Johnny Appleseed
Capitalization – Capitalize all proper nouns and all proper adjectives. (A proper adjective is an adjective formed from a proper noun ex. President Obama)
Capitalize the First Words of a Sentence and Direct Quotations!!!!
Capitalize all I’s: I, I’m, I’ll, and I’d!!!!
Capitalize Days, Months, Holidays: Friday, Monday, Arbor Day, August
Titles used with Names titles are proper adjectives, and so are abbreviations standing for those titles (ex. Dr. Linda Trout, Mr. Day)
Words Used as Names are capitalized (Ex. Then Uncle was angry. Vs. My uncle was angry.)
Capitalize Races, Languages, Nationalities, and Religions: Arab, Irish linen, African
Capitalize Historical Events: World War II, the Middle Ages, the Constitution
Practice, fix this sentence:
joey took mindy upstairs to his room.
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Costume - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rescue - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contest - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Idea - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sidekick - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
EASY LEVEL
1. by katherine rollins
2. joey skipped downstairs.
HARD LEVEL
3. “joey,” said mom, “i need you to watch mindy at the party.”
4. at the party, superhero joey and his sidekick supergirl mindy won first prize!
Superhero Joey
by Katherine Rollins
Joey put on his mask.
He flapped his cape in front of the mirror.
This is the best costume, he thought.
I’m sure to win the contest.
Joey skipped downstairs.
“Here I come to rescue you!” Joey shouted.
“Nice costume,” said Joey’s dad.
“I’m a superhero,” said Joey.
“Joey,” said Mom, “I need you to watch Mindy at the party.”
Joey looked at his little sister. “But Mom, superheroes don’t have kid sisters.”
“Well this superhero has a sister,” said Mom.
“What will Mindy’s costume be?” asked Dad.
“I’m not sure,” said Mom.
Joey got an idea. “I know!”
Joey took Mindy upstairs to his room.
He dug through his closets.
Joey found his baby blanket.
He put it around Mindy’s shoulders.
At the party, Superhero Joey and his sidekick Supergirl Mindy won first prize!
The main character of this story was: _________________________________________________
Fill out this chart
List some of the examples of rising action:
Periods – Periods are little dots you usually find at the end of a sentence, but they do have other purposes.
At the End of a Sentence use a period to end a sentence that makes a statement or a request.
After Initials ex: J.K. Rowling, Colin L. Powell
After Abbreviations you should place a period after each part of an abbreviation, but do not use periods with acronyms.
Yes: Mr. Mrs. Dr.
No: NBC, NASA, FBI, AIDS
As Decimal Points use a period to separate dollars and cents and as a decimal point. Ex. $1.54, $45.21, 21.34 percent, etc
Practice, fix this sentence:
but lillard proved them wrong
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Skepticism - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Competition - _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Crown - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Opportunity- __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Genre - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
EASY LEVEL
1. everyone was witnessing me play in the Nba
2. having the opportunity to play in front of all of my family and friends in oakland
HARD LEVEL
3. there was some skepticism about damian lillard entering the nba after he concluded his career at weber state last year
4. critics said he wasn’t very athletic and didn’t face the best competition while playing for a Big sky Conference school. Perhaps, he just wasn’t ready for the next level
Portland Trailblazer's Damian Lillard: Q&A With the NBA Rookie Of the Year
Posted by: Christina Tapper
There was some skepticism about Damian Lillard entering the NBA after he concluded his career at Weber State last year. Critics said he wasn’t very athletic and didn’t face the best competition while playing for a Big Sky Conference school. Perhaps, he just wasn’t ready for the next level. But Lillard proved them wrong. He led the 2012-13 NBA rookie class in points (19) and assists per game (6.5) in his first season with the Portland Trailblazers. Lillard also topped the league in total minutes played.
The recently crowned NBA Rookie of the Year sat down with SI Kids at Champs Sports in Time Square, New York recently to discuss his childhood career choice (wrestling!), advice for underdogs and the NBA postseason.
What was your best on-the-court moment this season?
“Having the opportunity to play in front of all of my family and friends in Oakland. And having a big game there against the Warriors back in January [Lillard scored 37 points and made 7-of-12 three pointers against Golden State]. I can’t recall a better time on the floor in my life than playing in front everyone I grew up around and my biggest supporters. Everyone was witnessing me play in the NBA.”
(To be continued…)
What type of writing genre is this? How can you tell?
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More Punctuation:
Question Marks are used at the end of a direct question.
Exclamation Points may be placed after a word, a phrase, or a sentence to show emotion. (Do not over use the Exclamation point!)
Quotation Marks
To Set Off a Speaker’s Exact Words – Place quotation marks before and after a speaker’s words in dialogue. Only the exact words of the speaker are placed within quotation marks.
Ex. Marla said, “I’ve decided to become a firefighter.”
For Quotations Within Quotations – Use single quotation marks to punctuate a quotation within a quotation.
Ex. Sung Kim asked, “Did Marla just say, ‘I’ve decided to become a firefighter’?”
Or when titles occur within a quotation, use single quotation marks to punctuate those that require quotation marks.
Ex. Juan said, “Springsteen’s song ‘The Rising’ really inspired her.”
To Set Off Quoted Material – When quoting material from another source, place quotation marks before and after the source’s exact words.
Ex. In her book Living the Life You Deserve, Tess Spyeder explains, “Choose a job you’ll enjoy doing day after day over one that will fatten you bank account.”
For Special Words – Quotation marks also may be used (1) to set apart a word that is being discussed, (2) to indicate that a word is slag, or (3) to point out that a word or phrase is being used in a special way
Ex. 1. Renny used the word “like” entirely too much.
2. Man, you car is really “swag.”
3. Aunt Lulu, an editor at a weekly magazine, says she has “issues.”
Practice, fix this sentence:
what surprised you the most during your rookie year
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
League - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adjust - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Acceptance - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Definitely - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Encourage - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
EASY LEVEL
1. what surprised you the most during your rookie year
2. “i don’t know what my name would have been. but I can tell you I would have been like Stone cold steve austin
HARD LEVEL
3. the most surprising thing, for me,” said lillard, “was how i was able to hold up in the league. people said the long season, the interviews and travel wears you out But i was kind of surprised how well i was able to adjust
Portland Trailblazer's Damian Lillard: Q&A With the NBA Rookie Of the Year
Posted by: Christina Tapper
(….continued)
What surprised you the most during your rookie year?
“The most surprising thing, for me, was how I was able to hold up in the league. People said the long season, the interviews and travel wears you out. But I was kind of surprised how well I was able to adjust.”
During your acceptance speech for the NBA Rookie of the Year Award you mentioned you wanted to be a professional wrestler as a kid. What would have been your name if you pursued a career in the ring?
“I don’t know what my name would have been. But I can tell you I would have been like Stone Cold Steve Austin. That’s definitely the type of wrestler I would have been!”
Coming from a small school, Weber State, you entered the league as an underdog but quickly proved that you can play at a professional level. Do you have any words of encouragement for fellow underdogs?
“The biggest thing is to not buy into other people’s opinion of you. For me, I believed in myself. That’s important. Being an underdog, no one really believes in you or wants to give you a chance. If you don’t believe in yourself how do you expect someone else to? Stay focused and keep grinding. That’s what I did. I knew that in time people would see the same thing I saw in myself.”
What does the word “underdog” mean? What clues from the text led you to the meaning?
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Nouns – A noun is a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.
Common Nouns are any nouns that do not name a specific person, place, thing, or idea. These nouns are not capitalized.
Proper Nouns are the names of a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Proper nouns are capitalized.
Concrete Nouns are names of things that are physical (can be touched or seen). Concrete nouns can be either proper or common.
Abstract Nouns are names of something you can think about but cannot see or touch. Abstract nouns can be either common or proper.
Practice, fix this sentence, AND underline the nouns:
ammonia is used on the Iss (International Space Station) to cool the spacecraft’s electronic equipment
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Ammonia - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Investigate - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conduct - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Visible - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Residents - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
AND underline the Nouns
EASY LEVEL
1. there was some trouble in space over the weekend
2. the astronauts removed the old pump and replaced it with a new one
HARD LEVEL
3. two days later, on saturday, two astronauts stepped outside the isS to investigate the leak.
4. either way, “there’s nothing to lose by putting in a fresh pump and pressing ahead with additional detective work, said Mission Control
A Walk in Space
By Cameron Keady with AP reporting
There was some trouble in space over the weekend. On Thursday, May 9, flakes of frozen ammonia were seen drifting from the International Space Station (ISS). The team onboard immediately prepared for a spacewalk to look into the issue. Two days later, on Saturday, two astronauts stepped outside the ISS to investigate the leak. The chief suspect was an old ammonia pump.
Thomas Marshburn and Christopher Cassidy conducted the search, but did not discover any visible damage. "All the pipes look shiny clean, no crud," Cassidy reported as he used a mirror to peer into tight, deep openings. Even so, the astronauts removed the old pump and replaced it with a new one.
Keeping It Cool
Ammonia is used on the ISS to cool the spacecraft’s electronic equipment. NASA said this leak did not pose a safety threat to the six space station residents. But problems with the cooling system could threaten experiments and equipment.
It is still not clear why exactly the leak erupted. NASA speculates that a microscopic piece of space matter struck the space station, leaving a tiny crack in the ammonia pump. Another possibility is that there was simply a leaky seal in the pipe. Either way, “there’s nothing to lose by putting in a fresh pump and pressing ahead with additional detective work,” said Mission Control.
(To be continued…)
What type of writing genre is this? How can you tell?
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Regular Verbs
Verbs are words that show action or link a subject to another word in a sentence.
Action verbs tell us what the subject is doing.
Ex. Natural disasters hit the globe every dat.
Linking verbs connect—or link—a subject to a noun or an adjective in the predicate. The most common linking verbs are forms of the verb be (is, are, was, were, being, been, am). Verbs such as smell, look, taste, feel, remain, turn, appear, become, sound, seem, grow, and stay can also be linking verbs.
He is awesome.
Helping verbs help the main verb express tense and voice. The most common helping verbs are shall, will, should, would, could, must, might, can, may, have, had, do, and did.
It has been told that he will come again.
Present tense of a verb expresses action (or a state of being) that is happening now or that happens continually or regularly. Regular verbs in the present tense end in s.
He walks to school.
Past tense of verb express action (or state of being) that was completed in the past. Regular verbs in past tense end in ed.
He walked to school.
Future tense of a verb expresses actions that will take place. Most verbs in the future tense will have will in front of them.
He will walk to school.
Practice, fix this sentence, AND underline the nouns and circle the verbs:
the Iss was launched into orbit in 1998
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Launch - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rotating - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Continuous - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stage - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Arrival - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns and circle the verbs
EASY LEVEL
1. hadfield said, A happy, busy crew, working hard, loving life in space ”
2. they are hopeful further investigations will provide answers
HARD LEVEL
3. while in orbit, the international team of astronauts performs scientific research and collects data about conditions in the milky way and beyond
4. while these astronauts have performed some amazing tasks, NasA has never before staged a spacewalk so quickly
A Walk in Space
By Cameron Keady with AP reporting
(…continued)
Studies in Space
The ISS was launched into orbit in 1998. Since 2000, a rotating crew of astronauts and scientists has continuously occupied it. While in orbit, the international team of astronauts performs scientific research and collects data about conditions in the Milky Way and beyond. Many of their experiments focus on humans’ ability to live and work in space over long periods of time.
While these astronauts have performed some amazing tasks, NASA has never before staged a spacewalk so quickly. Marshburn has been on the space station since December, and Cassidy is a new arrival to the ISS. While the leaky pump mystery continues to puzzle the ISS team, they are hopeful further investigations will provide answers. “This type of event is what the years of training were for,” space station commander Chris Hadfield said in a tweet Friday. “A happy, busy crew, working hard, loving life in space.”
What does the international team do on the International Space Station?
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Pronouns – A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. Some examples are I, you, he, she, it, we, they, his, hers, her, etc.
Antecedent is the noun that the pronoun refers to or replaces. All pronouns have antecedents (with few exceptions). Pronouns must agree with their antecedent! (Ex. Grandpa loves his coffee.)
Personal Pronouns take the place of specific person (or thing) in a sentence. Some common personal pronouns are I, you, she, he, it, we, and they.
Relative Pronouns are both a pronoun and a connecting word. It connects a dependent clause to an independent clause in a complex sentence. Relative pronouns include who, whose, which, and that.
Interrogative Pronouns help us ask questions: Who, Which, What, Whom?
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
columbus made signals for the ships to cast anchor and the boats to be manned and armed. columbus entered his own boat
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Leagues - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Uncultivated - _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gestures - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Attire - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Emblazon - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns and circle the verbs
EASY LEVEL
1. it was on friday morning, the 12th of october, that columbus first beheld the New world
2. though apparently uncultivated it was populous
HARD LEVEL
3. martin alonzo pinzon and his brother put off in company in their boats, each with a banner of the enterprise emblazoned with a green cross, having on either side the letters "F."' and "Y.," the initials of the Castilian monarchs fernando and ysabel, surmounted by crowns
The First Landing of Columbus in the New World
By Washington Irving (Adapted)
It was on Friday morning, the 12th of October, that Columbus first beheld the New World. As the day dawned he saw before him an island, several leagues in extent, and covered with trees like a continual orchard. Though apparently uncultivated it was populous, for the inhabitants were seen issuing from all parts of the woods and running to the shore. They were perfectly naked, and, as they stood gazing at the ships, appeared by their attitudes and gestures to be lost in astonishment.
Columbus made signals for the ships to cast anchor and the boats to be manned and armed. He entered his own boat, richly attired in scarlet, and holding the royal standard; while Martin Alonzo Pinzon and his brother put off in company in their boats, each with a banner of the enterprise emblazoned with a green cross, having on either side the letters "F."' and "Y.," the initials of the Castilian monarchs Fernando and Ysabel, surmounted by crowns.
(to be continued…)
What type of writing genre is this? How can you tell?
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Plurals – Turning a word from one thing to two or more things.
Most Nouns are turned into plurals simply by adding the letter s to the singular.
The Exceptions
Nouns Ending in ch, sh, s, x, and z are made by adding es to the singular.
Ex. Boxes, lunches, dishes, messes, buzzes.
Nouns Ending in y. Just add an s if there is a vowel before the y.
Ex. Toys, boys, keys, holidays
If the noun ending in y ends with a constant before the y, then replace y with and ie and add s. Ex. Flies, babies, cavities.
Nouns ending in o. Just add an s if there is a vowel before the o. ex. Radios, studios, rodeos.
If the noun ending in o ends with a constant before the o, then add es. Ex. echoes, heroes, potatoes.
Musical terms and Spanish words with constants before the o just get an s. Ex. Banjos, tacos, burros, pianos, etc.
Nouns Ending in f or fe are formed in one of two ways: The final f sound is still heard in the plural form of the word, simply add s; if the final sound is a v sound, change the f to ve and add s. Ex (plural ends with f sound) roofs, beliefs. (Plural ends with v sound) wife ( wives, loaf ( loaves, leaf ( leaves.
Irregular Spellings you’ll just have to learn them as you go. Ex. Children, geese, teeth, women, mice, oxen, etc.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
on landing he threw himself on his knees, kissed the earth, and returned thankes to God with teares of joy
Write the nouns from the sentence above and their plural or singular
Noun Plural/Singular Noun Plural/Singular
_______________ ______________ _______________ ______________
_______________ ______________ _______________ ______________
_______________ ______________
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Purity - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Transparency - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vegetation - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dominion - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Possession - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns and circle the verbs
EASY LEVEL
1. he beheld also fruitss of an unknown kind upon the treess which overhung the shores
2. "almighty and Eternal God, prayed columbus
HARD LEVEL
3. columbus, then rising, drew his sword, displayed the royal standard, and assembling around him the two captaines and the rest who had landed, he took solemn possession in the name of the Castilian sovereigns, giving the island the name of san salvador
The First Landing of Columbus in the New World
By Washington Irving (Adapted)
(…continued)
As he approached the shore, Columbus was delighted with the purity and suavity of the atmosphere, the crystal transparency of the sea, and the extraordinary beauty of the vegetation. He beheld also fruits of an unknown kind upon the trees which overhung the shores.
On landing he threw himself on his knees, kissed the earth, and returned thanks to God with tears of joy. His example was followed by the rest. "Almighty and Eternal God," prayed Columbus, "who by the energy of Thy creative word hast made the firmament, the earth and the sea - blessed and glorified be thy name in all places! May thy majesty and dominion be exalted for ever and ever, as Thou hast permitted thy holy name to be made known and spread by the most humble of thy servants, in this hitherto unknown portion of Thine empire."
Columbus, then rising, drew his sword, displayed the royal standard, and assembling around him the two captains and the rest who had landed, he took solemn possession in the name of the Castilian sovereigns, giving the island the name of San Salvador.
What did Columbus do when he came to shore?
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Adjectives – An adjective is a word used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives tell what kind, how many, or which ones. They usually come before the word they describe.
Articles – The articles a, an, and the are adjectives. Ex. A dog, an elephant, the cat.
Proper Adjectives are formed from a proper noun, and it is always capitalized.
Ex. A Chicago museum is home to the skeleton of one of these beasts.
Common Adjectives are any adjective that is not proper. It is not capitalized (unless it is the first word of a sentence. Ex. Ancient mammoths were huge, woolly creatures.
Demonstrative Adjectives point out a particular noun. This and these point out something nearby; that and those point out something at a distance.
Ex. This mammoth is huge, but that mammoth is even bigger.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
powered only by solar panels on its wings, Solar impulse will reach its final destination, new york city.
Write the adjectives from the sentence above:
____________________
____________________
Yep, there are only two, so be careful.
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Impulse - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Destination - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Aviation - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pioneer - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exclusive - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. it’s a bird! it’s a plane! It’s the solar Impulse
2. the plane’s creators are taking turns piloting the aircraft as it crosses the nation
HARD LEVEL
3. all the big pioneers of the 20th century have tried to fly coast to coast across america,” said piccard, who was in the pilot’s seat at takeoff. “so now we’re trying to do this, but on solar power with no fuel
4. each flight leg will take 19 to 25 houres with 10-day stopes in each city
Solar-Powered Plane
An aircraft takes off for a cross-country flight—with no fuel required
May 06, 2013 By Cameron Keady with AP reporting
Powered only by solar panels on its wings, Solar Impulse will reach its final destination, New York City, in early July.
It’s a bird! It’s a plane! It’s the Solar Impulse! On May 3, 2013, aviation history was made when a solar-powered airplane, named Solar Impulse, began a journey across the United States. The plane’s creators, André Borshberg and Bertrand Piccard of Switzerland, are taking turns piloting the aircraft as it crosses the nation.
“All the big pioneers of the 20th century have tried to fly coast to coast across America,” said Piccard, who was in the pilot’s seat at takeoff. “So now we’re trying to do this, but on solar power with no fuel.”
Across America
Solar Impulse departed from Moffett Federal Airfield, in Northern California, just after dawn on May 3. Traveling at around 40 miles per hour, the plane will make its voyage in five separate trips. Each flight leg will take 19 to 25 hours with 10-day stops in each city. The first leg of the journey, from California to Phoenix, Arizona, was completed in 20 hours. From Phoenix, Solar Impulse will make stops in Dallas, TX, St. Louis, MO, and Washington, DC, before ending its last leg in New York City in early July. Solar Impulse’s journey marks the first time an airplane powered exclusively by solar energy will fly across the country during both the day and the night.
(to be continued…)
What meaning of the word “leg” does the author use in the above passage? How do you know?
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Adjectives Continued
Positive Adjectives describe a noun or pronoun without comparing it to anyone or anything else. Ex. He is a fast runner.
Comparative Adjective form of an adjective (er) compares to persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex. He is a faster runner than I am.
Superlative Adjectives form (est or most or least) compares three or more persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex. He is the fastest runner out of all of us.
Compound Adjectives are made up of two or more words.
Ex. Dinosaurs were egg-laying animals.
Indefinite Adjectives give approximate, or indefinite information (any, few, many, etc). It does not tell exactly how many or how much. Ex. Some mammoths have been discovered.
Predicate Adjectives follow a linking verb and describe the subject.
Ex. Mammoths were once abundant, but now they are extinct.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
the solar-powered plane is a single-seat aircraft
Write the adjectives from the sentence above:
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________
Yep, there are four this week, so be careful.
Define these words and use them in a sentence:
Innovative - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Efficiency - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stretch - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Absolute - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Altitude - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. solar Impulse is intended to make its cross-country voyage without using a single drop of fuel
2. this adventure is solar impulse’s final trip before its creatores attempt an around-the-world flight in 2015
HARD LEVEL
3. “our plane is not designed to carry a passenger, but to carry a message, piccard has said numerous times
4. we want to show that with clean technologys, a passionate team, and a far-reaching pioneering vision, one can achieve the impossible,” piccard said in a statement
Solar-Powered Plane
An aircraft takes off for a cross-country flight—with no fuel required
May 06, 2013 By Cameron Keady with AP reporting
(…continued)
Plane Power
The solar-powered plane is a single-seat aircraft. “Our plane is not designed to carry a passenger, but to carry a message,” Piccard has said numerous times. That message is to use innovative, clean technologies for energy efficiency. Solar Impulse is intended to make its cross-country voyage without using a single drop of fuel. By day, 12,000 solar cells are charged by the sun to power lithium batteries. That enables the plane to fly at night—but it cannot travel through clouds.
Solar Impulse weighs just 3,500 lbs, about as much as a car. Most of the weight is from the solar panels that cover its wings, which stretch 208 feet. The aircraft has reached an absolute altitude of 30,300 feet and has completed a trip that lasted more than 26 hours. This adventure is Solar Impulse’s final trip before its creators attempt an around-the-world flight in 2015. “We want to show that with clean technologies, a passionate team, and a far-reaching pioneering vision, one can achieve the impossible,” Piccard said in a statement.
How does the Solar Impulse fly?
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Adverbs are words used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. IT tells how, when, where, how often, or how much. Adverbs can come before or after the words they modify.
Adverbs of time tell when, how often, and how long.
Examples: tomorrow, often, never, always
Adverbs of Place tell where, to where, or from where.
Examples: there, backward, outside
Adverbs of Manner often end in ly and tell how something is done.
Examples: unkindly, gently, well
Adverbs of Degree tell how much or how little.
Examples: scarcely, entirely, generally, very, really
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
the Goblin presented the horn to the thirsty knight, who drank and instantly felt refreshed and cool
Write the adverb from the sentence above:
____________________
Yep, there is only one, so be careful.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Benevolent - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Countenance - _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ornament - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Churlish - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ingratitude - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. in the kingdom of england there is a hillock in the midst of a dense wood
2. instantly the Goblin appeared and presented the horn
HARD LEVEL
3. when one of their number called out, i thirst!” there immediately started up a goblin with a cheerful countenance, clad in a crimson robe, and bearing in his outstretched hand a large drinking-horn richly ornamented with gold and precious jeweles, and full of the most delicious, unknown beverage
The Benevolent Goblin
by Gesta Romanorum
In the kingdom of England there is a hillock in the midst of a dense wood. Thither in old days knights and their followers were wont to repair when tired and thirsty after the chase. When one of their number called out, "I thirst!" there immediately started up a Goblin with a cheerful countenance, clad in a crimson robe, and bearing in his outstretched hand a large drinking-horn richly ornamented with gold and precious jewels, and full of the most delicious, unknown beverage.
The Goblin presented the horn to the thirsty knight, who drank and instantly felt refreshed and cool. After the drinker had emptied the horn, the Goblin offered a silken napkin to wipe the mouth. Then, without waiting to be thanked, the strange creature vanished as suddenly as he had come.
Now once there was a knight of churlish nature, who was hunting alone in those parts. Feeling thirsty and fatigued, he visited the hillock and cried out:
"I thirst!"
Instantly the Goblin appeared and presented the horn.
When the knight had drained it of its delicious beverage, instead of returning the horn, he thrust it into his bosom, and rode hastily away.
He boasted far and wide of his deed, and his feudal lord hearing thereof caused him to be bound and cast into prison; then fearing lest he, too, might become partaker in the theft and ingratitude of the knight, the lord presented the jeweled horn to the King of England, who carefully preserved it among the royal treasures. But never again did the benevolent Goblin return to the hillock in the wood.
If you had been the feudal lord, what would you have done to the knight?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conjunctions connect individual words or groups of words. There are three kinds of conjunctions:
Coordinating Conjunctions connect a word to a word, a phrase to a phrase, or a clause to a clause. The words, phrases, or clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction must be equal, or of the same type. FANBOY or Mr. Andsofor Ornorbut.
Ex. Running and jumping was fun today. He is tall but skinny.
Correlative Conjunctions are conjunctions used in pairs.
Ex. Either you can go, or I can go. Neither he, nor I am going.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
there was once a little girl who was very willful and who never obeyed when her elderes spoke to her - so how could she be happy
Write the conjunctions from the sentence above:
____________________ ____________________
Yep, there are two.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Willful - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elder - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marvelous - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Forbade - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Deeds - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Command - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pale - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tremble - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Frighten - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Peep - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. one day she said to her parentes, "i have heard so much of the old witch that I will go and see her
HARD LEVEL
2.
the girl, however, would not turn back at her parents' command, but went to the witch's house. when she arrived there the old woman asked her:
"why are you so pale
"ah, she replied, trembling all over, "i have frightened myself so with what I have just seen
The Old Witch
by The Brothers Grimm
There was once a little girl who was very willful and who never obeyed when her elders spoke to her - so how could she be happy?
One day she said to her parents, "I have heard so much of the old witch that I will go and see her. People say she is a wonderful old woman, and has many marvelous things in her house, and I am very curious to see them."'
But her parents forbade her going, saying, "The witch is a wicked old woman, who performs many godless deeds - and if you go near her, you are no longer a child of ours."
The girl, however, would not turn back at her parents' command, but went to the witch's house. When she arrived there the old woman asked her:
"Why are you so pale?"
"Ah," she replied, trembling all over, "I have frightened myself so with what I have just seen."
"And what did you see?" inquired the old witch.
"I saw a black man on your steps."
"That was a collier," replied she.
"Then I saw a gray man."
"That was a sportsman," said the old woman.
"After him I saw a blood-red man."
"That was a butcher," replied the old woman.
"But, oh, I was most terrified," continued the girl, "when I peeped through your window, and saw not you, but a creature with a fiery head."
"Then you have seen the witch in her proper dress," said the old woman. "For you I have long waited, and now you shall give me light."
So saying the witch changed the little girl into a block of wood, and then threw it on the fire. When it was fully alight, she sat down on the hearth and warmed herself, saying:
"How good I feel! The fire has not burned like this for a long time!"
Look up in the dictionary word “Fable.” What does it mean?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How is the story of The Old Witch a fable? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the lesson?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Subordinating Conjunctions are a word or group of words that connects two clauses that are not equally important. A subordinating conjunction begins a dependent clause and connects it to an independent clause to make a complex sentence.
Ex. Fuel-cell engines are unusual because they don’t have moving parts.
Since fuel-cell cars run on hydrogen, the only waste produces are water and heat.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
But when it comes to nutrition, it is not considered to be the best choice.
Write the subordinating conjunction from the sentence above:
____________________
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Pose - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Convenient - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Enlist - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Experiment - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nutritious - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. Fast food is known for being convenient.
2. According to Coudreaut, making changes to the Happy Meal can be challenging.
HARD LEVEL
3. Sarah Ralston, 11, and Elanya Saley, 9, job is to help the McDonald’s executive chef, Dan Coudreaut, create a healthy new Happy Meal option. “I want to make sure that [kids] are being active and healthy,” Sarah told TFK.
A Healthier Happy Meal
By TFK Kid Reporter Alice Gottesman
Kid Reporter Alice Gottesman posed with Sarah Ralston and Elanya Saley at McDonald's headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois.
Fast food is known for being convenient. But when it comes to nutrition, it is not considered to be the best choice. McDonald’s says they want to change that. In July 2011, the company announced a plan to provide customers with healthier options. One change since then has been the addition of apple slices to Happy Meals.
Now, the fast-food chain is enlisting kids’ help to make changes to their kid’s meals, which they call Happy Meals. Sarah Ralston, 11, and Elanya Saley, 9, won a contest to become honorary Happy Meal chefs. Their job is to help the company’s executive chef, Dan Coudreaut, create a healthy new Happy Meal option. “I want to make sure that [kids] are being active and healthy,” Sarah told TFK.
Kids Pitch In
At the company’s headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois, the two girls started by experimenting with pocket food—a term used for food items that have a filling. They made turnovers stuffed with broccoli and cheese, empanadas packed with chicken and vegetables and ravioli made with meat and spinach.
Sarah and Elanya started with pocket foods because it is easy to put vegetables in pocket food. If you can grow all the vegetables in one place and put them in the foods in one place, it’s possible to then ship everything out to the thousands of McDonald’s locations, Coudreaut explained.
According to Coudreaut, making changes to the Happy Meal can be challenging. Even adding apple slices required a great deal of planning. “With 14,000 restaurants, that is a really hard thing to do,” said Coudreaut.
Still, Coudreaut hopes to make many more changes, with the goal of making the meals more nutritious. “We aren’t stopping at apples,” he said.
Why does McDonald’s want to make a healthier kids meal?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Commas – indicate a pause or a change in thought. This helps to keep words and ideas from running together so that the writing is easier to read. For a write, no other form of punctuation is more important to understand than the comma.
Between Items in a series Use commas between words, phrases, or clauses in a series. (A series contains at least three items, just like in the previous sentence.)
To Keep Numbers Clear - Use commas to separate the digits in a number in order to distinguish hundreds, thousands, millions, and so on. Ex. 1,234,567,890
In Dates and Addresses – Use commas to set off items in an address and items in a date.
Ex. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr., gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.
Ex. The address of the King Center is 449 Auburn Avenue NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30312.
To Set Off Titles or Initials – Use commas to set off a title, a name, or initials that follow a person’s last name. (Also, only use one period if an initial comes at the end of a sentence Ex. Mr. Day doesn’t have an M.D.)
Ex. Melanie Prokat, M.D., is our family’s doctor. However, she is listed in the phone book only as Prokat, M.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
Joey took Mindy upstairs to his room.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Costume - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rescue - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contest - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Idea - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sidekick - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. by Katherine Rollins
2. Joey skipped downstairs.
HARD LEVEL
3. “Joey,” said Mom, “I need you to watch Mindy at the party.”
4. At the party, Superhero Joey and his sidekick Supergirl Mindy won first prize!
The Goose Who Tried to Keep the Summer
There was once an old Wild Goose who had led the flock of other wild geese every fall for years and years on their way south. He had a thick coat of white feathers, he wore orange-colored boots, and his bill was like a gold trumpet when he opened it to call,
Honk, honk, honk!
That was the signal for the others to rise from the meadows and the marshes. He flew at their head, and the rest followed, one line on one side and one line on the other. He thought himself most important.
Over the woods and the fields and the waters, every one looked for the old Wild Goose in the fall.
Honk, honk, honk!
That was the Wild Goose telling them that it was time to get ready for the winter in the woods, and in the fields, and over the waters. He knew they waited for him, so he had grown to feel very proud of himself. He lived in a marsh that was sheltered on both sides by trees and was comfortable, even if there was a frost now and then. A robin had once stayed in those trees all winter and he sang proudly about it.
"Why do I trouble to go south?" the old Wild Goose thought to himself. "The weather here will not grow cold if I stay. Honk, honk; I shall not trouble myself to migrate this fall and then we shall see what will happen! Very likely I shall keep the summer!"
No one knew what the Goose had decided, and they listened for him.
Commas Part II
To Set Off Interruptions – Use commas to set off a word, phrase, or clause that interrupts the main thought of a sentence. These interruptions usually can be identified thought the following tests:
1. You can leave them out of a sentence without changing the meaning.
2. You can place them other places in the sentence without changing its meaning.
Ex. Our school, as well all know, is becoming overcrowded again. There are, indeed, about 1,000 people in my school. The building, however, has room for only 850 students.
To Set Off Nonrestrictive Phrases and Clauses – Use commas to set off nonrestrictive phrases and clauses, or those not necessary to the basic meaning of the sentence.
Ex. People get drinking water from surface water or groundwater, which makes up only 1 percent of the earth’s water supply.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
Joey took Mindy upstairs to her room.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Costume - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rescue - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contest - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Idea - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sidekick - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. by Katherine Rollins
2. Joey skipped downstairs.
HARD LEVEL
3. “Joey,” said Mom, “I need you to watch Mindy at the party.”
4. At the party, Superhero Joey and his sidekick Supergirl Mindy won first prize!
The dandelion looked up from her home in the field and bobbed her little head as she waited to hear the call of the Wild Goose. Every fall she had sent a flock of winged seeds flying along with him as far as they could go. Then they would drop in other fields and begin making more dandelions for next year. She knew she must not wait too long. She listened, but she did not hear his honk, honk, honk!
Puff, whirr; off she sent her tiny winged seed without the call of the old Wild Goose.
The farmer buttoned his coat tightly and looked up among the gray clouds to see the Goose. Every fall he listened to hear the call of the Wild Goose as he gathered his harvest. He knew, though, that he must not wait too long. He took his grain to the mill and filled his barn with red apples, and orange pumpkins, and yellow corn. He made warmer beds for the cows and horses, and cut logs to burn in his fireplace. He was soon ready for winter without the help of the old Wild Goose.
The brook called and called for the Goose. Every fall she waited for him to fly over and then she built her winter roof, for she knew then that no other wild bird would need to drink from her waters. She must not wait long, though. There were her fish, and the water spider, and the beaver to shelter all winter. So the brook forgot, at last, about the old Wild Goose and built a smooth ice roof to keep her children warm until spring.
Honk, honk, cried all the other wild geese. "It is time to migrate! Come with us!"
Honk, honk, honk, cried the old Wild Goose, from the sheltered marsh where he did not know what was going on. "I am not flying south this year. I am staying north to keep the summer."
Honk, honk, "What a terrible time it will be!" cried all the other geese. They talked among themselves, saying that no good could come of turning the seasons about, and of how he would probably be eaten in the end. Then they selected a wise young goose who had been end man the year before, and they made him their leader. His boots were quite as orange and his bill as golden as those of the old Goose, and he could honk very well indeed. They went south with the new leader.
Commas Part III
To set Off Appositives – Commas set off an appositive from the rest of the sentence. An appositive is a word or phrase that identifies or renames a noun or pronoun.
Ex. The capital of Cyprus, Nicosia, has a population of almost 643,000.
He, that buff guy over there, is a body builder.
To Separate Equal Adjectives – Use commas to separate two or more adjectives that equally modify the same noun. Ex. Comfortable, efficient cars are becoming more important to drivers.
Use these tests to help you decide if adjectives modify equally.
1. Switch the order of the adjectives; if the sentence is clear, the adjectives modify equally.
2. Put the word and between the adjectives; if the sentence is clear, use a comma when and is taken out.
To Set Off Dialogue – Use commas to set off the exact words of a speaker from the rest of the sentence.
Ex. The firefighter said, “When we cannot successfully put out a fire, we try to keep it from spreading.”
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
Joey took Mindy upstairs to his room.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Costume - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rescue - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contest - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Idea - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sidekick - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. by Katherine Rollins
2. Joey skipped downstairs.
HARD LEVEL
3. “Joey,” said Mom, “I need you to watch Mindy at the party.”
4. At the party, Superhero Joey and his sidekick Supergirl Mindy won first prize!
Soon Winter came. He wore a crown of snowflakes. His cloak was embroidered with frost, and he carried a huge icicle as his sceptre. Every one was ready for him. The dandelion bowed her bare head as Winter passed. The barn doors were closed, and the cattle stood, safe and warm, in their stalls.
But the Wild Goose felt Winter coming. An icy wind blew through his feathers. His throat was so stiff with cold that he could not blow his trumpet. His orange boots froze stiff as the marsh turned to ice.
"It must be the winter coming in spite of me," he thought to himself. "It seems that I have not kept him away after all. I shall die, for he will freeze me. What shall I do?"
Then a sunbeam, that was still strong enough to help a little, heard the faint cries of the old Wild Goose and was sorry for him. She melted the ice so that the Goose could pull out his feet, first one, and then the other. She stood for a moment in Winter's path as the Goose rose and stretched his stiff wings, and then started south.
The chilly air was like a blast on his head. He was obliged to fly slowly, but he managed to call as he went,
"Honk, honk, Here I am. I fly to tell you that Winter is coming."
He looked down at the woods, and the fields, and the waters. How strange! They had known it. They had not waited for the call of the old Wild Goose.
Commas Part IV
In Direct Address – Use commas to separate a noun of direct address from the rest of the sentence. (A noun of direct address is a noun that names a person spoken to in the sentence.)
Ex. Basil, can you take out the trash? Mustafa, stop talking!
Sure, Aya, get a drink of water.
To Set Off Interjections – Use commas to separate an interjection or weak exclamation from the rest of the sentence.
Ex. Uh-huh, you really did your homework?
To Set Off Explanatory Phrases – Use commas to separate an explanatory phrase from the rest of the sentence.
Ex. English, the language computers speak worldwide, is also the most widely used language in science and medicine.
To Separate Introductory Clauses and Phrases – Use a comma to separate an adverb clause or a long phrase from the independent clause that follows it.
Ex. If every automobile in the country were a light shade of red, we’d live in a pink-car nation.
According to some experts, solar-powered cars will soon be common.
To Compound Sentences – Use a comma between two independent clause that are joined by coordinating conjunction (such as and, but, or, for, so, and yet), forming a compound sentence. An independent clause express a complete thought an can stand alone as a sentence.
Ex. Many students enjoy working on computers, so teachers are finding new ways to use them in the classroom.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
Joey took Mindy upstairs to his room.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Costume - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rescue - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contest - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Idea - ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sidekick - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
5. by Katherine Rollins
6. Joey skipped downstairs.
HARD LEVEL
7. “Joey,” said Mom, “I need you to watch Mindy at the party.”
8. At the party, Superhero Joey and his sidekick Supergirl Mindy won first prize!
The First Snow Storm
Away off on a warm sunny island, little Harry Hall was born. Flowers bloomed all the year round. The sun shone most of the time, although now and then there were thunder-showers.
Many wonderful plants grew wild, while on the shore shells and seaweed and queer little fishes were often to be found.
When Harry was six years old his parents took a journey to New York.
It seemed very odd to the little boy to live in a place where there were so many people, and such great houses. After a while the weather grew cold, and he had to wear thick woollen clothing. The house in which they lived was heated by a furnace; but one day they had a fire of logs on the hearth. Harry enjoyed it very much, and thought the bright blaze so pretty.
The sky was gray and cloudy one afternoon, and Harry had been standing by the window watching the street cars. Suddenly the air grew thick, and he could scarcely see the houses opposite. Something white and feathery fell slowly down and rested on the window ledge. Then it disappeared. But more and more of the little flakes came, until there was quite a ridge outside of the window.
Harry opened the sash gently, fearing it might fly away. He was surprised when he touched it to find it so cold. He took some up in his hand, but in a moment it was only a drop of water.
By that time the street and the men's hats and coats were quite white. Harry was puzzled to find a name for the beautiful white substance, so he ran to his mamma and asked her about it.
She told him it was snow, and because the air was so warm on the beautiful island where he was born they never had any.
The next morning he saw the little children of the neighborhood playing in it; but before noon the sun was so bright and warm the snow had all melted away.
When the second snow-storm came Harry's papa brought home a beautiful sleigh, and gave his little boy great pleasure by drawing him up and down the street.
Harry soon learned to go out by himself, and made many friends; especially of the little girls, as he was very generous with his sleigh.
But he has never forgotten his surprise when he saw the first snow-storm.
Apostrophes – Are used to form contractions, to form certain plurals, or to show possession.
In place of Omitted Letters or Numbers – Use an apostrophe to show that one or more digits have been left out of a number, or that one or more letters have been left out of a word to show a special pronunciation.
Ex. Class of ’16 g’bye
To Form Some Plurals – Use an apostrophe and s to form the plural of letter, a sign, a number, or a word being discussed as a word.
Ex. A’s +’s 8’s to’s
Don’t use too many and’s in your writing.
To Form Singular possessives – To form the possessive of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and s.
Ex. Games’ Charlie’s Dr. Mill’s Roz’s
To Form Plural Possessives – The possessive form of plural nouns ending in s is usually made by adding just an apostrophe.
Ex. Students’ homework teachers’ lounge
To Show Shared Possession – When possession is shared by more than one noun, add an apostrophe and s to the last noun in the series.
Ex. Uncle Reggie and Aunt Rosie’s garden
To Form Possessives with Indefinite Pronouns – The possessive of an indefinite pronoun is formed by adding an apostrophe and s.
Ex. No one’s anyone’s somebody’s
To Express Time or Amount – Use an apostrophe with an adjective that is part of an expression indicating time (month, day, hour) or amount.
Ex. In today’s Spanish class, we talked about going to Spain.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
But when it comes to nutrition, it is not considered to be the best choice.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Pose - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Convenient - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Enlist - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Experiment - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nutritious - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
1. Fast food is known for being convenient.
2. According to Coudreaut, making changes to the Happy Meal can be challenging.
HARD LEVEL
3. Sarah Ralston, 11, and Elanya Saley, 9, job is to help the McDonald’s executive chef, Dan Coudreaut, create a healthy new Happy Meal option. “I want to make sure that [kids] are being active and healthy,” Sarah told TFK.
Washington and the Athlete
by Albert F. Blaisdell and Francis R. Ball
Many stories are told of the mighty power of Washington's right arm. It is said that he once threw a stone from the bed of the stream to the top of the Natural Bridge, in Virginia.
Again, we are told that once upon a time he rounded a piece of slate to the size of a silver dollar, and threw it across the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg, the slate falling at least thirty feet on the other side. Many strong men have since tried the same feat, but have never cleared the water.
Peale, who was called the soldier-artist, was once visiting Washington at Mount Vernon. One day, he tells us, some athletic young men were pitching the iron bar in the presence of their host. Suddenly, without taking off his coat, Washington grasped the bar and hurled it, with little effort, much farther than any of them had done.
"We were, indeed, amazed,'' said one of the young men, "as we stood round, all stripped to the buff, and having thought ourselves very clever fellows, while the Colonel, on retiring, pleasantly said:
"When you beat my pitch, young gentlemen, I'll try again."
At another time, Washington witnessed a wrestling-match. The champion of the day challenged him, in sport, to wrestle. Washington did not stop to take off his coat, but grasped the "strong man of Virginia.'' It was all over in a moment, for, said the wrestler, "In Washington's lionlike grasp I became powerless, and was hurled to the ground with a force that seemed to jar the very marrow in my bones.''
In the days of the Revolution, some of the riflemen and the backwoodsmen were men of gigantic strength, but it was generally believed by good judges that their commander-in-chief was the strongest man in the Army .
Semicolons are used to suggest a stronger pause than a comma indicates. A semicolon may also serve in place of a period.
To Join Two Independent Clauses – In a compound sentence, use a semicolon to join two independent clauses that are not connected with a coordinating conjunction.
Ex. The United States has more computers than any other county; its residents own more than 164 million of them
With Conjunctive Adverbs – A semicolon is also used to join two independent clauses when the clauses are connect by a conjunctive adverb (such as as a result, for example, however, therefore, and instead).
Ex. Japan is next on that list; however, the Japanese have only 50 million computers.
To Separate Groups That Contain Commas – Use a semicolon between groups of words in a series when one or more of the groups already contain commas.
Ex. Many of our community’s residents separate their garbage into bins for newspapers, cardboard, and junk mail; glass, metal, and plastic; and non-recyclable trash.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
But when it comes to nutrition, it is not considered to be the best choice.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Pose - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Convenient - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Enlist - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Experiment - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nutritious - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
4. Fast food is known for being convenient.
5. According to Coudreaut, making changes to the Happy Meal can be challenging.
HARD LEVEL
6. Sarah Ralston, 11, and Elanya Saley, 9, job is to help the McDonald’s executive chef, Dan Coudreaut, create a healthy new Happy Meal option. “I want to make sure that [kids] are being active and healthy,” Sarah told TFK.
Green Tips
Here are 10 things you can do to help stop global warming
April 02, 2013
By TFK Staff
[pic]A tree can absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Give planting one a try!
[pic] 1. Change a light
Replace a regular bulb with a more energy-efficient compact fluorescent bulb.
[pic] 2. Drive less
Walk, bike, use public transportation like a subway, bus or even car pool. Talk to your parents about considering a hybrid, or alternative fuel vehicle. And keep your tires inflated properly.
[pic] 3. Recycle more
Think before you throw away trash. Recycle instead. Cut down on how much you throw in the trash, which ultimately ends up in a landfill. And be sure to take e-waste, like computers, cell phones and hazardous waste to a special recycling facility.
[pic] 4. Avoid products with a lot of packaging
When it comes to your shopping habits, consider buying products that are better for the environment or that are made from recycled materials, and have less or no packaging. And when it comes to food, support local farmers markets.
Colons may be used to introduce a list or an important point. Colons are also used in business letters and between the numbers in time.
∫To Introduce Lists – Use a colon to introduce a list. The colon usually comes after words describing the subject of the list or after summary words, such as the following or these things. Do not use a colon after a verb or preposition.
Ex. Certain items are still difficult to recycle: foam cups, car tires, and toxic chemicals.
Between Numbers in Time – Use a colon between the parts of a number that indicates time.
Ex. 8:00 11:34 23:55 00:32
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
But when it comes to nutrition, it is not considered to be the best choice.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Pose - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Convenient - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Enlist - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Experiment - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nutritious - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
7. Fast food is known for being convenient.
8. According to Coudreaut, making changes to the Happy Meal can be challenging.
HARD LEVEL
9. Sarah Ralston, 11, and Elanya Saley, 9, job is to help the McDonald’s executive chef, Dan Coudreaut, create a healthy new Happy Meal option. “I want to make sure that [kids] are being active and healthy,” Sarah told TFK.
[pic] 5. Use less hot water
It takes a lot of energy to heat water. Install a low flowing shower head and wash a full load of clothes in cold or warm water.
[pic] 6. Adjust your thermostat
Moving your thermostat down 2 degrees in winter and up 2 degrees in summer can save a lot of energy. And ask your parents if your local utility company offers alternative power. If so, consider switching.
[pic] 7. Plant a tree
A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime.
[pic] 8. Turn off electronic devices
Simply turning off your TV, DVD player, stereo, and unplugging your iPod and cell phone charger when not in use, will save you thousands of pounds of CO2 a year.
[pic] 9. Spread the word
Talk to your friends, family and school teachers. Teach them what you've learned and make your house and school as green as possible. Think of ways to raise awareness & educate others, create fund-raisers in your local community to make a change.
[pic] 10. Go Green
Work to make these changes in your daily life so it becomes second nature.
Numbers
Numbers Under Ten – Numbers from one to nine are usually written as words; all numbers 10 and over are usually written as numerals.
Ex. Nine, six, 76, 234, four
Numerals Only Use numerals to express any of the following forms: money, decimals, percentages, chapters, pages, time, telephone numbers, dates, identification numbers, addresses, ZIP codes, statistics.
When abbreviations and symbols are used (for instance, in science and math), always use numerals with them. Ex. 12% 33 kg 43 cm 60 mph
Very Large Numbers – You may use a combination of numerals and words for very large numbers.
Ex. Of the 17 million residents of the three midwestern states, only 1.3 million are blondes.
Comparing Numbers – if you are comparing two or more numbers in a sentence, write all of them in the same way: as numerals or as words.
Ex. Students from 9 to 14 years old are invited.
Students nine to fourteen years old are invited.
Sentence Beginnings – Use words, not numerals, to begin sentences.
Ex. Nine people came with us last night. Fourteen had signed up to come.
Time and Money – When time or money is expressed with a symbol, use numerals. When either is expressed with words, spell out the number.
Ex. 6:00 a.m. (or) six o’clock $25 (or) twenty-five dollars.
Practice, fix this sentence AND underline the nouns & pronouns, and circle the verbs:
But when it comes to nutrition, it is not considered to be the best choice.
Define these words and write what part of speech they are (n, v, adj, adv, or multiple).
Then use them in a sentence:
Pose - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Convenient - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Enlist - ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Experiment - __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nutritious - ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
Sentence:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. You can look back at the grammar tutorials if you need to.
Underline the nouns & pronouns, circle the verbs, single-line cross out adjectives and adverbs. (Even I might start having trouble now, so just try your best.)
EASY LEVEL
10. Fast food is known for being convenient.
11. According to Coudreaut, making changes to the Happy Meal can be challenging.
HARD LEVEL
12. Sarah Ralston, 11, and Elanya Saley, 9, job is to help the McDonald’s executive chef, Dan Coudreaut, create a healthy new Happy Meal option. “I want to make sure that [kids] are being active and healthy,” Sarah told TFK.
Johnny Appleseed
by Clement Martzolff
In the year 1806, a man living in Jefferson County, happened to look out upon the Ohio River one day when he saw floating down with the tide a strange looking craft. It consisted of two ordinary canoes lashed together. The crew was one very oddly-dressed man and the cargo comprised racks of appleseeds. This singular man was John Chapman, better known as "Johnny Appleseed," from his penchant for gathering apple-seeds at the cider-presses in western Pennsylvania, bringing them to Ohio, planting them at suitable places, so when the pioneer came he would find an abundance of young apple trees ready for planting.
This was the mission of "Johnny Appleseed" who conscientiously believed it had been heaven sent. He was deeply religious and his faith taught him he could live as complete a life in thus serving his fellow-men, as in perhaps some higher (?) sphere of usefulness. Certainly the result of his labors proved a great blessing to the Ohio pioneer.
Very little is known of Johnny Appleseed before he came to Ohio. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the opening of the Revolutionary War, 1775. As a boy he loved to roam the woods, searching for plants and flowers. He was a lover of nature in all its forms. He studied the birds as well as the flowers. He loved the song of the brook as he did that of the birds. At night he would lie upon his back and gaze into the sky and whether he studied flowers or stars, brooks or birds, he saw God's hand-writing in them all. It is thought he came westward with his half-brother about the year 1801, and located somewhere about Pittsburgh. His father, Nathaniel Chapman, shortly afterward became one of the residents of Marietta and later moved to Duck Creek, in Washington county, where he died. "Johnny" never spoke much about his previous life. It was said by some that he had been once disappointed in love and this accounted for his never marrying and for living the life he did. This is not probable. Such stories are told about every old bachelor and since they are so common, they lose their value.
What educational advantages our tree-planter enjoyed, we do not know, either. But it is certain he possessed a fair knowledge of the rudiments of learning. He was a great reader for one of his time and his mode of life, and moreover, he was a clear thinker.
There are some who would call "Johnny Appleseed" "odd;" others, "freakish;" again, "eccentric," etc. This peculiar, odd personage may be described by all these terms. But the ruling passion of his life was to plant apple seeds, because he loved to see trees grow and because he loved his fellow men. The world has often been made better because there was a man who possessed but one idea, and he worked it for all it was worth.
"Johnny's" methods were to keep up with the van of pioneerdom and move along with it to the westward. So we find him in the early years of the century in western Pennsylvania, then in Ohio, and after forty-five years of service to mankind, he dies and is buried near Ft. Wayne in Indiana.
His nurseries were usually located in the moist land along some stream. Here he would plant the seeds, surround the patch with a brush fence and wander off to plant another one elsewhere. Returning at intervals to prune and care for them, he would soon have thrifty trees growing all over the country.
He did not plant these trees for money, but the pioneer got them oftentimes for old clothes, although his usual price for each tree was "a fip-penny-bit."
The first nursery Johnny planted in Ohio was on George's Run in Jefferson county. Others he planted along the river front, when he moved into the interior of the state. For years he lived in a little rude hut in Richland county near the present town of Perrysville, from where he operated his nurseries in the counties of Richland, Ashland, Wayne, Knox, and Tuscarawas.
On his journeys across the country he usually camped in the woods, although the pioneer latch string was always hanging out for "Appleseed John." He carried his cooking utensils with him. His mush pan serving him for a hat. When he would accept the hospitality of a friend, he preferred making his bed on the floor. He wore few clothes and went barefooted the most of his time, even when the weather was quite cold. For a coat a coffee sack with holes cut for neck and arms was ample.
There were plenty of Indians in those days and they were troublesome, too, since several massacres occurred in that region. But they never did any harm to our hero. No doubt they thought he was quite a "Medicine Man." Once, during the War of 1812, when the red-men were at their depredations and all the people were flocking to the Mansfield block-house for protection, it was necessary to get a message to Mt. Vernon, asking for the assistance of the militia. It was thirty miles away and the trip had to be made in the night. Johnny volunteered his services. Barefooted and bareheaded he made his way along the forest trails, where wild animals and probably wild Indians were lurking. The next morning he had returned and with him was the needed help.
He loved everything that lived. He harmed no animal, and if he found any that were wounded or mistreated, he would care for them as best he could. Once when a snake had bitten him, he instinctively killed it. He never quite forgave himself for this "ungodly passion."
He, as has already been stated, was deeply religious. He was a disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg, and he always carried some religious books about with him, in the bosom of his shirt. These books he would give away. Often he would divide a book into several pieces, so it would go farther. When he visited the pioneers, he would always hold worship and discuss religious subjects with them.
But Johnny was getting old. The first trees he planted had for years been bearing fruit. Still he kept planting and caring for new nurseries. Once in Ft. Wayne he heard that some cattle had broken into one of them and were destroying his trees. The distance was twenty miles. He started at once to protect his property. It was in the early spring of 1845. The weather was raw and the trip was too much for him. He sought shelter at a pioneer home, partook of a bowl of bread and milk for his supper, and before retiring for the night as usual held worship.
The family never forgot that evening. How the simple minded old man read from the Book, "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God." Then he prayed and as he spoke with God, he grew eloquent. His words made a deep impression on all who heard him.
In the morning he was found to have a high fever. Pneumonia had developed during the night. A physician was called, but the age of the man and the exposure to which he had subjected himself for so many years were against him. God's finger touched him and he slept.
-----------------------
The Climax of this story was
What was in the falling action?
What was the resolution/conclusion?
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