POWER GCSE Revision booklet



Power (30 marks)Paper 2GCSE Sociology revision Booklet Use the Collins Revision book (pages 70-83)and the Nelson book (pages 148-173) to support your revision from this bookletThe use of?power?need not involve coercion, force or the threat of force.Power can be the ability to get what you want, despite any resistance or opposition you may faceOne exercise power over others when they influence the personUse page 72 of the Collins book to answer the followingWhat are the sources of power:Coercive power isAuthority isPower relationshipsRead page 72 and 73 of the CollinsDefine what is meant by power relationships:Make a mind map of the different types of power relationshipsDemocracyUse page 148-149 of the Nelson book to answer:What is democracy?What are political parties and how important are they?What does the spirit of democracy mean? What are the four reasons that Britain’s democracy is strong?1.2.3.4.CitizenshipRead page 72 of CollinsCitizenship can refer to a political and legal status which means:And can also refer to active involvement in public life which means:VOTING BEHAVIOURParticipation in the political ProcessRead page 152- 153 of Nelson and answer:What is political socialisation?How can citizens be involved in the political process? Make three points:Explain what has happened to political participation over the last 50 years? (Collins page 74)Why may citizens not participate in the political process?Draw a cycle of the unfortunate cycle of non participationWhat are the government concerns about non participation?How has the government responded to the non participation? Abstaining is whenCollins 75 What is a pressure group?In the box below write a summary of what factors affect the success of pressure groupSocial factors influence voting behaviour Social class During 1950 and 1960’s sociologists felt a main class for voting behaviour was class.Use page 154 of Nelson to answer:What is class alignment?What is class de-alignment?What are floating voters?Use the case study on page 154 of Nelson to outline 6 reasons as to why the influence of social class has weakened over the last few decades.Age and voting: There is a link between age and voting in 2005 general election, labour led the Conservatives in all age groups except the over 55’s.Gender and voting:Women were more likely to vote conservative, but this is changingIn 2005 more women voted Labour than men, more men voted ConservativeEthnicity and voting:British Asian and black communities were more likely to vote labour than Conservative.1992 81% Minority ethnic voters voted Labour while 10% voted ConservativeIn 2001, 73% voted labour and 12% voted Conservative.Social factors affecting the distribution of PowerSome social groups are more likely to participate in pressure groups and politics than othersThose with better qualifications, in employment, higher income households than those that do not have jobs, those without qualifications.Middle class, middle age, white men more likely to become MP’sWomen, black people, young people, working class, disabled are underrepresented as MP’sWomen make up 50% of the population and make up 20% of MP’s at 2005 electionExplain what is meant by representative democracy and why is under representation seen as a problem to this?Carefully plan and answer the question below:‘Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the age and ethnicity are now important influences than social class on British peoples political attitudes and the way they vote. (12 marks)A system in which the state takes responsibility for many of its citizen’s health, welfare and social needs by providing services and benefitsThe Welfare StateThe post war periodAfter the second world war, all political parties accepted that government needed intervene and support its Citizens.Means tested benefits‘Identify two servicesUse page 78 of Collins to fill in the shapes and definitions belowthat are provided by the state’(2 marks)NHS National Health Service:GP’s, hospitals, dentist provided, funded by central governmentNational InsuranceContributoryNon contributoryWrite down the four problems with means testing in the circle belowChild benefitUse page 156 of Nelson to fill in the table belowConservative approach to welfare stateLabour approach to welfare stateNeo liberal principlesThe New view:Modernisers in the Labour party now agree with the conservatives in that:Private companies can provide services as efficiently as local councils or the governmentCompetition provides the incentive to work hard‘Everybody gets the same approach’ is not enough as citizens desire services tailored to their needs.Explain how the welfare state has been reformed (use page 157 of Nelson)Social Issues and Social problems: the government response to thisUse page 158 of Nelson to make revision notes on the following topicsTackling unemployment and poverty: the problem in society is Poverty explain how this is being dealt with.The ageing populationWelfare to work dealCharities and voluntary organisation‘Describe one social problem in society today and explain why this issue is seen as a social problem by many people’. (5 marks)Who has the Power?(When revising this please listen to : Snap – I’ve Got The power)Interest groupsSome sections of society can be quite powerful because of the part they play in society itself. Such as farmers as they can influence the cost of food. The farming interest can be challenged by the consumer interest though.Interest groups must adhere to the rules set out by government , government does this to manage different interest groups in society.Being on the insideRelationship between decision makers and particular groups.Some groups and wealthy individuals can give money to political groups: conservatives are usually supported by business interest and Labour by Trade UnionsGovernment needs advice of certain groups to ensure their policies are effective: NHS and medical interest. These Interest may advise through Committees so the government is well informedMP’s and ministers may have business or professional backgrounds and they socialise and with these contacts of theirs and through this they sympathise and understand their interests.Being on the outsideGroups outside of the decision making process have to persuade the government that their demands are worth considering. Use page 161 of Nelson to describe two ways that they may achieve this:Political change:Between 1945 and 1979 governments accepted that they needed to consult business groups and trade unions about economic issues. The Conservatives felt that this gave TU’s too much influence it therefore pursued policies to weaken the TU’s, making them ‘Outsiders’. Since coming into power Labour have not restored the TU power and there is now more of a business interest reflected in politics.Social ChangeDuring the 1950s people became less deferential to traditional institutions and TU’s and some felt their interest were not sufficiently represented.Outline the main features of the following movements: (page 162 of Nelson)Women’s MovementGay and lesbian movementExplain what globalisation isWho is in control?For some power is what governments have and use but, for others power it is experienced more immediately and personally.Power in the homePrivacy is an important freedom in British society and the home is private. So whatever happens in the home it is not subject to direct control by the authorities. Unless, there is clear evidence of wrong doing.Read page 164 of Nelson, use the case study to explain what the British Crime Survey reveals about domestic abuse in the home in the box belowDomestic AbuseUse page 164 of Nelson to make a list of factors that influence power and authority in the house:Make revision notes ‘in your own words’ on the following areas relating to power and who is in controlPower in the neighbourhoodPower in the workplacePower at schoolGo to page 160-167 of the Collins Revision book and answer the exam questions on power. Answer the questions first and then use the suggested answers in the back to assess your own work.POWER GLOSSARY use your notes and books to complete this glossary.DemocracyMember of parliamentConstituencyPolitical partyPrime ministerMonarchyCitizenPressure groupsAuthorityClass alignmentSocialistConsensusConservativesOld labourNeo liberalismMeans testedDeferential New social movementMalestreamDirect actionInterest groupNation stateglobalisationTrans national companiesPatriarchyFirst past the post electoral systemcommunityNational consensusStop and search ................
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