Russia, even carried out official government persecution of the Jews. Having left old problems behind, the new immigrants soon were faced with problems of a different sort. A major stumbling block was the fact that the majority did not speak English. Most of the jobs they could find paid low, “immigrant wages,” and they were often forced by circumstances to live in urban slums or decaying neighborhoods. There was also a lack of acceptance by “native Americans” (Europeans who had been settled in their adopted country for several generations). Moves were made by a variety of groups, including some members of the Congress, to oppose this great influx of foreigners.Although many immigrants came to America with the hope of finding a free, easy life with golden opportunities for all, most soon discovered the existence of harsher realities. In order to succeed in America, hard work and determination were required. Still, the quality of life in America did prove superior to that which had been left behind. For most, America was truly a “promised land.”Complete the chartList the problems that motivated Europeans to come to America in the 1880s. Then list the problems that they encountered when they arrived.Problems Left BehindProblems Encountered_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-13335057150Directions: Use the information from the flowchart to answer the following questions:What were three ways in which immigrants were grouped or classified on board ship and during the inspection process?Make a chart listing some of the challenges, tragedies, and triumphs of the Ells Island paring Ellis Island and Angel IslandAim: Do Now: HW: to Ellis Island! Over 12 million immigrants entered the United States through this small island in New York Harbor and more than 40% of Americans can trace their ancestors back to Ellis Island. The importance of this island on society during the Gilded Age and on American society as a whole cannot be overstated. Activity: Follow the immigrants’ footsteps and learn more about their journey through Ellis Island.Part I: The PassageRead the information on this page and answer the following questions:Where did most of the immigrants entering the US through Ellis Island come from?Why did immigrants come to the United States?Define the word “steerage”. Who usually traveled in the steerage?Click on the “Learn More” link in Did you Know? Box on the right hand of the screen. What is the difference between an immigrant and an emigrant?Click on the “Photos” tab at the top of the screen. Click through each of the pictures. What do these images show about the journey to Ellis Island and how the immigrants felt on the journey?Click the Next button at the top, until you get to the 4th stop: The Stairs at the Registry Room.Part II: The Stairs to the Registry RoomRead the information on this page and answer the following questions:What were doctors looking for as they watched the immigrants climb the stairs?4438650193252What feared medical inspection did immigrants receive once they reached the top of the stairs shown in the photo on the right? Click on the “learn more” link in the Did you Know? Box. How many immigrants were officials expecting to pass through Ellis Island in a year? Were their predictions correct? How many immigrants passed through in 1907?Click on the Next button to get to the 5th stop: The Registry Room.Part III: The Registry RoomThe Registry Room is nicknamed the Great Hall because it is so big. What was the main use of the Great Hall at Ellis Island?Click on the Photos tab and examine the images of the Great Hall. Based off these images, what do you think the process was like of passing through Ellis Island?Click on the Next button at the top, to get to the 6th stop: The Medical Exam. Part IV: The Medical ExamRead the information on this page. What happened during the “6-second physical”?Click on the Photos tab at the top of the page. The last image shows the chalk markings that were drawn on immigrants’ clothing to explain what kind of medical condition they had. What did an “X” stand for? What did a Pg stand for?After the medical inspection, immigrants then had to complete a legal inspection before completing the process at Ellis Island. Unfortunately, some had to be detained for further examination or questioning, however, most made it through without incident.Follow the link below to take the next journey: to Angel Island. This was the gateway for immigrants coming from Asia who arrived on the West Coast. Click the Start! Button to begin following the voyage of a young Chinese girl name Li Keng Wong from a small Chinese village to the United States of America.Click the preparing to leave link on the left of the pageWhat did Li Keng and her family have to do in order to prepare for the immigration laws?What was the purpose of the questions?What would happen if someone in Li Keng’s family answered a question “incorrectly?”Click on Arriving at Angel IslandWhat countries did immigrants come from that went through Angel Island?Look at the photo and its caption on this page. What event led to the immigrants shown in the photo to come to the US?Click on the Detained on Angel Island linkDefine the word detain:What was the major fear of those who were being detained on Angel Island?What was life like on Angel Island for someone waiting to move to the US?Complete the diagram below – comparing Ellis Island and Angel Island-285751162347Which Immigrants Shall We Take?Directions: In this worksheet, you will determine which immigrants the United States should take and the order in which they should be taken. Choose 3 people (or families) that you would allow to immigrate to the United States. You must five reasons why you chose these people. Be prepared to justify why you would not choose others. Joseph Gonzales, age 37, has been unemployed for most of the last four years. Last year he moved with his wife and five children to Mexico City to look for work, but since he is illiterate and has few skills he could find none. He wants to come to the United States to be a migrant farm worker, picking grapes, lettuce, tomatoes, and other crops.Irma Munoz, age 36, wants to move from Colombia to New York City with her three children. Her husband died last year of a heart attack. She speaks English and has secretarial skills. She plans to put her youngest two children in day care centers while she works. She has many relatives in New York City. Fidel Ruiz, age 43, has escaped from communist- Cuba with his wife and four children and wants to move to Miami. He is a well-educated teacher who speaks English fluently. He says he is hard-working and ambitious.Woojin Chin, age 26, is a college physics professor at the University of Beijing. He wants to move to the United States to improve his career, he says.Lua Nguyen, age 40, and her three children are boat people who escaped from Vietnam. While at sea, she and her family were robbed of all their possessions by pirates. They are now in a refugee camp in Thailand. Lua and her children are all very smart in mathematics. They speak no English but do speak French in addition to Vietnamese. They are currently suffering from malnutrition in the refugee camp. Ramon Duvalier, age 28, wants to come with his wife and one child as a legal immigrant to the United States. He has been caught and deported four times for entering the United States illegally from Haiti to work as a migrant farm worker. Maria Persuad, age 31, and her six children want to move to the United States from Guyana. Since her husband left her three years ago, Maria and her family have lived in terrible poverty and on the edge of starvation. She has had two children die of malnutrition in those three years. She has no skills and does not speak EnglishAim: Can America be considered a “Melting Pot” or a “Salad Bowl”?Do Now: Explain the difference between “old” and “new” immigrants.___________________________________________________________________HW: “Give me your tired , your poor, your huddled masses, yearning to breath free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore, send these, the homeless, tempest tossed to me…”Nativism__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Problems_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ethnic GhettosMost settled in neighborhoods with immigrants of the same background. WHY??__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Conflicts__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-30569017092Immigration RestrictionsAim: Was the US government justified in restricting immigration?Do Now: Define cultural pluralismHW: Reaction Against ImmigrationNativism- ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Immigrants faced prejudice and discrimination.Nativists called for legislation.Know-Nothing Party – worked to limit voting strength of immigrants. Died out by 1850s.Chinese Exclusion Act – ______________________________________________________Gentlemen's Agreement _______________________________________________________Literacy Tests – _____________________________________________________________Immigration Act 1917 – Halted Immigration from the Far EastQuota Acts of the 1920sEmergency Quota Act (1921) – _________________________________________________National Origins Quota Act (1924) – further reduced immigration - favored those from northern and western Europe.National Origins Act (1929) – further limited immigration to 150,000 people a year.Recent RestrictionsImmigration Act 1965 – Replaced immigration policy based on 1. ________________________________________________________________________2. Immigrants skills 3. ________________________________________________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________________Immigration Act 1990 – Raised total number of immigrants admitted per year to 714,000Stations: Each group will receive 4 documents. After analyzing each document, answer the following questions. Document 1The man in the cartoon labeled “white” is supposed to be Irish. What is the message of this cartoon?Thomas Nast, the cartoonist, drew for Harper’s Weekly. Based on this cartoon, what sort of people do you think read Harper’s Weekly?Document 2Why did the ‘Know –Nothings’ hate the Catholics so much? List at least 4 reasons.According to the ‘Know-Nothings’ could the Irish ever be true Americans? Why or why not?Document 3What type of employers is not interested in Irish help?In the editorial, how is the author trying to advocate for the Irish?Document 4The angry woman in the cartoon is supposed to be Irish. Describe what she looks like and how she’s acting.Based on this cartoon, what job do you think many Irish women had in the 1880s? AIM: How has the United States dealt with recent immigrants?Do Now: What should be our policy with regard to immigration?Recent ImmigrationWhere they came fromWhy they cameVietnam and CambodiaSoviet UnionCuba, Haiti, and Central AmericaMexico, Korea, and the PhilippinesImmigration Policies Since 1965Immigration Act of 1965Refugee Act 1980Immigration and Control Act of 1986Review for QuizReasons for immigrationProblems they facedWhy did the government restrict immigration?Examples of how immigration was restricted.Impact on industrialization and urbanization-23495-85090-276225-190500-4626425037223876074295Immigration to UrbanizationAim: Why did immigration lead to urbanization?Do Now: Define settlement houseHW – Growth of Cities________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________US cities grew by about 15 million people due to the expansion of industry. Noise, traffic jams, slums, air pollution, and sanitation and health problems became commonplace.Mass transit, in the form of trolleys, cable cars, and subways, were built, and skyscrapers began to dominate city skylines.City Life________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Neighborhoods, especially for immigrant populations, were often the center of community life.Many immigrant groups attempted to hold onto and practice precious customs and traditions.Tenements________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ They usually were occupied by more than three families who resided in separate compartments.? The tenement problem was further compounded by the?lack of proper waste management organizations and facilities being offered. Alleys would pile up with?garbage, human excretions, and horse dung. Hull HouseA community center that offers services to the poor._______________________________________________________________________In 1931 she won the Nobel Peace Prize.Provided nurseries, organized sports and theater. Taught English and gave classes in health care.Questions to answerWhat was life like in the city?Why did immigrants settle in cities?How could city life be improved?How were the poor helped?-6096045720What does this selection tell us about the Settlement House movement of the late nineteenth century?How did the growth of cities and the influx of immigrants lead to the Settlement House movement?History through DocumentsNew York Tenements in 1890-571501233805Journalist Jacob Riis took a special interest in exposing living conditions in New York Tenements. He toured the slums where many new immigrants lived and took photographs of what he saw. Then in 1890 he published a book that combined his written descriptions with his vivid photographs. The following excerpt is taken from Riis’s book How the Other Half Lives.The Expanding CitiesAim: How did American city life change in the late 1800s?Do Now: What was life like in the city?HW: Skyscrapers1871- __________________________________________________________________New technology allowed for the building of tall towers.1st high rise – Chicago in 1885 – 10 stories tall.Mass transitNew York built an elevated train called the El to eliminate traffic congestion._______________________________________________________________________Trolley, or streetcar – ran on electric carried by wires above the tracks. 1st one set up in Richmond Virginia.1897 – Boston 1st Am city to build a subway.1904 – NY opened its subway.Department Stores________________________________________________________________________ 1902 – Macy’s opened in Herald Square – a 9 story building. This was a new form of entertainment – shopping for hours.Leisure time Aim: How was leisure time affected by the development of cities?Do Now: Describe city life.City life________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Traffic jams were common. First electric streetcar system was a solution.________________________________________________________________________Department stores allowed for shopping in one store.Daily Newspapers________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Many immigrants learned to read English by reading the paper.Joseph Pulitzer – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________William Randolph Hearst – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Women JournalistsNewspapers included sections on fashion, social events, health and homemaking to attract women readers.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________EntertainmentVaudeville – a variety show that included comedians, song and dance routines and acrobats.Popular music – ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sports and Leisure________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Baseball was the most popular sport. The first game was played in NY in the 1840s.Football grew out of soccer which Americans had been playing since colonial times.Basketball – James Naismith invented it in 1891.Public Education________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________School lasted from 8- 4 p.m.190500What does this magazine article say about baseball?What are the benefits of baseball, according to the author?In your opinion, does baseball have these benefits? Why or why not?Review for Test on Immigration Where did immigrants come from during the first half of 19th century? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why did many leave Ireland? ________________________________________________________What were the reasons for many immigrants to come to the US? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why did farmers leave Europe? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why did many immigrants flock to America in the late 1800s? ______________________________________________________________________________Where did the “New Immigrants” come from? ______________________________________________________________________________What is the melting pot theory? ______________________________________________________________________________ Where did the “recent immigrants” come from? ________________________________________Where did immigrants settle when they arrived in the 1900s? _____________________________How were immigrants treated when they arrived during the 19th century? ______________________________________________________________________________Why did nativists object to immigration? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What political party blamed immigrants for taking jobs? ______________________________________________________________________________Where did immigrants enter when they arrived in the US? ______________________________________________________________________________What group of Americans opposed immigration? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What problems did the new immigrants face? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why did Americans want to restrict immigration? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Why did immigrants settle in ghettos with people that were similar to them? ______________________________________________________________________________Identify the Chinese Exclusion Act and the Gentlemen’s Agreement: Chinese Exclusion ______________________________________________________________________________ Gentlemen’s Agreement – ______________________________________________________________________________Why did the city and population increase during late 19th century? ______________________________________________________________________________What is a pluralistic society? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Who lived in the tenements? ______________________________________________________________________________Why were skyscrapers built during the beginning of the 20th century_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Identify: Nellie Bly and Scott Joplin – Bly: ______________________________________________________________________________ Joplin: _____________________________________________________________________________Define yellow journalism: ______________________________________________________________________________Who was Horatio Alger? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What role did newspapers play in the late 1800s? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Identify importance of mail order catalogs and department stores. Catalogs enabled those that lived in rural areas to get products. Department stores – offered many products in one location. ................
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