FRAMEWORK TEMPLATE: EXAMPLES OF DEMAND FOR …



Table i Preliminary Draft Framework for Demand for Good Governance

The table below aims to provide an overview of the range of examples operating at the local, sectoral, and national levels in the field of demand for good governance across the World Bank Group. The set of examples highlighted below do not capture the breadth and depth of DFGG elements underway in the WBG. Nor are the cases chosen to be fully representative of a given country, region, or sector.

Activities Supporting DFGG Functional Elements at Different Levels of World Bank Involvement

| |Level of Involvement |

|Functional Elements | |

| |Community and Local Government |Sector |National |

|Information |Opportunities for stakeholders to access disclose & disseminate transparent information and ensure & strengthen public commitments are met |

|and | |

|Transparency | |

| |Bangladesh Local Governance Support Project |Azerbaijan Extractive Industries |Bangladesh DSC III |

| | |Transparency Initiative | |

| |Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project |Bulgaria Social Investment and Employment |Bangladesh Public Procurement Reform Project |

| | |Promotion Project | |

| |Bosnia Community Development Project |Gabon Extractive Industries Transparency |Georgia PRSC |

| | |Initiative | |

| |Ethiopia Economic Rehabilitation Credit |Haiti Economic Governance Reform Operation I|Indonesia Government Financial Management and |

| | |& II |Revenue Administration Project |

| |Indonesia Corruption and KDP |India Maharashtra Rural Water Supply and |Indonesia Public Financial Management and |

| | |Sanitation “Jalswarajya” Project |Accountability project |

| |Indonesia Kecamatan Development |India Orissa State Roads Project |Madagascar Governance and Institutional Development |

| |Project (1,2,3 and 3B) | |Project |

| |Indonesia Social Capital and Local Governance|India Punjab State Roads Sector Project |Peru PDCSAL I |

| |(ESW) | | |

| |Rwanda Decentralization and Community |Kazakhstan Extractive Industries |Peru PSRL II-III |

| |Development Project |Transparency Initiative | |

| |Tanzania Local Government Support Project |Romania Mine Closure, Environmental and |Sierra Leone ERRC II |

| | |Socio-Economic Regeneration Project | |

| | | |Tanzania Social Action Fund I and II |

| | | |Timor-Leste Transitional Support Program II |

|Consultation and |Encourage multi-stakeholder opportunities to input in policies, public spending, and project planning |

|Participation | |

| |Albania Community Works 2 Project |Dominican Republic Programmatic Power Sector |Armenia SAC IV |

| | |Reform Loan | |

| |China Poor Rural Communities Development |Laos Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project |Africa Regional Justice Strategy |

| |Project | | |

| |Costa Rica Port-City of Limon Integrated |Kenya Investment Climate Reform |Brazil Porte Alegre Participatory Budgeting |

| |Infrastructure Project  | | |

| |Egypt Alexandria City Development Strategy |Mumbai Urban Transportation Project |Cambodia Demand for Good Governance Project |

| |Indonesia Support for Poor and Disadvantaged |Papa New Guinea Institutional Strengthening |Lao PDR PRSC I |

| |Areas Project  | | |

| |Morocco National Initiative for Human |Peru RECURSO (ESW) |Malawi Third Social Action Fund |

| |Development Support Project (INDH) | | |

| |Romania Rural Development Project |Peru Rural Roads Rehabilitation and |Mexico DPL II |

| | |Maintenance Project | |

| |Rwanda Decentralization and Community |Russia Sustainable Forestry Pilot Project |Mongolia Enabling Environment for Social |

| |Development Project | |Accountability Assessment |

| |Sri Lanka The Gemi Diriya Program |Rwanda Institutional Reform Credit |Philippines Procurement Reform |

| |West Bank and Gaza Integrated Community |Tanzania Business Environment Strengthening |Tanzania PRSC III |

| |Development Project |Program | |

| |West Bank Palestinian NGO Project III | |Vietnam PRSC (I to IV) |

|Monitoring and |Multi-Stakeholder Participation in the Monitoring, Oversight and Implementation of Policies, Programs, Projects, and Services |

|Oversight | |

| |Bolivia PSAC |Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project|Ecuador PHDRL II |

| |Bolivia Public Expenditure Monitoring |Bolivia Hydrocarbon Sector Reform and |Honduras PRSC |

| | |Capitalization Technical Assistance Project | |

| |Bosnia and Herzegovina Reconstruction |Ethiopia Economic Rehabilitation Credit |Macedonia Legal & Judicial Implementation & |

| |Assistance to Republika Srpska Project  | |Institutional Support Project |

| |India Development Policy Investment Programs |Paraguay Road Maintenance Project |Pakistan Financial Reporting and Auditing I and|

| | | |II |

| |India Rajasthan Mid-Day Meal Scheme |Turkey Programmatic Public Sector Development |Tanzania Accountability, Transparency + |

| | |Policy Loan I |Integrity (ATIP) |

| |Mongolia Sustainable Livelihoods Project |Yemen Water & Sanitation Project |Uganda Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) |

| | | |I- IV |

| |Ukraine  People's Voice Project | | |

Table ii: Project Details

This table is laid out to briefly illustrate how the different functional elements – information and transparency, consultation and participation, and monitoring and oversight - in the project and/or activities within projects highlighted in Table i support demand for good governance at various levels of interactions – community and local, sector, and national. More detailed information can be found on the World Bank’s operations portal.

I. Functional Element: Information and Transparency Activities

A. At Community & Local Government Level

Bangladesh Local Governance Support Project

The Local Governance Support Project supported by the World Bank, UNDP/UNCDP and EU is a phased but systemic approach to supporting government’s own efforts to strengthen local governance, by expanding the autonomy and capacity of local governments while strengthening mechanisms to hold local governments accountable.   The system of governance in Bangladesh is continuing to evolve. To date, the missing link in this evolution has been the voice of elected LGs and communities. This project will strengthen these voices in the debates on local governance that is expected to grow in the coming years. It will also strengthen a tier of government that can act as a coordinating point for the delivery of local services.

Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project

The project objective is to enhance social and economic empowerment of the rural poor in Bihar. The project has four components: 1) Community Institution Development will build and strengthen primary and federated social and economic community institutions; 2) Community Investment Fund involves transfer of financial and technical resources to the Community Based Organizations on a demand driven basis for use as a catalyst to improve their livelihoods; 3) Technical Assistance Fund will improve quantity and quality of service provision by public, cooperative, community and private service providers. The fund will also promote use of Public-Private Partnerships in improving the supply of key support services for the community organizations and federations in the areas of institution building, finance and livelihoods enhancement; Project Management will facilitate overall co-ordination, implementation, and financial management, monitoring and learning of the project at state and district levels.

Bosnia Community Development Project

The project (i) supports sub-projects that directly serve the basic needs of the poor; (ii) uses instruments such as CDD or third party delivery instruments that do not rely on central government administration; (iii) promotes greater transparency and strengthens institutions outside central government to build demand for better governance; (iv) scaled-up engagement with stakeholders outside central government, including via more Bank support for public participation in policymaking & oversight and participatory local governance.

Ethiopia Economic Rehabilitation Credit

The ERSC provided essential financing to enable the recovery of the post-conflict Ethiopian economy. It also supported the implementation of key actions of a reform program formulated in the Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (I-PRSP). Specific objectives: (i) improving governance through cross-cutting public sector reforms; (ii) strengthening public expenditure policy and management; (iii) fostering private sector development and increasing export competitiveness.

Indonesia Corruption and Kecamatan Development Project 

This TF will support a quantitative analytical study of various interventions examining how increases in participation and transparency/information dissemination in villages impact on incidences of corruption. This study hypothesizes that increases in participation and information will reduce corruption. Though anecdotal evidence is plentiful, statistically reliable evidence is needed to be convincing. This study will begin to provide such.

Indonesia Kecamatan Development Project (1,2,3 and 3B)

The Project is part of a long-term village level governance program and includes the objective of institutionalizing participatory processes in local government.

Indonesia Social Capital and Local Governance (ESW)

The ESW is an analysis of crisis impacts at local level, role of institutions in coping, and changes in institutional landscape, including impact of political development at local level interactions between community and government institutions. It aims to promote local level transparency, and share knowledge and information of analytical work on civil society and local governance engagement

Rwanda Decentralization and Community Development Project

The Decentralization and Community Development Project (DCDP) will consolidate a framework in four entire Provinces and two Districts in a fifth Province, to boost the emergence of a dynamic local economy, through communities who are empowered to lead their own development process under an effective local government. This is a key plank in the national poverty reduction strategy and is underpinned by the Government’s decentralization policy. The project therefore contributes to Rwanda’s long term goal for decentralization and a realigned mandate for central government, through the empowerment and improved accountability of local governments and communities.

Tanzania Local Government Support Project

The development objectives of the Local Government Support Project (LGSP) are: to strengthen fiscal decentralization, improve accountability in the use of local government resources, and, improve management of intergovernmental transfers systems; and, to increase access to infrastructure and services in unplanned areas of Dar es Salaam, and improve revenue performance for sustainable operations and maintenance.

B. At Sector Level

Azerbaijan Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

No project detail available as of yet. Project aims to enhance transparency of the extractive industry sector.

Bulgaria Social Investment and Employment Promotion

The project directly serves the basic needs of the poor. It uses instruments such as third party delivery that do not rely on central government administration. It promotes greater transparency and strengthens institutions outside central government to build demand for better governance.

Gabon Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

No project detail available as of yet. Project aims to enhance transparency of the extractive industry sector.

Haiti – Economic Governance Reform Operation I & II

A component of this operation contains civil society monitoring of economic governance reforms in the areas of budget transparency, anticorruption strategy, public procurement reform, reform of public enterprises, and public-private partnerships in health and education.

India Maharashtra Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

The development objectives of this investment loan project are to: (i) increase rural households' access to improved and sustainable drinking water supply and sanitation services; and (ii) institutionalize decentralization of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS) service delivery to rural local governments and communities. It wills use community score cards and report cards to monitor the sector and its utilities.

India Orissa State Roads Project

The project aims to support the implementation of India-wide RTI Legislation enhancing governance, transparency and anti-corruption.

Kazakhstan Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

No project detail available as of yet. Project aims to enhance transparency of the extractive industry sector.

Romania Mine Closure, Environmental and Socio-Economic Regeneration Project

The Romania Mine Closure, Environmental and Scio-Economic Regeneration Project aims to strengthen the Government's ability to undertake mining sector reform by (1) building the capacity of the Ministry of Economy and Commerce for closing uneconomic mining enterprises through support for closing complex mines and ancillary enterprises in an environmentally sustainable manner; and (2) providing support to the National Agency for Development and Implementation Reconstruction Programs for the Mining Regions, local communities, and other agencies for community-based planning and socio-economic regeneration of the mining regions. The project consists of two components: Component A, Mine Closure and Environment Improvements, and Component B, Socio-Economic Regeneration of Mining Communities.

C. AT National Level

Bangladesh DSC III

This operation supported the implementation of ‘access to information laws’ and participatory consultations in preparation for the police reform. Established multi-stakeholder committee to review NGO regulatory framework

Bangladesh Public Procurement Reform Project (Public disclosure at project level)

The Project aimed to help lay the legal framework for public procurement in Bangladesh; and establish the basic infrastructure for an IT based information system that would link line agencies to the Government's Central Procurement Technical Unit (CPTU), situated within the Planning Department.

Georgia PRSC

Use of citizen report cards to strengthen the voice of users in service delivery in education, health and social protection services and supported the implementation of ‘access to information laws.’

Indonesia Government Financial Management and Revenue Administration Project

The Project aims to strengthen the effectiveness, transparency and accountability of national government spending and support and strengthen entities functioning as strategic "checks and balances" in the broader governance and accountability framework. ; and, 4) the Project Governance and Implementation component will support ownership, sustainability, and coordination activities. A PHRD co-financing grant, under the Project also financed a component to strengthen parliamentary capacity for budget oversight.

Indonesia Enhancing Demand for Legal and Judicial Reform

This technical assistance program will develop an integrated model of demand-driven legal and judicial reform. It will support analytical and policy work on justice reform; develop pilots to support legal empowerment and trial approaches to be scaled up through national poverty programs; support the consolidation of reformers ' group in the legal and business communities and also develop a longer-term three year proposal which will combine Justice for the Poor and the reformers groups in a strategic partnership with the UNDP and the University of Leiden to enhance demand for legal and judicial reform. Target groups include the government, business community, legal professionals, and disadvantaged community members.

Madagascar Governance and Institutional Development Project

The Project assists in improving accountability and transparency of Government operations; establishment of an independent internal audit function in the Ministry of Finance and Budget; strengthening of other control functions; transformation of the Office of the Auditor General; and strengthening the public procurement system to international standards.

Peru PDCSAL I

Project supported congress approval of Transparency and Access to Public Information Law and its regulation

Peru PSRL III

Project supported congress approval of Transparency and Access to Public Information Law and its regulation.

Sierra Leone ERRC II

The project supported the publication of the results of participatory public expenditure tracking surveys in order to create citizen awareness around the quality and effectiveness of service delivery.

Tanzania Social Action Fund (I & II)

The Project aims to empower communities to access opportunities so that they can request, implement, and monitor sub-projects that contribute to improved livelihoods.

Timor-Leste Transitional Support Program II

The program supported the production and publication of a citizen’s guide to the budget.

II. Functional Element: Consultation & Participation Activities

A. At Community & Local Government Level

Albania Community Works 2 Project

The project supported promotion of institutional development at the local level and improving access to quality social and economic infrastructure and social services through sustainable micro-projects

China Poor Rural Communities Development Project

The project improved livelihoods security and achieve sustained participation of the poorest rural people in project design, implementation, and M&E in eighteen counties of the three project provinces.

Costa Rica Port-City of Limon Integrated Infrastructure Project 

Project supports Local Governance and City-Port Strategic Planning foster a more efficient, accountable and credible local government; technical and methodological support to the preparation o f a strategic participatory long-term development and investment strategy for the City-Port o f Limon.

Egypt Alexandria City Development Strategy

City Development Strategy for Alexandria, Egypt, which was animated by the notion that sustainable development requires an effort to reach out and engage all segments of society so that they may all become stakeholders. The City of Alexandria received a grant from the Cities Alliance Program to formulate a long-term City Development Strategy (CDS) through a broad-based participatory process, with assistance from the Cities Alliance and World Bank. Among the top priorities identified by the Governorate stakeholders was the need to develop a long-term Local Economic Development (LED) strategy that would capitalize on the city’s competitive advantages and promote an enabling local business environment to attract investments and contribute to job creation and economic growth.

Indonesia Support for Poor and Disadvantaged Areas Project 

To empower very poor and vulnerable people in KALAHI municipalities to overcome identified constraints to their genuine representation and active participation in its activities. Institutional strengthening by building capacity of local communities and local government to initiate, plan, implement, manage and supervise Barangay sub-projects

Morocco National Initiative for Human Development Support Project (INDH)

The project aims to mainstream INDH governance mechanisms and strengthening of institutional capacity. The project assists the Government in improving inclusiveness, accountability and transparency of decision making and implementation processes at the local level in order to enhance use of social and economic infrastructure and services by poor and vulnerable groups. A recent development in the project has been the creation of an Observatoir to use participatory M&E approaches in the monitoring and implementation of the project components.

Romania Rural Development Project

The project supported CDD strengthening local governance in participatory project planning and identification by multi-stakeholder committee; ESW - Provide information to the government on the determinants of the quality of local governance, on the baseline pre-reform state of local government in rural Russia, and on the perceptions of the effects of the decentralization reform by the citizens of rural Russia

Rwanda Decentralization and Community Development Project

The Decentralization and Community Development Project for Rwanda contributes to Rwanda's long-term goal for decentralization and a realigned mandate for central government, through the empowerment and improved accountability of local governments and communities

The Gemi Diriya Program, Sril Lanka: Piloting the Community Assessment Process

The project aims to enable the communities of two provinces to build accountable and self-governing local institutions and to manage sustainable investments

West Bank and Gaza Integrated Community Development Project (CDP)

The CDP is a project aimed at improving the quality and availability of basic social and economic services in poor and marginalized communities through financing investments in local infrastructure and institutions. The Project (i) provides assistance aimed at improving the livelihood's of the refugee populations in camps; (ii) targets rural employment and productivity in the agricultural sector through rehabilitating small irrigation schemes and terracing, wells; and by (iii) pilots new initiatives to promote access to information and communication technologies and services. 

West Bank Palestinian NGO Project III

NGOs in Palestine have a long history of successful service provision, and this is a third in a series of Bank projects maximizing that comparative advantage. The specific objective of PNGOIII is to provide social services to those who are poor, vulnerable or affected by the deteriorating socioeconomic conditions through an effective mechanism to improve the quality and sustainability of NGO social service delivery. The project has therefore been designed both to strengthen the institutional development of the NGO sector and promote equitable access to social services for the poor and marginalized.

B. At Sector Level

Dominican Republic Programmatic Power Sector Reform Loan

The Program would support the Government's strategy for the recovery of the power sector, and in particular to: (a) improve the quality of service, especially by reducing the widespread blackouts of recent years; (b) establish conditions that would permit the financial sustainability of all efficiently-operated companies in the sector, and (c) increase the percentage of the population with access to electricity. The first policy based loan would support the initial phase of the financial recovery, controlling costs and dealing with arrears.

Laos Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project

It is a private sector Private sector export oriented project. The objective of the project is to generate revenues, through environmentally and socially sustainable development of NT2’s hydropower potential, which will be used to finance priority poverty reduction and environmental management programs. The project incorporated community participation in planning and implementation of mitigation and compensation programs and is a highly people-centered infrastructure project.

Kenya Investment Climate Reform

The government has embarked on a far reaching Anti-Corruption strategy, a key plank of which is the establishment of a high-level committee for reducing business licensing burdens in the country.

Mumbai Urban Transportation Project

This is the biggest urban resettlement project of the Bank. This serves as example of NGOs and government partnership where government allocated NGOs to deliver services to the communities.

Papa New Guinea Institutional Strengthening - Self Reliance Programs for Women in Remote Mining Communities - Mining Sector

The development objective of the proposed project would be to increase, in a sustainable manner, the level of involvement of targeted communities in their local development through measures aimed at increasing oil palm revenue and local participation. Methodology and Activities: Increasing participation by developing and demonstrating sustainable mechanisms for local governance and community participation for possible replication in other parts of the country after project completion. It promoted participatory planning and budgeting and local accountability through the provision of development grants. The program created an enabling environment by building capacities of communities by including provision of capacity-development of CBOs ward development committees and local level institutions at province level.

Peru RECURSO – the Spanish acronym for Accountability for Social Reform (REndicion de CUentas para la Reforma SOcial)

The main objective of RECURSO PERU (REndicion de CUentas para la Reforma SOcial) was to foster a debate about the need for greater accountability in the social sectors during the run-up to the presidential elections and to provide the incoming government with a diagnostic of the main problems that need to be overcome to improve education, health care and anti-poverty programs, and make relevant recommendations. These objectives were achieved successfully. The RECURSO study had an impact on politics and policy, on Bank program, and energizing the civil society. There was a consistent plan of engagement with stakeholders in Peru during the preparation phase. These included meetings with government officials, civil society organizations, sub-national authorities and donor organizations. Recommendations were made that impacted CAS, NGOs, and communities.

Peru Rural Rods Rehabilitation and Maintenance

The project included consultation with CSOs in the design, planning stages; building partnerships with CSOs beyond subcontracting to empower CSOs to impact project design and government's performance.

Russia Sustainable Forestry Pilot Project

The Sustainable Forestry Pilot Project aims to improve public sector management of Russia's forests, improve the enabling environment for private sector investment, and replicate these policy reforms and the improved forest management system to other regions. The Project supports policy reforms, improved forest land-use planning and information management, improved forest protection, and improved regeneration. Among other things, the project aims at increasing stakeholder participation in forest management.

Rwanda Institutional Reform Credit

The program established a framework for community participation in primary and secondary education and for coordination of private, public and NGO health providers

Tanzania Business Environment Strengthening Program

The program included stakeholder consultations on Commercial Dispute Resolution component of the Tanzania Business Environment Strengthening Program.

C. AT National Level

Armenia SAC IV

The project supported participatory consultations for reform of the Ministry of Reform

Africa Regional Justice Strategy

This Justice Strategy seeks to prepare a responsive approach to reforms in the formal and informal justice systems. The Strategy’s main objective will be to provide our development partners and the Bank with tools for more effective assistance in legal and judicial reform. More specifically, the project seeks to enhance knowledge about how to manage the political economy of judicial reform, including anticorruption efforts. It also aims to define entry points based on consensus for task teams to support countries in, inter alia, the implementation of anticorruption legislation and institutional strengthening.

Brazil Porte Alegre Participatory Budgeting

The analysis helped improve the participatory budgeting process at the national level.

Cambodia Demand for Good Governance Project

It is one of the most innovative projects to date on demand for good governance. The project aims to build the capacities of institutions, and to support programs and coalitions which promote, mediate or address demand for good governance in the context of government's reforms through public policy making and planning, public goods and services, public oversight and monitoring, expenditures and budgets. It will support both state and non-state actors within its project components. It aims to increase participation, representation, transparency, accountability and institutional capacity by building capacities of institutions, and to support programs and coalitions which promote, mediate or address demand for good governance in the context of government's reforms.

Lao PDR PRSC I

Encouraged and supported regular semi-annual consultation mechanism between the government and the private sector.

Malawi Third Social Action Fund

The project aimed to finance activities to increase transparency and accountability for service delivery at community and national levels

Mexico DPL II

The DPL aimed to improve the competitiveness of Mexico's economy through the following channels: 1) Promote technological innovation; 2) Improve training and education levels of the workforce; 3) Reduce the cost of doing business; 4) Facilitate new business entry; 5) Strengthen economic competition; 6) Streamline trade procedures and lower trade costs; 7) Facilitate customs clearance; 8) Improve the quality of port services; 9) Implement transparency measures and regulatory instruments for the energy sector. A specific activity in the slum upgrading program was strengthened by incorporating participatory planning in its processes.

Mongolia Enabling Environment for Social Accountability Assessment

Drawing on a multi-stakeholder participatory process, “The Enabling Environment for Social Accountability in Mongolia” is a QAG 1 rated report that aims to assist the Mongolian government in addressing the issues of governance and accountability through actionable recommendations. This ESW is highly relevant to the Mongolia CAS and offers a variety of actionable proposals ranging from promoting citizen voice and media freedom, to creating and/or improving mechanisms for citizen engagement in public institutions.

Philippines Procurement Reform

The project drew other civil society groups into advocacy efforts and coordinated the activities of the project.

Tanzania PRSC III

It encouraged broad consultation on the Repeal and Enactment of the Anti-Corruption Law

Vietnam – PRSC (I to IV)

This operation supported participatory consultations for the national strategy for environmental protection.

III. Functional Element: Monitoring & Oversight Activities

A. At Community & Local Government Level

Bolivia PSAC

The Bolivia PSAC supported the inclusion of civil society representatives on the Board of the Unified Directorate of Funds (DUF), the government’s main credit agency responsible for the allocation of transfers to municipalities; and the creation of Project Approval Committees to ensure citizen oversight of the National Compensation Policy. It also supported the approval of the Law on National Dialogue, which reinforced the role of vigilance committees, local social control mechanisms composed of civil society representatives with the mandate to monitor municipal administrative management and expenditures and the establishment of Bolivia’s National Dialogue mechanism as a permanent space of multi-sectoral collaboration (including civil society) for the formulation and monitoring of policies aimed at reducing poverty.

Bolivia Public Expenditure Monitoring

The project promoted public expenditure monitoring mechanisms at the local level.

Bosnia and Herzegovina Reconstruction Assistance to Republika Srpska Project 

The project supported Social Audits, Citizens’ Feedback On Local Governance And Service Delivery

India DPIPs

The project supported citizen and community oversight of investment operations.

India Rajasthan Mid-Day Meal Scheme

The project aims to be facilitating CSO oversight to improve outcomes of government programs

Mongolia Sustainable Livelihoods Project

The project includes a wide menu of activities that would enhance livelihood security and sustainability by scaling up institutional mechanisms piloted under Phase 1 (ongoing).  The Demand for Good Governance is most clearly seen under the CDD component, called the Local Initiatives Fund under Phase 1. Under this currently ongoing Phase 1, community participation was coordinated through specialized councils that included both government and civil society.  In the second Phase, the local elected body called the Citizen’s Representative Khurals will perform the role of the councils. Using these established, permanent bodies is intended to demonstrate that the participatory approaches supported through the CIF can be introduced into existing government institutional structures and enhance the likelihood of sustainability.

Ukraine People’s Voice Project

The project strengthened accountability, improve dialogue, build capacity and clarify the roles and responsibilities of local government officials and citizens. The task, simultaneously implemented in six cities of Ukraine (Lutsk, Komsomolsk, Alchevsk, Makiyivka, Kolomyia and Chernihiv), focuses on municipal governance and civil society development on a very demand-driven basis, and it seeks to improve service delivery by (a) training municipal officials to help them engage citizens and identify solutions to real problems, and (b) strengthening the demand for municipal-level governance reforms through capacity building for civil society organizations. The TA also seeks to strengthen accountability, improve dialogue and clarify the roles and responsibilities of local government officials and citizens.

B. At Sector Level

Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project

A component supports the use of Community Score Cards (CSC) in the context of health services in Andhra Pradesh is the main focus of this pilot project. This is also being tied up with the APDPRP where Mandal Samakyas (Mandal level federation of village organizations) are engaged directly with service providers and also offering support to improve service delivery to their members.

Bolivia Hydrocarbon Sector Reform and Capitalization Technical Assistance Project

The project supported involvement of communities in regulation and mitigation of the impact of the project

Paraguay Road Maintenance Project

The ultimate goal of this initiative is to facilitate results-based monitoring and evaluation of social inclusion and accountability focused-activities of the Paraguay Road Maintenance Project. Some activities of the grant would focus on the capabilities and organizational structure of Paraguay's Ministry of Public’s Works to manage social inclusion and accountability concepts and monitoring and evaluation systems into the Paraguay Roads Maintenance Project with specific selected indicators and evaluation of results, available to the general public; therefore strengthening the supply side in these issues. At the same time, the grant would support the demand side of these social concepts with specific activities in order to create awareness and a constructive participation of key non state actors in the Paraguay Roads Maintenance Project.

Turkey Social Risk Mitigation Project

The project used third party delivery instruments that do not rely on central government administration. It has done an outstanding job in reaching 2.6 million beneficiaries with conditional cash transfer for health and education and 8,500 communities with local initiative sub-projects without political bias, with excellent FMS, and no procurement complaints.

Yemen Water & Sanitation Project

The project supported user groups’ management of utility services in the water sector.

C. AT National Level

Ecuador PHDRL II

The loan supported the application of citizen report cards to three health, education and cash-transfer programs and the implementation of a citizen’s rights campaign by the Ombudsman Office.

Honduras PRSC

A component of the broader project objective supports Supreme Audit Institutions, asset declarations, and includes a transparency and social accountability conditionality

Macedonia Legal & Judicial Implementation & Institutional Support Project

The project aims to improve judicial efficiency and effectiveness by enhancing ministerial and judicial capacity, strengthening the capacity of key institutions in the justice system, and improving the quality of judicial management and the judiciary.

Pakistan Financial Reporting and Auditing I and II

The project provides support to government and independent audit institutions.

Tanzania Accountability, Transparency + Integrity (ATIP)

This program supports the ATIP support the Legal Sector Reform Program (LSRP) - improves knowledge and skills of legal professionals; strengthening of services delivery capacity in key legal and judicial institutions; and strengthening the capacity of the legal and justice sector agencies for coordination, monitoring, evaluation, and communication.

Uganda Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) I- IV

The program creates opportunities for citizen and civil society input into development planning, implementation and monitoring. In many ways, the Uganda PRSC is a landmark example in setting the tools for citizen engagement and local government access to national budget. The project helped make public, information on resource transfers to sub-national governments and at delivery points such as schools and health clinics. It also supported the production and publication of a citizen’s guide to budget.

Table iii: Broad Categories of Entry-Points

This table provides a quick overview of the tools and approaches highlighted in examples in Table I that are categorized as broad entry-points for demand for good governance functional efforts

| |Broad Categories of Entry-Points |Examples |

|Functional Elements | | |

|Information |Opportunities for stakeholders to access disclose & disseminate transparent information and ensure & strengthen public commitments are |

|and |met |

|Transparency | |

| |Social Contracts |Paraguay Roads |

| |Community outreach and ad hoc user meetings |India Maharashtra Rural Water Supply and Sanitation |

| |Publication of performance data |Sierra Leone ERRC II |

| |Improved public access to information |Indonesia Corruption and KDP |

| |Training and awareness workshops |Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project |

| |Public education to improve budget literacy |Brazil Porte Alegre Participatory Budgeting |

| |Implementation of laws |Bangladesh DSC III; Peru PDCSAL I |

| |On demand information provision |India Orissa State Roads Project |

| |Community health cards |Georgia PRSC |

| |Transparency Initiatives |Kazakhstan Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative; |

| | |Construction and Transport Sector Initiative (CoST) |

| |Disclosure boards |Bangladesh Public Procurement Reform Project |

| |Independent internal audits |Madagascar Governance and Institutional Development Project |

| |Judicial Reforms |Indonesia Enhancing Demand for Legal and Judicial Reform |

|Consultation |Encourage multi-stakeholder opportunities to input in policies, public spending, and project planning |

|and | |

|Participation | |

| |Multi stakeholder Committees |Bangladesh DSC III |

| |Public expenditure tracking surveys |Ethiopia Economic Rehabilitation Credit |

| |Performance-based budgeting |Uganda Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) I- IV |

| |Facilitating PRSP consultative process | |

| |Community Driven Development |Bosnia Community Development Project; West Bank Palestinian NGO |

| | |Project III |

| |Participatory public expenditure reviews |Philippines Procurement Reform |

| |Structured consultation processes |Papa New Guinea Institutional Strengthening |

| |Semi-Annual Consultations |Lao PDR PRSC I |

| |Public-Private Partnerships |India Orissa State Roads Project |

| |Public sector reforms |Dominican Republic Programmatic Power Sector Reform Loan |

| |Judicial independence, reform and accountability |Macedonia Legal & Judicial Implementation & Institutional Support |

| | |Project |

| |Participation in advisory board |Bosnia Community Development Project |

| |City Development Strategies |Costa Rica Port-City of Limon Integrated Infrastructure Project; |

| | |Egypt Alexandria City Development Strategy |

| |Participatory AAA |Peru RECURSO |

| |Social investment |Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project |

| |Citizen Councils |Mongolia Sustainable Livelihoods Project |

| |Consultation workshops |Africa Regional Justice Strategy |

| |Multi-Stakeholder Participation in the Monitoring, Oversight and Implementation of Policies, Programs, Projects, and Services |

|Monitoring | |

|and | |

|Oversight | |

| |Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation |Uganda Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) I- IV |

| |User groups complaints mechanisms |Yemen Water & Sanitation Project |

| |Doing Business Indicators |Ethiopia Economic Rehabilitation Credit |

| |Health Management Committees |Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project |

| |Citizen report cards |Ecuador PHDRL II |

| |Multi-stakeholder Service Provision |Bihar Rural Livelihoods Project |

| |Social audits |Bosnia and Herzegovina Reconstruction Assistance to Republika Srpska|

| |Supreme Audit Institutions |Honduras PRSC |

| |Community Report cards |Georgia PRSC |

| |Parliamentary Strengthening |Tanzania Accountability, Transparency + Integrity (ATIP) |

| |Participatory Budgeting |Brazil Porte Alegre Participatory Budgeting |

| |Public Accounts Committee |Pakistan Financial Reporting and Auditing I and II |

| |Civil Society oversight committees |Haiti – Economic Governance Reform Operation I & II |

| |Participatory Rural Appraisal (SU) |Mexico DPL II |

| |Community Score Cards |Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project |

| |Third party service delivery |Mumbai Urban Transportation Project |

Table iv: World Bank Staff Interviewed & Contacted

(In the stocktaking Process)

|Adriana Eftimie, Consultant, Oil, Gas and Mining Policy Division |

|Ahmed Eiwieda, Senior Urban Management Specialist, MENA |

|Alexandra Ortiz, Senior Urban Economist, MNSSD |

|Ana Bellver, Public Sector Management Specialist, LCSPS |

|Andre Herzog, Social Development Specialist, SDV |

|Andreas Dietrich Kopp, Lead Transport Economist/Acting Sector Manager, ETWWA |

|Angela Khaminwa, Young Professional, EASSO |

|Antonio Joselito G. Lambino, Consultant, External Affairs Communications Network |

|Anupama Dokeniya, Consultant, PRMPS |

|Anwar Ravat, Program Manager, COCPO |

|Anwar Shah, Lead Public Sector Management Specialist, WBIPR |

|Barbara Nunberg, Sector Manager, EASPR |

|Barjor Mehta, Senior Urban Specialist, AFTU1 |

|Bart Stevens, Senior Communications Officer, INT |

|Bhuvan Bhatnagar, Senior Social Scientist, EASSO |

|Brian Levy, Adviser, PRMPS |

|Carmen Carpio, Knowledge Management Officer, LCSDE |

|Caroline Mary Sage, Counsel, LEGOP, |

|Charles Adwan, Consultant, MNSED |

|Charles Kenny, Senior Economist, Finance Economics & Urban Department |

|Christine Wallich, Director, MIGIE |

|Claire Lammens, Consultant, LCSSO |

|Clive Armstrong, Lead Economist, COCSC |

|Colum Garrity, Public Sector Specialist, PRMPS |

|Dan Ritchie, Consultant, EXTOR |

|Daniel Cotlear, Sector Leader, LCSHD |

|David Steel, Manager, Operations, MNADE |

|Deepali Tewari, Senior Municipal Development Specialist, AFPT |

|Esther etrilli-Massey, Program Assistant, COCPO |

|Flavia Carbonari, Consutant, LCSSO |

|Frederick C. Stapenhurst, Senior Public Sector Management Specialist, WBIPR |

|Georg Caspary, Operations Officer, COCPO |

|Ivor Beazley, Senior Financial Management Specialist, OPCFM |

|Jamal Saghi, Director, ETWWA |

|Janelle Plummer, Governance Advisor, Field, Ethiopia |

|Janmejay Singh, Local Development Specialist, EASSO |

|Javier Aguilar, Program Manager, IFC, CLALA |

|Jeff Thindwa, Senior Social Scientist, EXTIA |

|John Clark, Lead Social Scientist, EASSO |

|John Garrison, Senior Communications Officer, EXTIF |

|Jose Edgardo L. Campos, Lead Public Sector Specialist, SASPR |

|Judy Baker, Senior Economist, FEU |

|Kai Kaiser, Senior Economist, PRMP |

|Karen Sirker, Social Development Spec., WBISD |

|Kazuko Ogawa, Senior Operations Officer, ECSPS |

|Keith Mackay, Senior Evaluation Officer. , IEGKE |

|Keith McLean, Senior Social Development Economist, ECCSD |

|Kulsum Ahmed, Lead Environment Specialist, SDN |

|Laila-Al-Hamad, Social Development Specialist, MNSSD |

|Lisa Bhansali, Senior Public Sector Specialist., AFTP |

|Lucio Monari, Sector Manager Energy |

|Luis Constantino, Sector Manager, MNSSD |

|Marc Juhel, Sector Manager, Transport |

|Maria Amelina, Senior Social Development Specialist , ECSSD |

|Maria Poli, Consultant, LCSUW |

|Mariana Felicio, Consultant, EXTCD |

|Mary McNeil, Senior Operations Officer, WBI |

|Maureen Lewis, Lead Economist, HDNVP |

|Mazen Bouri, Private Sector Development Specialist, AFPTU |

|Meike Van Ginneken, Senior Specialist, Water & Sanitation |

|Milena Petrova Stefanova, Consultant, LEGJR |

|Milena Sanchez, Consultant, LCSPS |

|Naazneen Barma, Young Professional, EASPR |

|Nadir Mohammed, Director, Strategy and Operations, MNACS |

|Naseer Rana, Adviser, SARSQ |

|Nicholas Menzies, Consultant, LEGJR |

|Oleg Petrov, Senior CITPO, IFC |

|Omowunmi Ladipo, Lead, LCSOS |

|Pamela Dale, Consultant, LEGJR |

|Parmesh Shah, Lead Rural Development Specialist, SAR |

|Paul Mitchell, Manger, External Affairs, Development Communication |

|Paulo De Sa, Sector Manager, COCPO |

|Penelope Joyce Brown, Consultant, PRMPS |

|Philip E. Keefer, Lead Economist, DEC |

|Pierre Lendil-Mills, President, Partnership for Transparency Fund |

|Raymond Muhula, Consultant, DEC |

|Robert Beschel, Lead Public Sector Specialist, MNSED |

|Robert Maxwell Gaylard, Consultant, PRMPS |

|Roby Senderowitsch, Senior Institutional Development Specialist |

|Rodrigo Serrano-Berthet, Local Development Specialist, SDV |

|Sameh Wahba, Senior Urban Development Specialist, MNSSD |

|Sanjay Agarwal, Social Development Specialist, SAR |

|Sanjay Pradhan, Sector Director, PRMPS |

|Sina Odugbemi, Senior Communications Officer, EXTCD and Program Head, CommGAP |

|Stephania Abakerli, Social Development Specialist, LAC |

|Steve Burgess, Senior Operations Officer., EAPCO |

|Steven Endigma, Lead Specialist, AFTPR |

|Stuti Khemani, Senior Economist, DECRG |

|Tamar Manuelyan Atinc, Sector Director, ECSHD |

|Wendy Wakeman, Senior Social Development Specialist, MNSSD |

|William Ruben, Senior. Social Scientist, LSSD |

|Zoubida Allaoua, Sector Manager, MENA |

Table v: References

World Bank Stocktaking’s and Other Literature Reviewed

|Accountability in Poverty Reduction Strategies: The Role of Empowerment and Participation, Eberlei, Walter. 2007. |

|Beyond Public Scrutiny: Stocktaking of Social Accountability in OECD Countries Caddy, Joanne & Peixoto, Tiago. WBI Working |

|Papers. 2006. |

|Bridging the gap: citizenship, participation and accountability. PLA Notes 40, Cornwall, Andrea; Gaventa, John. 2001. |

|Civil Society’s Role in the Governance Agenda in Ecuador: Assessing Opportunities and Constraints. Social Development Notes. |

|2007. |

|Communications for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP), Evaluation Framework for Governance Programs: Measuring the |

|Contribution of Communication Discussion Papers. 2007. |

|DEMANDING GOOD GOVERNANCE A Stocktaking of Social Accountability Initiatives by Civil Society in Anglophone Africa. McNeil, M., |

|& Mumvuma, T. WBI Working Papers. 2006. |

|Does Community Driven Development Work? Evidence from Senegal (Arcand, Jean-Louis and Bassole, Léandre. 2007. |

|Draft - Accountability in Governance, Stapenhurst, Rick. |

|Draft - Capacity Development Management Action Plan (CDMAP). Action 5 – Supporting capacity development of justice sector |

|institutions. Bhasali, Lisa & Chirani, Nancy. |

|Draft - How do World Wide Governance Indictors Measure Up? Iqbal, Kazi & Shah, Anwar. 2008. |

|Draft - Operationalizing Social Accountability in Policy-Based Lending: Lessons Learned from Emerging Experience. William |

|Reuben. 2007. |

|Draft - Social Accountability Stocktakaking in East Asia Region. Khaminwa, Angela. 2008. |

|Draft - Stocktaking of Social Accountability Initiatives in Europe and Central Asia. Novikova, Irina. 2007. |

|Empowering the Marginalized: Case studies of Social Accountability Initiatives in Asia. Public Affairs Foundation Bagalore, |

|India, Sirker, Karen and Cosic, Sladjana Cosic. World Bank Institute. 2007. |

|Environment Matters at the World Bank, Good Governance and Environmental Management. Annual Review. 2006. |

|GOOD PRACTICES ON STRENGTHENING THE DEMAND SIDE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE. Ospina-Robledo, Rosa Inés. 2007. |

|Improving Governance and Combating Corruption in the Transport Sector. William D.O. Paterson and Pink Chaudhri. 2007. |

|Local Governance and Social Accountability New Perspectives: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe and Central Asia, and OECD |

|Countries. 2007. |

|M&E Information Systems to Strengthen Accountability Relationships. Independent Evaluations Group. |

|Participatory Budgeting and Local Governance: An Evidence-Based Evaluation of Participatory Budgeting Experiences in Brazil. |

|2007. |

|Power to the People: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment of a Community Based Monitoring Project in Uganda. Bjorkman, |

|Martina and Svensson, Jakob Svensson. 2006. |

|Social Accountability in Practice: From Tools to Outcomes. |

|Social Accountability in the Public Sector: A Conceptual Discussion. Ackerman, John M., 2005. |

|Social Accountability Source Book. |

|Social Accountability: An Introduction to the concept and Emerging Practice. Malena, Carmen, Forster, Reiner, and Singh, |

|Janmejay. 2004. |

|Stocktaking - Social Accountability in the East Asia and Pacific Region. 2008. |

|Stocktaking of Participatory Community-Based Development Initiatives - Papa New Guinea. 2006. |

|Stocktaking on Mechanisms of Social Accountability in Central Asia. 2007. |

|Stocktaking on Social Accountability in Latin America: Cases from Ecuador and Peru. Prepared by Grupo FARO. 2007. |

|Stocktaking on Social Accountability Initiatives in Asia and the Pacific. 2004. |

|Strengthening World Bank Group Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) Strategy. 2007. |

|Summary Paper on the Stocktaking of Social Accountability Initiatives in Asia and the Pacific. Arroyo, Dennis. World Bank |

|Institute. 2004. |

|The Governance and Anti-Corruption Implementation Plan (GAC IP). 2007. |

|The Media’s Role in Curbing Corruption. Stapernhurst, Rick. 2008. |

|The Role of Civic Engagement and Social Accountability in the Governance Equation. 2003. Social Development Notes. |

|Voice, Eyes and Ears - A Social Accountability in Latin America (Case Studies on Mechanisms of Participatory Monitoring and |

|Evaluation). Civil Society Team. 2003 |

|Ways to improve water services by making utilities more accountable to their users - A review. Muller, Mike; Simpson, Rob; & |

|Ginneken, Meike van. 2008. |

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